127 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
127 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
# Custom server-side Git hooks
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NOTE: **Note:**
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Custom Git hooks must be configured on the filesystem of the GitLab
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server. Only GitLab server administrators will be able to complete these tasks.
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Please explore [webhooks] and [CI] as an option if you do not
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have filesystem access. For a user configurable Git hook interface, see
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[Push Rules](../push_rules/push_rules.md),
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available in GitLab Enterprise Edition.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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Custom Git hooks won't be replicated to secondary nodes if you use [GitLab Geo](geo/replication/index.md)
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Git natively supports hooks that are executed on different actions.
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Examples of server-side Git hooks include pre-receive, post-receive, and update.
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See [Git SCM Server-Side Hooks][hooks] for more information about each hook type.
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As of GitLab Shell version 2.2.0 (which requires GitLab 7.5+), GitLab
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administrators can add custom Git hooks to any GitLab project.
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## Create a custom Git hook for a repository
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Server-side Git hooks are typically placed in the repository's `hooks`
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subdirectory. In GitLab, hook directories are symlinked to the GitLab Shell
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`hooks` directory for ease of maintenance between GitLab Shell upgrades.
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Custom hooks are implemented differently, but the behavior is exactly the same
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once the hook is created. Follow the steps below to set up a custom hook for a
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repository:
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1. Pick a project that needs a custom Git hook.
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1. On the GitLab server, navigate to the project's repository directory.
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For an installation from source the path is usually
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`/home/git/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`. For Omnibus installs the path is
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usually `/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`.
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1. Create a new directory in this location called `custom_hooks`.
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1. Inside the new `custom_hooks` directory, create a file with a name matching
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the hook type. For a pre-receive hook the file name should be `pre-receive`
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with no extension.
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1. Make the hook file executable and make sure it's owned by Git.
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1. Write the code to make the Git hook function as expected. Hooks can be
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in any language. Ensure the 'shebang' at the top properly reflects the language
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type. For example, if the script is in Ruby the shebang will probably be
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`#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.
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That's it! Assuming the hook code is properly implemented the hook will fire
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as appropriate.
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## Set a global Git hook for all repositories
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To create a Git hook that applies to all of your repositories in
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your instance, set a global Git hook. Since all the repositories' `hooks`
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directories are symlinked to GitLab Shell's `hooks` directory, adding any hook
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to the GitLab Shell `hooks` directory will also apply it to all repositories. Follow
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the steps below to properly set up a custom hook for all repositories:
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1. On the GitLab server, navigate to the configured custom hook directory. The
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default is in the GitLab Shell directory. The GitLab Shell `hook` directory
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for an installation from source the path is usually
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`/home/git/gitlab-shell/hooks`. For Omnibus installs the path is usually
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`/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks`.
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To look in a different directory for the global custom hooks,
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set `custom_hooks_dir` in the GitLab Shell config. For
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Omnibus installations, this can be set in `gitlab.rb`; and in source
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installations, this can be set in `gitlab-shell/config.yml`.
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1. Create a new directory in this location. Depending on your hook, it will be
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either a `pre-receive.d`, `post-receive.d`, or `update.d` directory.
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1. Inside this new directory, add your hook. Hooks can be
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in any language. Ensure the 'shebang' at the top properly reflects the language
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type. For example, if the script is in Ruby the shebang will probably be
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`#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.
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1. Make the hook file executable and make sure it's owned by Git.
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Now test the hook to see that it's functioning properly.
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## Chained hooks support
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> [Introduced][93] in GitLab Shell 4.1.0 and GitLab 8.15.
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Hooks can be also global or be set per project directories and support a chained
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execution of the hooks.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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`<hook_name>.d` would need to be either `pre-receive.d`,
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`post-receive.d`, or `update.d` to work properly. Any other names will be ignored.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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Files in `.d` directories need to be executable and not match the backup file
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pattern (`*~`).
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The hooks are searched and executed in this order:
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1. `gitlab-shell/hooks` directory as known to Gitaly
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1. `<project>.git/hooks/<hook_name>` - executed by `git` itself, this is symlinked to `gitlab-shell/hooks/<hook_name>`
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1. `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>` - per project hook (this is already existing behavior)
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1. `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>.d/*` - per project hooks
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1. `<project>.git/hooks/<hook_name>.d/*` OR `<custom_hooks_dir>/<hook_name.d>/*` - global hooks: all executable files (minus editor backup files)
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The hooks of the same type are executed in order and execution stops on the
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first script exiting with a non-zero value.
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## Custom error messages
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> [Introduced][5073] in GitLab 8.10.
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To have custom error messages appear in GitLab's UI when the commit is
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declined or an error occurs during the Git hook, your script should:
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- Send the custom error messages to either the script's `stdout` or `stderr`.
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- Prefix each message with `GL-HOOK-ERR:` with no characters appearing before the prefix.
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### Example custom error message
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This hook script written in bash will generate the following message in GitLab's UI:
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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echo "GL-HOOK-ERR: My custom error message.";
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exit 1
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```
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[CI]: ../ci/README.md
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[hooks]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#Server-Side-Hooks
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[webhooks]: ../user/project/integrations/webhooks.md
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[5073]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/merge_requests/5073
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[93]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/merge_requests/93
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