393 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
393 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Systems
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group: Geo
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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type: howto
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---
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# Geo configuration **(PREMIUM SELF)**
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## Configuring a new **secondary** site
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NOTE:
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This is the final step in setting up a **secondary** Geo site. Stages of the
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setup process must be completed in the documented order.
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If not, [complete all prior stages](../setup/index.md#using-omnibus-gitlab) before procceed.
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Make sure you [set up the database replication](../setup/database.md), and [configured fast lookup of authorized SSH keys](../../operations/fast_ssh_key_lookup.md) in **both primary and secondary sites**.
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The basic steps of configuring a **secondary** site are to:
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- Replicate required configurations between the **primary** site and the **secondary** sites.
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- Configure a tracking database on each **secondary** site.
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- Start GitLab on each **secondary** site.
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You are encouraged to first read through all the steps before executing them
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in your testing/production environment.
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NOTE:
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**Do not** set up any custom authentication for the **secondary** sites. This is handled by the **primary** site.
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Any change that requires access to the **Admin Area** needs to be done in the
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**primary** site because the **secondary** site is a read-only replica.
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### Step 1. Manually replicate secret GitLab values
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GitLab stores a number of secret values in the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json`
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file which *must* be the same on all of a site's nodes. Until there is
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a means of automatically replicating these between sites (see [issue #3789](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/3789)),
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they must be manually replicated to **all nodes of the secondary site**.
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1. SSH into a **Rails node on your primary** site, and execute the command below:
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```shell
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sudo cat /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
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```
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This displays the secrets that need to be replicated, in JSON format.
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1. SSH **into each node on your secondary Geo site** and login as the `root` user:
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```shell
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sudo -i
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```
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1. Make a backup of any existing secrets:
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```shell
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mv /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json.`date +%F`
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```
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1. Copy `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` from the **Rails node on your primary** site to **each node on your secondary** site, or
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copy-and-paste the file contents between nodes:
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```shell
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sudo editor /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
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# paste the output of the `cat` command you ran on the primary
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# save and exit
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```
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1. Ensure the file permissions are correct:
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```shell
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chown root:root /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
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chmod 0600 /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
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```
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1. Reconfigure **each Rails, Sidekiq and Gitaly nodes on your secondary** site for the change to take effect:
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```shell
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gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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gitlab-ctl restart
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```
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### Step 2. Manually replicate the **primary** site's SSH host keys
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GitLab integrates with the system-installed SSH daemon, designating a user
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(typically named `git`) through which all access requests are handled.
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In a [Disaster Recovery](../disaster_recovery/index.md) situation, GitLab system
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administrators promote a **secondary** site to the **primary** site. DNS records for the
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**primary** domain should also be updated to point to the new **primary** site
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(previously a **secondary** site). Doing so avoids the need to update Git remotes and API URLs.
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This causes all SSH requests to the newly promoted **primary** site to
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fail due to SSH host key mismatch. To prevent this, the primary SSH host
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keys must be manually replicated to the **secondary** site.
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1. SSH into **each node on your secondary** site and login as the `root` user:
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```shell
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sudo -i
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```
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1. Make a backup of any existing SSH host keys:
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```shell
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find /etc/ssh -iname ssh_host_* -exec cp {} {}.backup.`date +%F` \;
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```
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1. Copy OpenSSH host keys from the **primary** site:
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If you can access one of the **nodes on your primary** site serving SSH traffic (usually, the main GitLab Rails application nodes) using the **root** user:
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```shell
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# Run this from the secondary site, change `<primary_site_fqdn>` for the IP or FQDN of the server
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scp root@<primary_node_fqdn>:/etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key* /etc/ssh
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```
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If you only have access through a user with `sudo` privileges:
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```shell
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# Run this from the node on your primary site:
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sudo tar --transform 's/.*\///g' -zcvf ~/geo-host-key.tar.gz /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key*
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# Run this on each node on your secondary site:
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scp <user_with_sudo>@<primary_site_fqdn>:geo-host-key.tar.gz .
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tar zxvf ~/geo-host-key.tar.gz -C /etc/ssh
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```
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1. On **each node on your secondary** site, ensure the file permissions are correct:
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```shell
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chown root:root /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key*
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chmod 0600 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key
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```
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1. To verify key fingerprint matches, execute the following command on both primary and secondary nodes on each site:
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```shell
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for file in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key; do ssh-keygen -lf $file; done
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```
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You should get an output similar to this one and they should be identical on both nodes:
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```shell
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1024 SHA256:FEZX2jQa2bcsd/fn/uxBzxhKdx4Imc4raXrHwsbtP0M root@serverhostname (DSA)
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256 SHA256:uw98R35Uf+fYEQ/UnJD9Br4NXUFPv7JAUln5uHlgSeY root@serverhostname (ECDSA)
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256 SHA256:sqOUWcraZQKd89y/QQv/iynPTOGQxcOTIXU/LsoPmnM root@serverhostname (ED25519)
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2048 SHA256:qwa+rgir2Oy86QI+PZi/QVR+MSmrdrpsuH7YyKknC+s root@serverhostname (RSA)
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```
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1. Verify that you have the correct public keys for the existing private keys:
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```shell
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# This will print the fingerprint for private keys:
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for file in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key; do ssh-keygen -lf $file; done
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# This will print the fingerprint for public keys:
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for file in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key.pub; do ssh-keygen -lf $file; done
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```
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NOTE:
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The output for private keys and public keys command should generate the same fingerprint.
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1. Restart `sshd` on **each node on your secondary** site:
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```shell
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# Debian or Ubuntu installations
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sudo service ssh reload
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# CentOS installations
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sudo service sshd reload
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```
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1. Verify SSH is still functional.
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SSH into your GitLab **secondary** server in a new terminal. If you are unable to connect,
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verify the permissions are correct according to the previous steps.
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### Step 3. Add the **secondary** site
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1. SSH into **each Rails and Sidekiq node on your secondary** site and login as root:
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```shell
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sudo -i
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```
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1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add a **unique** name for your site. You need this in the next steps:
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```ruby
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##
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## The unique identifier for the Geo site. See
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## https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/admin_area/geo_nodes.html#common-settings
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##
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gitlab_rails['geo_node_name'] = '<site_name_here>'
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```
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1. Reconfigure **each Rails and Sidekiq node on your secondary** site for the change to take effect:
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```shell
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gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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```
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1. Navigate to the Primary Node GitLab Instance:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Geo > Sites**.
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1. Select **Add site**.
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1. Fill in **Name** with the `gitlab_rails['geo_node_name']` in
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`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. These values must always match *exactly*, character
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for character.
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1. Fill in **URL** with the `external_url` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. These
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values must always match, but it doesn't matter if one ends with a `/` and
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the other doesn't.
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1. (Optional) Choose which groups or storage shards should be replicated by the
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**secondary** site. Leave blank to replicate all. Read more in
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[selective synchronization](#selective-synchronization).
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1. Select **Save changes** to add the **secondary** site.
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1. SSH into **each Rails, and Sidekiq node on your secondary** site and restart the services:
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```shell
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gitlab-ctl restart
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```
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Check if there are any common issue with your Geo setup by running:
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```shell
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gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check
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```
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1. SSH into a **Rails or Sidekiq server on your primary** site and login as root to verify the
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**secondary** site is reachable or there are any common issue with your Geo setup:
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```shell
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gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check
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```
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Once added to the Geo administration page and restarted, the **secondary** site automatically starts
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replicating missing data from the **primary** site in a process known as **backfill**.
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Meanwhile, the **primary** site starts to notify each **secondary** site of any changes, so
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that the **secondary** site can act on those notifications immediately.
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Be sure the _secondary_ site is running and accessible. You can sign in to the
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_secondary_ site with the same credentials as were used with the _primary_ site.
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### Step 4. (Optional) Using custom certificates
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You can safely skip this step if:
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- Your **primary** site uses a public CA-issued HTTPS certificate.
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- Your **primary** site only connects to external services with CA-issued (not self-signed) HTTPS certificates.
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#### Custom or self-signed certificate for inbound connections
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If your GitLab Geo **primary** site uses a custom or [self-signed certificate to secure inbound HTTPS connections](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#install-custom-public-certificates), this certificate can either be single-domain certificate or multi-domain.
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Install the correct certificate based on your certificate type:
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- **Multi-domain certificate** that includes both primary and secondary site domains: Install the certificate at `/etc/gitlab/ssl` on all **Rails, Sidekiq, and Gitaly** nodes in the **secondary** site.
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- **Single-domain certificate** where the certificates are specific to each Geo site domain: Generate a valid certificate for your **secondary** site's domain and install it at `/etc/gitlab/ssl` per [these instructions](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#install-custom-public-certificates) on all **Rails, Sidekiq, and Gitaly** nodes in the **secondary** site.
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#### Connecting to external services that use customer certificates
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A copy of the self-signed certificate for the external service needs to be added to the trust store on all the **primary** site's nodes that require access to the service.
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For the **secondary** site to be able to access the same external services, these certificates *must* be added to the **secondary** site's trust store.
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If your **primary** site is using a [custom or self-signed certificate for inbound HTTPS connections](#custom-or-self-signed-certificate-for-inbound-connections), the **primary** site's certificate needs to be added to the **secondary** site's trust store:
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1. SSH into each **Rails, Sidekiq, and Gitaly node on your secondary** site and login as root:
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```shell
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sudo -i
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```
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1. Copy the trusted certs from the **primary** site:
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If you can access one of the nodes on your **primary** site serving SSH traffic using the root user:
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```shell
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scp root@<primary_site_node_fqdn>:/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/* /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs
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```
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If you only have access through a user with sudo privileges:
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```shell
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# Run this from the node on your primary site:
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sudo tar --transform 's/.*\///g' -zcvf ~/geo-trusted-certs.tar.gz /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/*
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# Run this on each node on your secondary site:
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scp <user_with_sudo>@<primary_site_node_fqdn>:geo-trusted-certs.tar.gz .
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tar zxvf ~/geo-trusted-certs.tar.gz -C /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs
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```
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1. Reconfigure each updated **Rails, Sidekiq, and Gitaly node in your secondary** site:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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```
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### Step 5. Enable Git access over HTTP/HTTPS
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Geo synchronizes repositories over HTTP/HTTPS, and therefore requires this clone
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method to be enabled. This is enabled by default, but if converting an existing site to Geo it should be checked:
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On the **primary** site:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > General**.
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1. Expand **Visibility and access controls**.
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1. Ensure "Enabled Git access protocols" is set to either "Both SSH and HTTP(S)" or "Only HTTP(S)".
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### Step 6. Verify proper functioning of the **secondary** site
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You can sign in to the **secondary** site with the same credentials you used with
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the **primary** site. After you sign in:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Geo > Sites**.
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1. Verify that it's correctly identified as a **secondary** Geo site, and that
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Geo is enabled.
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The initial replication may take some time. The status of the site or the ‘backfill’ may still in progress. You
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can monitor the synchronization process on each Geo site from the **primary**
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site's **Geo Sites** dashboard in your browser.
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If your installation isn't working properly, check the
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[troubleshooting document](troubleshooting.md).
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The two most obvious issues that can become apparent in the dashboard are:
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1. Database replication not working well.
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1. Instance to instance notification not working. In that case, it can be
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something of the following:
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- You are using a custom certificate or custom CA (see the [troubleshooting document](troubleshooting.md)).
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- The instance is firewalled (check your firewall rules).
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Disabling a **secondary** site stops the synchronization process.
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If `git_data_dirs` is customized on the **primary** site for multiple
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repository shards you must duplicate the same configuration on each **secondary** site.
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Point your users to the [Using a Geo Site guide](usage.md).
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Currently, this is what is synced:
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- Git repositories.
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- Wikis.
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- LFS objects.
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- Issues, merge requests, snippets, and comment attachments.
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- Users, groups, and project avatars.
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## Selective synchronization
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Geo supports selective synchronization, which allows administrators to choose
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which projects should be synchronized by **secondary** sites.
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A subset of projects can be chosen, either by group or by storage shard. The
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former is ideal for replicating data belonging to a subset of users, while the
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latter is more suited to progressively rolling out Geo to a large GitLab
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instance.
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It is important to note that selective synchronization:
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1. Does not restrict permissions from **secondary** sites.
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1. Does not hide project metadata from **secondary** sites.
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- Since Geo currently relies on PostgreSQL replication, all project metadata
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gets replicated to **secondary** sites, but repositories that have not been
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selected are empty.
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1. Does not reduce the number of events generated for the Geo event log.
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- The **primary** site generates events as long as any **secondary** sites are present.
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Selective synchronization restrictions are implemented on the **secondary** sites,
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not the **primary** site.
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### Git operations on unreplicated repositories
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/2562) in GitLab 12.10 for HTTP(S) and in GitLab 13.0 for SSH.
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Git clone, pull, and push operations over HTTP(S) and SSH are supported for repositories that
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exist on the **primary** site but not on **secondary** sites. This situation can occur
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when:
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- Selective synchronization does not include the project attached to the repository.
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- The repository is actively being replicated but has not completed yet.
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## Upgrading Geo
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See the [upgrading the Geo sites document](upgrading_the_geo_sites.md).
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## Troubleshooting
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See the [troubleshooting document](troubleshooting.md).
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