166 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
166 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Verify
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group: Pipeline Execution
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# GitLab CI/CD job token **(FREE)**
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When a pipeline job is about to run, GitLab generates a unique token and injects it as the
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[`CI_JOB_TOKEN` predefined variable](../variables/predefined_variables.md).
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You can use a GitLab CI/CD job token to authenticate with specific API endpoints:
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- Packages:
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- [Package Registry](../../user/packages/package_registry/index.md#use-gitlab-cicd-to-build-packages).
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- [Packages API](../../api/packages.md) (project-level).
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- [Container Registry](../../user/packages/container_registry/index.md#build-and-push-by-using-gitlab-cicd)
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(the `$CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD` is `$CI_JOB_TOKEN`).
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- [Container Registry API](../../api/container_registry.md)
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(scoped to the job's project, when the `ci_job_token_scope` feature flag is enabled).
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- [Get job artifacts](../../api/job_artifacts.md#get-job-artifacts).
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- [Get job token's job](../../api/jobs.md#get-job-tokens-job).
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- [Pipeline triggers](../../api/pipeline_triggers.md), using the `token=` parameter
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to [trigger a multi-project pipeline](../pipelines/downstream_pipelines.md#trigger-a-multi-project-pipeline-by-using-the-api).
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- [Releases](../../api/releases/index.md) and [Release links](../../api/releases/links.md).
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- [Terraform plan](../../user/infrastructure/index.md).
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The token has the same permissions to access the API as the user that caused the
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job to run. A user can cause a job to run by taking action like pushing a commit,
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triggering a manual job, or being the owner of a scheduled pipeline. Therefore, this user must be assigned to
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[a role that has the required privileges](../../user/permissions.md#gitlab-cicd-permissions).
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The token is valid only while the pipeline job runs. After the job finishes, you can't
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use the token anymore.
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A job token can access a project's resources without any configuration, but it might
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give extra permissions that aren't necessary. There is [a proposal](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/3559)
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to redesign the feature for more strategic control of the access permissions.
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You can also use the job token to authenticate and clone a repository from a private project
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in a CI/CD job:
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```shell
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git clone https://gitlab-ci-token:${CI_JOB_TOKEN}@gitlab.example.com/<namespace>/<project>
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```
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## GitLab CI/CD job token security
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To make sure that this token doesn't leak, GitLab:
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- Masks the job token in job logs.
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- Grants permissions to the job token only when the job is running.
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To make sure that this token doesn't leak, you should also configure
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your [runners](../runners/index.md) to be secure. Avoid:
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- Using Docker's `privileged` mode if the machines are re-used.
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- Using the [`shell` executor](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/executors/shell.html) when jobs
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run on the same machine.
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If you have an insecure GitLab Runner configuration, you increase the risk that someone
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tries to steal tokens from other jobs.
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## Limit GitLab CI/CD job token access
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/328553) in GitLab 14.1. [Deployed behind the `:ci_scoped_job_token` feature flag](../../user/feature_flags.md), disabled by default.
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> - [Enabled on GitLab.com and self-managed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/332272) in GitLab 14.4.
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> - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/332272) in GitLab 14.6.
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You can limit the access scope of a project's CI/CD job token to increase the
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job token's security. A job token might give extra permissions that aren't necessary
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to access specific private resources.
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If a job token is leaked it could potentially be used to access data that is private
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to the job token's user. By limiting the job token access scope, private data cannot
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be accessed unless projects are explicitly authorized.
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Control the job token access scope with an allowlist of other projects authorized
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to be accessed by authenticating with the current project's job token. By default
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the token scope only allows access to the same project where the token comes from.
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Other projects can be added and removed by maintainers with access to both projects.
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This setting is disabled by default for all new projects. It is recommended that project maintainers or owners enable this
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setting at all times, and configure the allowlist for cross-project access if needed.
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For example, when the setting is enabled, jobs in a pipeline in project `A` have
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a `CI_JOB_TOKEN` scope limited to project `A`. If the job needs to use the token
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to make an API request to a private project `B`, then `B` must be added to the allowlist for `A`.
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If project `B` is public or internal, it's not required to be added to the allowlist.
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The job token scope is only for controlling access to private projects.
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### Configure the job token scope limit
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1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > CI/CD**.
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1. Expand **Token Access**.
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1. Toggle **Limit CI_JOB_TOKEN access** to enabled.
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1. Optional. Add existing projects to the token's access scope. The user adding a
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project must have the Maintainer role in both projects.
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There is [a proposal](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/3559) to improve
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the feature with more strategic control of the access permissions.
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## Download an artifact from a different pipeline **(PREMIUM)**
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> `CI_JOB_TOKEN` for artifacts download with the API was [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/2346) in GitLab 9.5.
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You can use the `CI_JOB_TOKEN` to access artifacts from a job created by a previous
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pipeline. You must specify which job you want to retrieve the artifacts from:
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```yaml
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build_submodule:
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stage: test
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script:
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- apt update && apt install -y unzip
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- curl --location --output artifacts.zip "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/1/jobs/artifacts/main/download?job=test&job_token=$CI_JOB_TOKEN"
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- unzip artifacts.zip
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```
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Read more about the [jobs artifacts API](../../api/job_artifacts.md#download-the-artifacts-archive).
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## Troubleshooting
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CI job token failures are usually shown as responses like `404 Not Found` or similar:
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- Unauthorized Git clone:
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```plaintext
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$ git clone https://gitlab-ci-token:$CI_JOB_TOKEN@gitlab.com/fabiopitino/test2.git
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Cloning into 'test2'...
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remote: The project you were looking for could not be found or you don't have permission to view it.
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fatal: repository 'https://gitlab-ci-token:[MASKED]@gitlab.com/<namespace>/<project>.git/' not found
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```
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- Unauthorized package download:
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```plaintext
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$ wget --header="JOB-TOKEN: $CI_JOB_TOKEN" ${CI_API_V4_URL}/projects/1234/packages/generic/my_package/0.0.1/file.txt
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--2021-09-23 11:00:13-- https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/1234/packages/generic/my_package/0.0.1/file.txt
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Resolving gitlab.com (gitlab.com)... 172.65.251.78, 2606:4700:90:0:f22e:fbec:5bed:a9b9
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Connecting to gitlab.com (gitlab.com)|172.65.251.78|:443... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
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2021-09-23 11:00:13 ERROR 404: Not Found.
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```
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- Unauthorized API request:
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```plaintext
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$ curl --verbose --request POST --form "token=$CI_JOB_TOKEN" --form ref=master "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/1234/trigger/pipeline"
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< HTTP/2 404
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< date: Thu, 23 Sep 2021 11:00:12 GMT
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{"message":"404 Not Found"}
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< content-type: application/json
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```
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While troubleshooting CI/CD job token authentication issues, be aware that:
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- When the [CI/CD job token limit](#limit-gitlab-cicd-job-token-access) is enabled,
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and the job token is being used to access a different project:
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- The user that executes the job must be a member of the project that is being accessed.
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- The user must have the [permissions](../../user/permissions.md) to perform the action.
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- The target project must be [allowlisted for the job token scope limit](#configure-the-job-token-scope-limit).
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- The CI job token becomes invalid if the job is no longer running, has been erased,
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or if the project is in the process of being deleted.
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