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| type | stage | group | info |
|---|---|---|---|
| concepts, howto | Manage | Access | To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#designated-technical-writers |
Personal access tokens
- Introduced in GitLab 8.8.
- Notifications about expiring tokens added in GitLab 12.6.
- Token lifetime limits added in GitLab Ultimate 12.6.
If you're unable to use OAuth2, you can use a personal access token to authenticate with the GitLab API.
You can also use personal access tokens with Git to authenticate over HTTP or SSH. Personal access tokens are required when Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is enabled. In both cases, you can authenticate with a token in place of your password.
Personal access tokens expire on the date you define, at midnight UTC.
- GitLab runs a check at 01:00 AM UTC every day to identify personal access tokens that will expire in under seven days. The owners of these tokens are notified by email.
- In GitLab Ultimate, administrators may limit the lifetime of personal access tokens.
- In GitLab Ultimate, administrators may toggle enforcement of personal access token expiry.
For examples of how you can use a personal access token to authenticate with the API, see the following section from our API Docs.
GitLab also offers impersonation tokens which are created by administrators via the API. They're a great fit for automated authentication as a specific user.
Creating a personal access token
You can create as many personal access tokens as you like from your GitLab profile.
- Log in to GitLab.
- In the upper-right corner, click your avatar and select Settings.
- On the User Settings menu, select Access Tokens.
- Choose a name and optional expiry date for the token.
- Choose the desired scopes.
- Click the Create personal access token button.
- Save the personal access token somewhere safe. Once you leave or refresh the page, you won't be able to access it again.
Revoking a personal access token
At any time, you can revoke any personal access token by clicking the respective Revoke button under the Active Personal Access Token area.
Token activity
You can see when a token was last used from the Personal Access Tokens page. Updates to the token usage is fixed at once per 24 hours. Requests to API resources and the GraphQL API will update a token's usage.
Limiting scopes of a personal access token
Personal access tokens can be created with one or more scopes that allow various actions that a given token can perform. The available scopes are depicted in the following table.
| Scope | Introduced in | Description |
|---|---|---|
read_user |
GitLab 8.15 | Allows access to the read-only endpoints under /users. Essentially, any of the GET requests in the Users API are allowed. |
api |
GitLab 8.15 | Grants complete read/write access to the API, including all groups and projects, the container registry, and the package registry. |
read_api |
GitLab 12.10 | Grants read access to the API, including all groups and projects, the container registry, and the package registry. |
read_registry |
GitLab 9.3 | Allows to read (pull) container registry images if a project is private and authorization is required. |
sudo |
GitLab 10.2 | Allows performing API actions as any user in the system (if the authenticated user is an admin). |
read_repository |
GitLab 10.7 | Allows read-only access (pull) to the repository through git clone. |
write_repository |
GitLab 11.11 | Allows read-write access (pull, push) to the repository through git clone. Required for accessing Git repositories over HTTP when 2FA is enabled. |
Programmatically creating a personal access token
You can programmatically create a predetermined personal access token for use in automation or tests. You will need sufficient access to run a Rails console session for your GitLab instance.
To create a token belonging to a user with username automation-bot, run the
following in the Rails console (sudo gitlab-rails console):
user = User.find_by_username('automation-bot')
token = user.personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token')
token.set_token('token-string-here123')
token.save!
This can be shortened into a single-line shell command using the GitLab Rails Runner:
sudo gitlab-rails runner "token = User.find_by_username('automation-bot').personal_access_tokens.create(scopes: [:read_user, :read_repository], name: 'Automation token'); token.set_token('token-string-here123'); token.save!"
NOTE: Note: The token string must be 20 characters in length, or it will not be recognized as a personal access token.
The list of valid scopes and what they do can be found in the source code.
Programmatically revoking a personal access token
You can programmatically revoke a personal access token. You will need sufficient access to run a Rails console session for your GitLab instance.
To revoke a known token token-string-here123, run the following in the Rails
console (sudo gitlab-rails console):
token = PersonalAccessToken.find_by_token('token-string-here123')
token.revoke!
This can be shorted into a single-line shell command using the GitLab Rails Runner:
sudo gitlab-rails runner "PersonalAccessToken.find_by_token('token-string-here123').revoke!"