debian-mirror-gitlab/doc/ci/cloud_services/azure/index.md

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stage: Verify
group: Pipeline Security
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# Configure OpenID Connect in Azure to retrieve temporary credentials **(FREE)**

WARNING:
`CI_JOB_JWT_V2` was [deprecated in GitLab 15.9](../../../update/deprecations.md#old-versions-of-json-web-tokens-are-deprecated)
and is scheduled to be removed in GitLab 16.5. Use [ID tokens](../../yaml/index.md#id_tokens) instead.

This tutorial demonstrates how to use a JSON web token (JWT) in a GitLab CI/CD job
to retrieve temporary credentials from Azure without needing to store secrets.

To get started, configure OpenID Connect (OIDC) for identity federation between GitLab and Azure.
For more information on using OIDC with GitLab, read [Connect to cloud services](../index.md).

Azure [does not support wildcard matching for subjects of a conditional role](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/346737#note_836584745).
A separate credential configuration must be created for each branch that needs to access Azure.

Prerequisites:

- Access to an existing Azure Subscription with `Owner` access level.
- Access to the corresponding Azure Active Directory Tenant with at least the `Application Developer` access level.
- A local installation of the [Azure CLI](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli).
  Alternatively, you can follow all the steps below with the [Azure Cloud Shell](https://portal.azure.com/#cloudshell/).
- A GitLab project.

To complete this tutorial:

1. [Create Azure AD application and service principal](#create-azure-ad-application-and-service-principal).
1. [Create Azure AD federated identity credentials](#create-azure-ad-federated-identity-credentials).
1. [Grant permissions for the service principal](#grant-permissions-for-the-service-principal).
1. [Retrieve a temporary credential](#retrieve-a-temporary-credential).

For more information, review Azure's documentation on [Workload identity federation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/workload-identity-federation).

## Create Azure AD application and service principal

To create an [Azure AD application](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/app?view=azure-cli-latest#az-ad-app-create)
and service principal:

1. In the Azure CLI, create the AD application:

   ```shell
   appId=$(az ad app create --display-name gitlab-oidc --query appId -otsv)
   ```

   Save the `appId` (Application client ID) output, as you need it later
   to configure your GitLab CI/CD pipeline.

1. Create a corresponding [Service Principal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/sp?view=azure-cli-latest#az-ad-sp-create):

   ```shell
   az ad sp create --id $appId --query appId -otsv
   ```

Instead of the Azure CLI, you can [use the Azure Portal to create these resources](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/howto-create-service-principal-portal).

## Create Azure AD federated identity credentials

To create the federated identity credentials for the above Azure AD application:

```shell
objectId=$(az ad app show --id $appId --query id -otsv)

cat <<EOF > body.json
{
  "name": "gitlab-federated-identity",
  "issuer": "https://gitlab.example.com",
  "subject": "project_path:<mygroup>/<myproject>:ref_type:branch:ref:<branch>",
  "description": "GitLab service account federated identity",
  "audiences": [
    "https://gitlab.example.com"
  ]
}
EOF

az rest --method POST --uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/applications/$objectId/federatedIdentityCredentials" --body @body.json
```

For issues related to the values of `issuer`, `subject` or `audiences`, see the
[troubleshooting](#troubleshooting) details.

Optionally, you can now verify the Azure AD application and the Azure AD federated
identity credentials from the Azure Portal:

1. Open the [Azure Active Directory App Registration](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/~/RegisteredApps)
   view and select the appropriate app registration by searching for the display name `gitlab-oidc`.
1. On the overview page you can verify details like the `Application (client) ID`,
   `Object ID`, and `Tenant ID`.
1. Under `Certificates & secrets`, go to `Federated credentials` to review your
   Azure AD federated identity credentials.

## Grant permissions for the service principal

After you create the credentials, use [`role assignment`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/role/assignment?view=azure-cli-latest#az-role-assignment-create)
to grant permissions to the above service principal to access to Azure resources:

```shell
az role assignment create --assignee $appId --role Reader --scope /subscriptions/<subscription-id>
```

You can find your subscription ID in:

- The [Azure Portal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-portal/get-subscription-tenant-id#find-your-azure-subscription).
- The [Azure CLI](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/manage-azure-subscriptions-azure-cli#get-the-active-subscription).

## Retrieve a temporary credential

After you configure the Azure AD application and federated identity credentials,
the CI/CD job can retrieve a temporary credential by using the [Azure CLI](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/reference-index?view=azure-cli-latest#az-login):

```yaml
default:
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/azure-cli:latest

variables:
  AZURE_CLIENT_ID: "<client-id>"
  AZURE_TENANT_ID: "<tenant-id>"

auth:
  script:
    - az login --service-principal -u $AZURE_CLIENT_ID -t $AZURE_TENANT_ID --federated-token $CI_JOB_JWT_V2
    - az account show
```

The CI/CD variables are:

- `AZURE_CLIENT_ID`: The [application client ID you saved earlier](#create-azure-ad-application-and-service-principal).
- `AZURE_TENANT_ID`: Your Azure Active Directory. You can
  [find it by using the Azure CLI or Azure Portal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/active-directory-how-to-find-tenant).
- `CI_JOB_JWT_V2`: The JSON web token is a [predefined CI/CD variable](../../variables/predefined_variables.md).

## Troubleshooting

### "No matching federated identity record found"

If you receive the error `ERROR: AADSTS70021: No matching federated identity record found for presented assertion.`
you should verify:

- The `Issuer` defined in the Azure AD federated identity credentials, for example
  `https://gitlab.com` or your own GitLab URL.
- The `Subject identifier` defined in the Azure AD federated identity credentials,
  for example `project_path:<mygroup>/<myproject>:ref_type:branch:ref:<branch>`.
  - For the `gitlab-group/gitlab-project` project and `main` branch it would be:
    `project_path:gitlab-group/gitlab-project:ref_type:branch:ref:main`.
  - The correct values of `mygroup` and `myproject` can be retrieved by checking the URL
    when accessing your GitLab project or by selecting the **Clone** option in the project.
- The `Audience` defined in the Azure AD federated identity credentials, for example `https://gitlab.com`
  or your own GitLab URL.

You can review these settings, as well as your `AZURE_CLIENT_ID` and `AZURE_TENANT_ID`
CI/CD variables, from the Azure Portal:

1. Open the [Azure Active Directory App Registration](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/~/RegisteredApps)
   view and select the appropriate app registration by searching for the display name `gitlab-oidc`.
1. On the overview page you can verify details like the `Application (client) ID`,
   `Object ID`, and `Tenant ID`.
1. Under `Certificates & secrets`, go to `Federated credentials` to review your
   Azure AD federated identity credentials.

Review [Connect to cloud services](../index.md) for further details.