122 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
type: howto, reference
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# Command Line basic commands
|
||
|
||
When [working with Git from the command line](start-using-git.md), you will need to
|
||
use more than just the Git commands. There are several basic commands that you should
|
||
learn, in order to make full use of the command line.
|
||
|
||
## Start working on your project
|
||
|
||
To work on a git project locally (from your own computer), with the command line,
|
||
first you will need to [clone (copy) it](start-using-git.md#clone-a-repository) to
|
||
your computer.
|
||
|
||
## Working with files on the command line
|
||
|
||
This section has examples of some basic shell commands that you might find useful.
|
||
For more information, search the web for _bash commands_.
|
||
|
||
Alternatively, you can edit files using your choice of editor (IDE), or the GitLab user
|
||
interface (not locally).
|
||
|
||
### Common commands
|
||
|
||
The list below is not exhaustive, but contains many of the most commonly used commands.
|
||
|
||
| Command | Description |
|
||
|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
|
||
| `cd NAME-OF-DIRECTORY` | Go into a directory to work in it |
|
||
| `cd ..` | Go back one directory |
|
||
| `ls` | List what’s in the current directory |
|
||
| `ls a*` | List what’s in the current directory that starts with `a` |
|
||
| `ls *.md` | List what’s in the current directory that ends with `.md` |
|
||
| `mkdir NAME-OF-YOUR-DIRECTORY` | Create a new directory |
|
||
| `cat README.md` | Display the contents of a [text file you created previously](#create-a-text-file-in-the-current-directory) |
|
||
| `pwd` | Show the current directory |
|
||
| `clear` | Clear the shell window |
|
||
|
||
### Create a text file in the current directory
|
||
|
||
To create a text file from the command line, for example `README.md`, follow these
|
||
steps:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
touch README.md
|
||
nano README.md
|
||
#### ADD YOUR INFORMATION
|
||
#### Press: control + X
|
||
#### Type: Y
|
||
#### Press: enter
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Remove a file or directory
|
||
|
||
It is easy to delete (remove) a file or directory, but be careful:
|
||
|
||
DANGER: **Danger:**
|
||
This will **permanently** delete a file.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
rm NAME-OF-FILE
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
DANGER: **Danger:**
|
||
This will **permanently** delete a directory and **all** of its contents.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
rm -r NAME-OF-DIRECTORY
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### View and Execute commands from history
|
||
|
||
You can view the history of all the commands you executed from the command line,
|
||
and then execute any of them again, if needed.
|
||
|
||
First, list the commands you executed previously:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
history
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then, choose a command from the list and check the number next to the command (`123`,
|
||
for example) . Execute the same full command with:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
!123
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Carry out commands for which the account you are using lacks authority
|
||
|
||
Not all commands can be executed from a basic user account on a computer, you may
|
||
need administrator's rights to execute commands that affect the system, or try to access
|
||
protected data, for example. You can use `sudo` to execute these commands, but you
|
||
will likely be asked for an administrator password.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo RESTRICTED-COMMAND
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
CAUTION: **Caution:**
|
||
Be careful of the commands you run with `sudo`. Certain commands may cause
|
||
damage to your data or system.
|
||
|
||
## Sample Git taskflow
|
||
|
||
If you are completely new to Git, looking through some [sample taskflows](https://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/)
|
||
will help you understand the best practices for using these commands as you work.
|
||
|
||
<!-- ## Troubleshooting
|
||
|
||
Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
|
||
one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's
|
||
important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here.
|
||
This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with
|
||
questions that you know someone might ask.
|
||
|
||
Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`.
|
||
If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place
|
||
but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->
|