500 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
500 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# GitLab API
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Automate GitLab via a simple and powerful API. All definitions can be found
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under [`/lib/api`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/lib/api).
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## Resources
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Documentation for various API resources can be found separately in the
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following locations:
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- [Award Emoji](award_emoji.md)
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- [Branches](branches.md)
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- [Broadcast Messages](broadcast_messages.md)
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- [Project-level Variables](project_level_variables.md)
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- [Group-level Variables](group_level_variables.md)
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- [Commits](commits.md)
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- [Custom Attributes](custom_attributes.md)
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- [Deployments](deployments.md)
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- [Deploy Keys](deploy_keys.md)
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- [Environments](environments.md)
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- [Events](events.md)
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- [Feature flags](features.md)
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- [Gitignores templates](templates/gitignores.md)
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- [GitLab CI Config templates](templates/gitlab_ci_ymls.md)
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- [Groups](groups.md)
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- [Group Access Requests](access_requests.md)
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- [Group Badges](group_badges.md)
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- [Group Members](members.md)
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- [Issues](issues.md)
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- [Issue Boards](boards.md)
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- [Group Issue Boards](group_boards.md)
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- [Jobs](jobs.md)
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- [Keys](keys.md)
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- [Labels](labels.md)
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- [Merge Requests](merge_requests.md)
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- [Project milestones](milestones.md)
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- [Group milestones](group_milestones.md)
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- [Namespaces](namespaces.md)
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- [Notes](notes.md) (comments)
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- [Discussions](discussions.md) (threaded comments)
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- [Notification settings](notification_settings.md)
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- [Open source license templates](templates/licenses.md)
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- [Pages Domains](pages_domains.md)
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- [Pipelines](pipelines.md)
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- [Pipeline Triggers](pipeline_triggers.md)
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- [Pipeline Schedules](pipeline_schedules.md)
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- [Projects](projects.md) including setting Webhooks
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- [Project Access Requests](access_requests.md)
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- [Project Badges](project_badges.md)
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- [Project import/export](project_import_export.md)
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- [Project Members](members.md)
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- [Project Snippets](project_snippets.md)
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- [Protected Branches](protected_branches.md)
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- [Repositories](repositories.md)
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- [Repository Files](repository_files.md)
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- [Runners](runners.md)
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- [Search](search.md)
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- [Services](services.md)
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- [Settings](settings.md)
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- [Sidekiq metrics](sidekiq_metrics.md)
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- [System Hooks](system_hooks.md)
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- [Tags](tags.md)
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- [Todos](todos.md)
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- [Users](users.md)
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- [Validate CI configuration](lint.md)
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- [V3 to V4](v3_to_v4.md)
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- [Version](version.md)
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- [Wikis](wikis.md)
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## Road to GraphQL
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Going forward, we will start on moving to
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[GraphQL](http://graphql.org/learn/best-practices/) and deprecate the use of
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controller-specific endpoints. GraphQL has a number of benefits:
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1. We avoid having to maintain two different APIs.
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2. Callers of the API can request only what they need.
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3. It is versioned by default.
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It will co-exist with the current v4 REST API. If we have a v5 API, this should
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be a compatibility layer on top of GraphQL.
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Although there were some patenting and licensing concerns with GraphQL, these
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have been resolved to our satisfaction by the relicensing of the reference
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implementations under MIT, and the use of the OWF license for the GraphQL
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specification.
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## Basic usage
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API requests should be prefixed with `api` and the API version. The API version
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is defined in [`lib/api.rb`][lib-api-url]. For example, the root of the v4 API
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is at `/api/v4`.
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Example of a valid API request using cURL:
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```shell
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curl "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects"
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```
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The API uses JSON to serialize data. You don't need to specify `.json` at the
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end of an API URL.
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## Authentication
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Most API requests require authentication, or will only return public data when
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authentication is not provided. For
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those cases where it is not required, this will be mentioned in the documentation
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for each individual endpoint. For example, the [`/projects/:id` endpoint](projects.md).
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There are three ways to authenticate with the GitLab API:
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1. [OAuth2 tokens](#oauth2-tokens)
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1. [Personal access tokens](#personal-access-tokens)
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1. [Session cookie](#session-cookie)
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For admins who want to authenticate with the API as a specific user, or who want to build applications or scripts that do so, two options are available:
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1. [Impersonation tokens](#impersonation-tokens)
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2. [Sudo](#sudo)
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If authentication information is invalid or omitted, an error message will be
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returned with status code `401`:
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```json
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{
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"message": "401 Unauthorized"
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}
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```
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### OAuth2 tokens
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You can use an [OAuth2 token](oauth2.md) to authenticate with the API by passing it in either the
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`access_token` parameter or the `Authorization` header.
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Example of using the OAuth2 token in a parameter:
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```shell
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curl https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects?access_token=OAUTH-TOKEN
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```
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Example of using the OAuth2 token in a header:
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```shell
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curl --header "Authorization: Bearer OAUTH-TOKEN" https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects
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```
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Read more about [GitLab as an OAuth2 provider](oauth2.md).
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### Personal access tokens
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You can use a [personal access token][pat] to authenticate with the API by passing it in either the
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`private_token` parameter or the `Private-Token` header.
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Example of using the personal access token in a parameter:
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```shell
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curl https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects?private_token=9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK
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```
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Example of using the personal access token in a header:
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```shell
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curl --header "Private-Token: 9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK" https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects
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```
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Read more about [personal access tokens][pat].
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### Session cookie
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When signing in to the main GitLab application, a `_gitlab_session` cookie is
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set. The API will use this cookie for authentication if it is present, but using
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the API to generate a new session cookie is currently not supported.
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The primary user of this authentication method is the web frontend of GitLab itself,
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which can use the API as the authenticated user to get a list of their projects,
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for example, without needing to explicitly pass an access token.
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### Impersonation tokens
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> [Introduced][ce-9099] in GitLab 9.0. Needs admin permissions.
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Impersonation tokens are a type of [personal access token][pat]
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that can only be created by an admin for a specific user. They are a great fit
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if you want to build applications or scripts that authenticate with the API as a specific user.
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They are an alternative to directly using the user's password or one of their
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personal access tokens, and to using the [Sudo](#sudo) feature, since the user's (or admin's, in the case of Sudo)
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password/token may not be known or may change over time.
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For more information, refer to the
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[users API](users.md#retrieve-user-impersonation-tokens) docs.
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Impersonation tokens are used exactly like regular personal access tokens, and can be passed in either the
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`private_token` parameter or the `Private-Token` header.
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### Sudo
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> Needs admin permissions.
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All API requests support performing an API call as if you were another user,
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provided you are authenticated as an administrator with an OAuth or Personal Access Token that has the `sudo` scope.
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You need to pass the `sudo` parameter either via query string or a header with an ID/username of
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the user you want to perform the operation as. If passed as a header, the
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header name must be `Sudo`.
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If a non administrative access token is provided, an error message will
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be returned with status code `403`:
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```json
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{
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"message": "403 Forbidden - Must be admin to use sudo"
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}
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```
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If an access token without the `sudo` scope is provided, an error message will
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be returned with status code `403`:
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```json
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{
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"error": "insufficient_scope",
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"error_description": "The request requires higher privileges than provided by the access token.",
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"scope": "sudo"
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}
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```
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If the sudo user ID or username cannot be found, an error message will be
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returned with status code `404`:
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```json
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{
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"message": "404 User with ID or username '123' Not Found"
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}
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```
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---
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Example of a valid API call and a request using cURL with sudo request,
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providing a username:
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```
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GET /projects?private_token=9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK&sudo=username
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```
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```shell
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curl --header "Private-Token: 9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK" --header "Sudo: username" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects"
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```
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Example of a valid API call and a request using cURL with sudo request,
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providing an ID:
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```
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GET /projects?private_token=9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK&sudo=23
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```
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```shell
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curl --header "Private-Token: 9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK" --header "Sudo: 23" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects"
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```
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## Status codes
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The API is designed to return different status codes according to context and
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action. This way, if a request results in an error, the caller is able to get
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insight into what went wrong.
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The following table gives an overview of how the API functions generally behave.
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| Request type | Description |
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| ------------ | ----------- |
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| `GET` | Access one or more resources and return the result as JSON. |
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| `POST` | Return `201 Created` if the resource is successfully created and return the newly created resource as JSON. |
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| `GET` / `PUT` | Return `200 OK` if the resource is accessed or modified successfully. The (modified) result is returned as JSON. |
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| `DELETE` | Returns `204 No Content` if the resuource was deleted successfully. |
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The following table shows the possible return codes for API requests.
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| Return values | Description |
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| ------------- | ----------- |
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| `200 OK` | The `GET`, `PUT` or `DELETE` request was successful, the resource(s) itself is returned as JSON. |
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| `204 No Content` | The server has successfully fulfilled the request and that there is no additional content to send in the response payload body. |
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| `201 Created` | The `POST` request was successful and the resource is returned as JSON. |
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| `304 Not Modified` | Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the last request. |
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| `400 Bad Request` | A required attribute of the API request is missing, e.g., the title of an issue is not given. |
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| `401 Unauthorized` | The user is not authenticated, a valid [user token](#authentication) is necessary. |
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| `403 Forbidden` | The request is not allowed, e.g., the user is not allowed to delete a project. |
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| `404 Not Found` | A resource could not be accessed, e.g., an ID for a resource could not be found. |
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| `405 Method Not Allowed` | The request is not supported. |
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| `409 Conflict` | A conflicting resource already exists, e.g., creating a project with a name that already exists. |
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| `412` | Indicates the request was denied. May happen if the `If-Unmodified-Since` header is provided when trying to delete a resource, which was modified in between. |
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| `422 Unprocessable` | The entity could not be processed. |
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| `500 Server Error` | While handling the request something went wrong server-side. |
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## Pagination
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Sometimes the returned result will span across many pages. When listing
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resources you can pass the following parameters:
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| Parameter | Description |
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| --------- | ----------- |
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| `page` | Page number (default: `1`) |
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| `per_page`| Number of items to list per page (default: `20`, max: `100`) |
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In the example below, we list 50 [namespaces](namespaces.md) per page.
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```bash
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curl --request PUT --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: 9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/namespaces?per_page=50
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```
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### Pagination Link header
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[Link headers](http://www.w3.org/wiki/LinkHeader) are sent back with each
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response. They have `rel` set to prev/next/first/last and contain the relevant
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URL. Please use these links instead of generating your own URLs.
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In the cURL example below, we limit the output to 3 items per page (`per_page=3`)
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and we request the second page (`page=2`) of [comments](notes.md) of the issue
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with ID `8` which belongs to the project with ID `8`:
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```bash
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curl --head --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: 9koXpg98eAheJpvBs5tK" https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/8/issues/8/notes?per_page=3&page=2
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```
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The response will then be:
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```
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Cache-Control: no-cache
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Content-Length: 1103
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Content-Type: application/json
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Date: Mon, 18 Jan 2016 09:43:18 GMT
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Link: <https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/8/issues/8/notes?page=1&per_page=3>; rel="prev", <https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/8/issues/8/notes?page=3&per_page=3>; rel="next", <https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/8/issues/8/notes?page=1&per_page=3>; rel="first", <https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/8/issues/8/notes?page=3&per_page=3>; rel="last"
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Status: 200 OK
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Vary: Origin
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X-Next-Page: 3
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X-Page: 2
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X-Per-Page: 3
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X-Prev-Page: 1
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X-Request-Id: 732ad4ee-9870-4866-a199-a9db0cde3c86
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X-Runtime: 0.108688
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X-Total: 8
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X-Total-Pages: 3
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```
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### Other pagination headers
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Additional pagination headers are also sent back.
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| Header | Description |
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| ------ | ----------- |
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| `X-Total` | The total number of items |
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| `X-Total-Pages` | The total number of pages |
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| `X-Per-Page` | The number of items per page |
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| `X-Page` | The index of the current page (starting at 1) |
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| `X-Next-Page` | The index of the next page |
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| `X-Prev-Page` | The index of the previous page |
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## Namespaced path encoding
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If using namespaced API calls, make sure that the `NAMESPACE/PROJECT_NAME` is
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URL-encoded.
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For example, `/` is represented by `%2F`:
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```
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GET /api/v4/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora
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```
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## Branches & tags name encoding
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If your branch or tag contains a `/`, make sure the branch/tag name is
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URL-encoded.
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For example, `/` is represented by `%2F`:
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```
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GET /api/v4/projects/1/branches/my%2Fbranch/commits
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```
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## `id` vs `iid`
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When you work with the API, you may notice two similar fields in API entities:
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`id` and `iid`. The main difference between them is scope.
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For example, an issue might have `id: 46` and `iid: 5`.
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| Parameter | Description |
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| --------- | ----------- |
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| `id` | Is unique across all issues and is used for any API call |
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| `iid` | Is unique only in scope of a single project. When you browse issues or merge requests with the Web UI, you see the `iid` |
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That means that if you want to get an issue via the API you should use the `id`:
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```
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GET /projects/42/issues/:id
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```
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On the other hand, if you want to create a link to a web page you should use
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the `iid`:
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```
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GET /projects/42/issues/:iid
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```
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## Data validation and error reporting
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When working with the API you may encounter validation errors, in which case
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the API will answer with an HTTP `400` status.
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Such errors appear in two cases:
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- A required attribute of the API request is missing, e.g., the title of an
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issue is not given
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- An attribute did not pass the validation, e.g., user bio is too long
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When an attribute is missing, you will get something like:
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```
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HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"message":"400 (Bad request) \"title\" not given"
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}
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```
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When a validation error occurs, error messages will be different. They will
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hold all details of validation errors:
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```
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HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"message": {
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"bio": [
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"is too long (maximum is 255 characters)"
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]
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}
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}
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```
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This makes error messages more machine-readable. The format can be described as
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follows:
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```json
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{
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"message": {
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"<property-name>": [
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"<error-message>",
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"<error-message>",
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...
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],
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"<embed-entity>": {
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"<property-name>": [
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"<error-message>",
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"<error-message>",
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...
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],
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## Unknown route
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When you try to access an API URL that does not exist you will receive 404 Not Found.
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```
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HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"error": "404 Not Found"
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}
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```
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## Encoding `+` in ISO 8601 dates
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If you need to include a `+` in a query parameter, you may need to use `%2B` instead due
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a [W3 recommendation](http://www.w3.org/Addressing/URL/4_URI_Recommentations.html) that
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causes a `+` to be interpreted as a space. For example, in an ISO 8601 date, you may want to pass
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a time in Mountain Standard Time, such as:
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```
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2017-10-17T23:11:13.000+05:30
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```
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The correct encoding for the query parameter would be:
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```
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2017-10-17T23:11:13.000%2B05:30
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```
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## Clients
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There are many unofficial GitLab API Clients for most of the popular
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programming languages. Visit the [GitLab website] for a complete list.
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[GitLab website]: https://about.gitlab.com/applications/#api-clients "Clients using the GitLab API"
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[lib-api-url]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/lib/api/api.rb
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[ce-3749]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/3749
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[ce-5951]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5951
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[ce-9099]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/9099
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[pat]: ../user/profile/personal_access_tokens.md
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