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debian-mirror-gitlab/doc/user/application_security/secret_detection/index.md
Vinay Keshava 081c1a8e73 New upstream version 15.9.2+ds1
2023-04-23 21:23:45 +05:30

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Secure Static Analysis To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments

Secret Detection (FREE)

  • In GitLab 13.1, Secret Detection was split from the SAST configuration into its own CI/CD template. If you're using GitLab 13.0 or earlier and SAST is enabled, then Secret Detection is already enabled.
  • Moved from GitLab Ultimate to GitLab Free in 13.3.
  • In GitLab 14.0, Secret Detection jobs secret_detection_default_branch and secret_detection were consolidated into one job, secret_detection.

People may accidentally commit secrets (such as keys, passwords, and API tokens) to remote Git repositories.

Anyone with access to the repository could use the secrets for malicious purposes. Exposed secrets must be considered compromised and be replaced, which can be costly.

To help prevent secrets from being committed to a Git repository, you can use Secret Detection to scan your repository for secrets. Scanning is language and framework agnostic, but does not support scanning binary files.

Secret Detection uses an analyzer containing the Gitleaks tool to scan the repository for secrets. Detection occurs in the secret-detection job. The results are saved as a Secret Detection report artifact that you can later download and analyze. Due to implementation limitations, we always take the latest Secret Detection artifact available.

GitLab SaaS supports post-processing hooks, so you can take action when a secret is found. For more information, see Post-processing and revocation.

All identified secrets are reported in the:

Secret Detection in merge request widget

Detected secrets

Secret Detection uses a default ruleset containing more than 90 secret detection patterns. You can also customize the secret detection patterns using custom rulesets. If you want to contribute rulesets for "well-identifiable" secrets, follow the steps detailed in the community contributions guidelines.

Features per tier

Different features are available in different GitLab tiers.

Capability In Free & Premium In Ultimate
Configure Secret Detection scanner {check-circle} Yes {check-circle} Yes
Customize Secret Detection settings {check-circle} Yes {check-circle} Yes
Download JSON Report {check-circle} Yes {check-circle} Yes
See new findings in the merge request widget {dotted-circle} No {check-circle} Yes
View identified secrets in the pipelines' Security tab {dotted-circle} No {check-circle} Yes
Manage vulnerabilities {dotted-circle} No {check-circle} Yes
Access the Security Dashboard {dotted-circle} No {check-circle} Yes
Customize Secret Detection rulesets {dotted-circle} No {check-circle} Yes

Coverage

Secret Detection scans different aspects of your code, depending on the situation. For all methods except "Default branch", Secret Detection scans commits, not the working tree. For example, Secret Detection can detect if a secret was added in one commit and removed in a later commit.

  • Historical scan

    If the SECRET_DETECTION_HISTORIC_SCAN variable is set, the content of all branches is scanned. Before scanning the repository's content, Secret Detection runs the command git fetch --all to fetch the content of all branches.

  • Commit range

    If the SECRET_DETECTION_LOG_OPTS variable is set, the secrets analyzer fetches the entire history of the branch or reference the pipeline is being run for. Secret Detection then runs, scanning the commit range specified.

  • Default branch

    When Secret Detection is run on the default branch, the Git repository is treated as a plain folder. Only the contents of the repository at the current HEAD are scanned. Commit history is not scanned.

  • Push event

    On a push event, Secret Detection determines what commit range to scan, given the information available in the runner. To determine the commit range, the variables CI_COMMIT_SHA and CI_COMMIT_BEFORE_SHA are important.

    • CI_COMMIT_SHA is the commit at HEAD for a given branch. This variable is always set for push events.
    • CI_COMMIT_BEFORE_SHA is set in most cases. However, it is not set for the first push event on a new branch, nor for merge pipelines. Because of this, Secret Detection can't be guaranteed when multiple commits are committed to a new branch.

  • Merge request

    In a merge request, Secret Detection scans every commit made on the source branch. To use this feature, you must use the latest Secret Detection template, as it supports merge request pipelines.

Templates

Secret Detection default configuration is defined in CI/CD templates. Updates to the template are provided with GitLab upgrades, allowing you to benefit from any improvements and additions.

Available templates:

WARNING: The latest version of the template may include breaking changes. Use the stable template unless you need a feature provided only in the latest template.

For more information about template versioning, see the CI/CD documentation.

Enable Secret Detection

Prerequisites:

  • Linux-based GitLab Runner with the docker or kubernetes executor. If you're using the shared runners on GitLab.com, this is enabled by default.
    • Windows Runners are not supported.
    • CPU architectures other than amd64 are not supported.
  • If you use your own runners, make sure the Docker version installed is not 19.03.0. See troubleshooting information for details.
  • GitLab CI/CD configuration (.gitlab-ci.yml) must include the test stage.

To enable Secret Detection, either:

Edit the .gitlab.ci.yml file manually

This method requires you to manually edit the existing .gitlab-ci.yml file. Use this method if your GitLab CI/CD configuration file is complex.

  1. On the top bar, select Main menu > Projects and find your project.

  2. On the left sidebar, select CI/CD > Editor.

  3. Copy and paste the following to the bottom of the .gitlab-ci.yml file:

    include:
  - template: Jobs/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

  4. Select the Validate tab, then select Validate pipeline. The message Simulation completed successfully indicates the file is valid.

  5. Select the Edit tab.

  6. Optional. In the Commit message text box, customize the commit message.

  7. In the Branch text box, enter the name of the default branch.

  8. Select Commit changes.

Pipelines now include a Secret Detection job.

Use an automatically configured merge request

This method automatically prepares a merge request, with the Secret Detection template included in the .gitlab-ci.yml file. You then merge the merge request to enable Secret Detection.

NOTE: This method works best with no existing .gitlab-ci.yml file, or with a minimal configuration file. If you have a complex GitLab configuration file it may not be parsed successfully, and an error may occur. In that case, use the manual method instead.

To enable Secret Detection automatically:

  1. On the top bar, select Main menu > Projects and find your project.
  2. On the left sidebar, select Security & Compliance > Configuration.
  3. In the Secret Detection row, select Configure with a merge request.
  4. Optional. Complete the fields.
  5. Select Create merge request.
  6. Review and merge the merge request.

Pipelines now include a Secret Detection job.

Responding to a leaked secret

Secrets detected by the analyzer should be immediately rotated. Purging a file from the repository's history may not be effective in removing all references to the file. Additionally, the secret will remain in any existing forks or clones of the repository.

GitLab will attempt to automatically revoke some types of leaked secrets.

Pinning to specific analyzer version

The GitLab-managed CI/CD template specifies a major version and automatically pulls the latest analyzer release within that major version.

In some cases, you may need to use a specific version. For example, you might need to avoid a regression in a later release.

To override the automatic update behavior, set the SECRETS_ANALYZER_VERSION CI/CD variable in your CI/CD configuration file after you include the Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml template.

You can set the tag to:

  • A major version, like 4. Your pipelines use any minor or patch updates that are released within this major version.
  • A minor version, like 4.5. Your pipelines use any patch updates that are released within this minor version.
  • A patch version, like 4.5.0. Your pipelines don't receive any updates.

This example uses a specific minor version of the analyzer:

include:
  - template: Security/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

secret_detection:
  variables:
    SECRETS_ANALYZER_VERSION: "4.5"

Configure scan settings

The Secret Detection scan settings can be changed through CI/CD variables by using the variables parameter in .gitlab-ci.yml.

WARNING: All configuration of GitLab security scanning tools should be tested in a merge request before merging these changes to the default branch. Failure to do so can give unexpected results, including a large number of false positives.

To override a job definition, (for example, change properties like variables or dependencies), declare a job with the same name as the secret detection job to override. Place this new job after the template inclusion and specify any additional keys under it.

In the following example extract of a .gitlab-ci.yml file:

  • The Secret Detection template is included.
  • In the secret_detection job, the CI/CD variable SECRET_DETECTION_HISTORIC_SCAN is set to true. Because the template is evaluated before the pipeline configuration, the last mention of the variable takes precedence.
include:
  - template: Security/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

secret_detection:
  variables:
    SECRET_DETECTION_HISTORIC_SCAN: "true"

Ignore secrets

In some instances, you might want to ignore a secret. For example, you may have a fake secret in an example or a test suite. In these instances, you want to ignore the secret, instead of having it reported as a vulnerability.

To ignore a secret, add gitleaks:allow as a comment to the line that contains the secret.

For example:

 "A personal token for GitLab will look like glpat-JUST20LETTERSANDNUMB" #gitleaks:allow

Available CI/CD variables

Secret Detection can be customized by defining available CI/CD variables:

CI/CD variable Default value Description
SECRET_DETECTION_EXCLUDED_PATHS "" Exclude vulnerabilities from output based on the paths. The paths are a comma-separated list of patterns. Patterns can be globs (see doublestar.Match for supported patterns), or file or folder paths (for example, doc,spec ). Parent directories also match patterns. Introduced in GitLab 13.3.
SECRET_DETECTION_HISTORIC_SCAN false Flag to enable a historic Gitleaks scan.
SECRET_DETECTION_IMAGE_SUFFIX "" Suffix added to the image name. If set to -fips, FIPS-enabled images are used for scan. See Use FIPS-enabled images for more details. Introduced in GitLab 14.10.
SECRET_DETECTION_LOG_OPTIONS "" git log options used to define commit ranges. Introduced in GitLab 15.1.

In previous GitLab versions, the following variables were also available:

CI/CD variable Default value Description
SECRET_DETECTION_COMMIT_FROM - The commit a Gitleaks scan starts at. Removed in GitLab 13.5. Replaced with SECRET_DETECTION_COMMITS.
SECRET_DETECTION_COMMIT_TO - The commit a Gitleaks scan ends at. Removed in GitLab 13.5. Replaced with SECRET_DETECTION_COMMITS.
SECRET_DETECTION_COMMITS - The list of commits that Gitleaks should scan. Introduced in GitLab 13.5. Removed in GitLab 15.0.

Use FIPS-enabled images

Introduced in GitLab 14.10.

The default scanner images are built off a base Alpine image for size and maintainability. GitLab offers Red Hat UBI versions of the images that are FIPS-enabled.

To use the FIPS-enabled images, either:

  • Set the SECRET_DETECTION_IMAGE_SUFFIX CI/CD variable to -fips.
  • Add the -fips extension to the default image name.

For example:

variables:
  SECRET_DETECTION_IMAGE_SUFFIX: '-fips'

include:
  - template: Security/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

Full history Secret Detection

By default, Secret Detection scans only the current state of the Git repository. Any secrets contained in the repository's history are not detected. To address this, Secret Detection can scan the Git repository's full history.

You should do a full history scan only once, after enabling Secret Detection. A full history can take a long time, especially for larger repositories with lengthy Git histories. After completing an initial full history scan, use only standard Secret Detection as part of your pipeline.

Enable full history Secret Detection

To enable full history Secret Detection, set the variable SECRET_DETECTION_HISTORIC_SCAN to true in your .gitlab-ci.yml file.

Custom rulesets (ULTIMATE)

  • Introduced in GitLab 13.5.
  • Added support for passthrough chains. Expanded to include additional passthrough types of file, git, and url in GitLab 14.6.
  • Added support for overriding rules in GitLab 14.8.

You can customize the default Secret Detection rules provided with GitLab.

The following customization options can be used separately, or in combination:

Disable predefined analyzer rules

If there are specific Secret Detection rules that you don't want active, you can disable them.

To disable analyzer rules:

  1. Create a .gitlab directory at the root of your project, if one doesn't already exist.
  2. Create a custom ruleset file named secret-detection-ruleset.toml in the .gitlab directory, if one doesn't already exist.
  3. Set the disabled flag to true in the context of a ruleset section.
  4. In one or more ruleset.identifier subsections, list the rules to disable. Every ruleset.identifier section has:
    • A type field for the predefined rule identifier.
    • A value field for the rule name.

In the following example secret-detection-ruleset.toml file, the disabled rules are assigned to secrets by matching the type and value of identifiers:

[secrets]
  [[secrets.ruleset]]
    disable = true
    [secrets.ruleset.identifier]
      type = "gitleaks_rule_id"
      value = "RSA private key"

Override predefined analyzer rules

If there are specific Secret Detection rules you want to customize, you can override them. For example, you might increase the severity of specific secrets.

To override rules:

  1. Create a .gitlab directory at the root of your project, if one doesn't already exist.
  2. Create a custom ruleset file named secret-detection-ruleset.toml in the .gitlab directory, if one doesn't already exist.
  3. In one or more ruleset.identifier subsections, list the rules to override. Every ruleset.identifier section has:
    • A type field for the predefined rule identifier.
    • A value field for the rule name.
  4. In the ruleset.override context of a ruleset section, provide the keys to override. Any combination of keys can be overridden. Valid keys are:
    • description
    • message
    • name
    • severity (valid options are: Critical, High, Medium, Low, Unknown, Info)

In the following example secret-detection-ruleset.toml file, rules are matched by the type and value of identifiers and then overridden:

[secrets]
  [[secrets.ruleset]]
    [secrets.ruleset.identifier]
      type = "gitleaks_rule_id"
      value = "RSA private key"
    [secrets.ruleset.override]
      description = "OVERRIDDEN description"
      message = "OVERRIDDEN message"
      name = "OVERRIDDEN name"
      severity = "Info"

Synthesize a custom configuration

To create a custom configuration, you can use passthrough chains. Passthroughs can also be chained to build more complex configurations. For more details, see SAST Customize ruleset.

Only the following passthrough types are supported by the secrets analyzer:

  • file
  • raw

In the secret-detection-ruleset.toml file, do one of the following:

  • Define a custom ruleset, for example:

    [secrets]
  description = 'secrets custom rules configuration'

  [[secrets.passthrough]]
    type  = "raw"
    target = "gitleaks.toml"
    value = """\
title = "gitleaks config"
# add regexes to the regex table
[[rules]]
description = "Test for Raw Custom Rulesets"
regex = '''Custom Raw Ruleset T[est]{3}'''
"""

  • Provide the name of the file containing a custom ruleset, for example:

    [secrets]
  description = 'secrets custom rules configuration'

  [[secrets.passthrough]]
    type  = "file"
    target = "gitleaks.toml"
    value = "config/gitleaks.toml"

Running Secret Detection in an offline environment (PREMIUM SELF)

An offline environment has limited, restricted, or intermittent access to external resources through the internet. For self-managed GitLab instances in such an environment, Secret Detection requires some configuration changes. The instructions in this section must be completed together with the instructions detailed in offline environments.

Configure GitLab Runner

By default, a runner tries to pull Docker images from the GitLab container registry even if a local copy is available. You should use this default setting, to ensure Docker images remain current. However, if no network connectivity is available, you must change the default GitLab Runner pull_policy variable.

Configure the GitLab Runner CI/CD variable pull_policy to if-not-present.

Use local Secret Detection analyzer image

Use a local Secret Detection analyzer image if you want to obtain the image from a local Docker registry instead of the GitLab container registry.

Prerequisites:

  • Importing Docker images into a local offline Docker registry depends on your network security policy. Consult your IT staff to find an accepted and approved process to import or temporarily access external resources.

  1. Import the default Secret Detection analyzer image from registry.gitlab.com into your local Docker container registry:

    registry.gitlab.com/security-products/secrets:4

    The Secret Detection analyzer's image is periodically updated so you should periodically update the local copy.

  2. Set the CI/CD variable SECURE_ANALYZERS_PREFIX to the local Docker container registry.

    include:
  - template: Security/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  SECURE_ANALYZERS_PREFIX: "localhost:5000/analyzers"

The Secret Detection job should now use the local copy of the Secret Detection analyzer Docker image, without requiring internet access.

Configure a custom Certificate Authority

To trust a custom Certificate Authority, set the ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE variable to the bundle of CA certificates that you trust. Do this either in the .gitlab-ci.yml file, in a file variable, or as a CI/CD variable.

  • In the .gitlab-ci.yml file, the ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE value must contain the text representation of the X.509 PEM public-key certificate.

    For example:

    variables:
  ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE: |
      -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
      MIIGqTCCBJGgAwIBAgIQI7AVxxVwg2kch4d56XNdDjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADCB
      ...
      jWgmPqF3vUbZE0EyScetPJquRFRKIesyJuBFMAs=
      -----END CERTIFICATE-----

  • If using a file variable, set the value of ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE to the path to the certificate.

  • If using a variable, set the value of ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE to the text representation of the certificate.

Troubleshooting

Set the logging level

Introduced in GitLab 13.1.

Set the logging level to debug when you need diagnostic information in a Secret Detection job log.

WARNING: Debug logging can be a serious security risk. The output may contain the content of environment variables and other secrets available to the job. The output is uploaded to the GitLab server and visible in job logs.

  1. In the .gitlab-ci.yml file, set the SECURE_LOG_LEVEL CI/CD variable to debug.
  2. Run the Secret Detection job.
  3. Analyze the content of the Secret Detection job.
  4. In the .gitlab-ci.yml file, set the SECURE_LOG_LEVEL CI/CD variable to info (default).

Warning: gl-secret-detection-report.json: no matching files

For information on this, see the general Application Security troubleshooting section.

Error: Couldn't run the gitleaks command: exit status 2

The Secret Detection analyzer relies on generating patches between commits to scan content for secrets. If the number of commits in a merge request is greater than the value of the GIT_DEPTH CI/CD variable, Secret Detection fails to detect secrets.

For example, you could have a pipeline triggered from a merge request containing 60 commits and the GIT_DEPTH variable set to less than 60. In that case the Secret Detection job fails because the clone is not deep enough to contain all of the relevant commits. To verify the current value, see pipeline configuration.

To confirm this as the cause of the error, set the logging level to debug, then rerun the pipeline. The logs should look similar to the following example. The text "object not found" is a symptom of this error.

ERRO[2020-11-18T18:05:52Z] object not found
[ERRO] [secrets] [2020-11-18T18:05:52Z] ▶ Couldn't run the gitleaks command: exit status 2
[ERRO] [secrets] [2020-11-18T18:05:52Z] ▶ Gitleaks analysis failed: exit status 2

To resolve the issue, set the GIT_DEPTH CI/CD variable to a higher value. To apply this only to the Secret Detection job, the following can be added to your .gitlab-ci.yml file:

secret_detection:
  variables:
    GIT_DEPTH: 100

Error: ERR fatal: ambiguous argument

Secret Detection can fail with the message ERR fatal: ambiguous argument error if your repository's default branch is unrelated to the branch the job was triggered for. See issue !352014 for more details.

To resolve the issue, make sure to correctly set your default branch on your repository. You should set it to a branch that has related history with the branch you run the secret-detection job on.

exec /bin/sh: exec format error message in job log

The GitLab Secret Detection analyzer only supports running on the amd64 CPU architecture. This message indicates that the job is being run on a different architecture, such as arm.