273 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
273 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Create
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group: Source Code
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info: "To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments"
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type: reference
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---
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# Code Owners **(PREMIUM)**
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/6916) in GitLab 11.3.
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> - Code Owners for merge request approvals was [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/4418) in GitLab Premium 11.9.
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> - Moved to GitLab Premium in 13.9.
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Code Owners define who owns specific files or directories in a repository.
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- The users you define as Code Owners are displayed in the UI when you browse directories.
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- You can set your merge requests so they must be approved by Code Owners before merge.
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- You can protect a branch and allow only Code Owners to approve changes to the branch.
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If you don't want to use Code Owners for approvals, you can
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[configure rules](merge_requests/approvals/rules.md) instead.
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## Set up Code Owners
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You can use Code Owners to specify users or [shared groups](members/share_project_with_groups.md)
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that are responsible for specific files and directories in a repository.
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To set up Code Owners:
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1. Choose the location where you want to specify Code Owners:
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- In the root directory of the repository
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- In the `.gitlab/` directory
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- In the `docs/` directory
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1. In that location, create a file named `CODEOWNERS`.
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1. In the file, enter text that follows one of these patterns:
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```plaintext
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# Code Owners for a file
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filename @username1 @username2
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# Code Owners for a directory
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directoryname/ @username1 @username2
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# All group members as Code Owners for a file
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filename @groupname
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# All group members as Code Owners for a directory
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directoryname/ @groupname
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```
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The Code Owners are now displayed in the UI. They apply to the current branch only.
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Next steps:
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- [Add Code Owners as merge request approvers](merge_requests/approvals/rules.md#code-owners-as-eligible-approvers).
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- Set up [Code Owner approval on a protected branch](protected_branches.md#require-code-owner-approval-on-a-protected-branch).
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## Groups as Code Owners
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/53182) in GitLab 12.1.
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> - Group and subgroup hierarchy support was [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/32432) in GitLab 13.0.
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You can use members of groups and subgroups as Code Owners for a project.
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For example, if you have these groups:
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- **Group X** (`group-x`) with **Project A** in it.
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- **Subgroup Y** (`group-x/subgroup-y`), which belongs to **Group X**, with **Project B** in it.
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The eligible Code Owners:
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- For **Project A** are the members of **Group X** only, because **Project A** doesn't belong to **Subgroup Y**.
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- For **Project B** are the members of both **Group X** and **Subgroup Y**.
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You can [invite](members/share_project_with_groups.md) **Subgroup Y** to **Project A**
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so that their members also become eligible Code Owners.
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If you do not invite **Subgroup Y** to **Project A**, but make them Code Owners, their approval
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of the merge request becomes optional.
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Inviting **Subgroup Y** to a parent group of **Project A**
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[is not supported](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/288851). To set **Subgroup Y** as
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Code Owners, add this group directly to the project itself.
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### Add a group as a Code Owner
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To set a group as a Code Owner:
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In the `CODEOWNERS` file, enter text that follows one of these patterns:
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```plaintext
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# All group members as Code Owners for a file
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file.md @group-x
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# All subgroup members as Code Owners for a file
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file.md @group-x/subgroup-y
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# All group and subgroup members as Code Owners for a file
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file.md @group-x @group-x/subgroup-y
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```
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## When a file matches multiple `CODEOWNERS` entries
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When a file matches multiple entries in the `CODEOWNERS` file,
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the users from last pattern matching the file are used.
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For example, in the following `CODEOWNERS` file:
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```plaintext
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README.md @user1
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# This line would also match the file README.md
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*.md @user2
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```
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The Code Owner for `README.md` would be `@user2`.
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If you use sections, the last user _for each section_ is used.
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Only one CODEOWNERS pattern can match per file path.
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### Organize Code Owners by putting them into sections
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/12137) in GitLab Premium 13.2 behind a feature flag, enabled by default.
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> - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/42389) in GitLab 13.4.
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You can organize Code Owners by putting them into named sections.
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You can use sections for shared directories, so that multiple
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teams can be reviewers.
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To add a section to the `CODEOWNERS` file, enter a section name in brackets,
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followed by the files or directories, and users, groups, or subgroups:
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```plaintext
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[README Owners]
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README.md @user1 @user2
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internal/README.md @user2
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```
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Each Code Owner in the merge request widget is listed under a label.
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The following image shows a **Groups** and **Documentation** section:
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### Sections with duplicate names
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If multiple sections have the same name, they are combined.
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Also, section headings are not case-sensitive. For example:
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```plaintext
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[Documentation]
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ee/docs/ @docs
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docs/ @docs
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[Database]
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README.md @database
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model/db/ @database
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[DOCUMENTATION]
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README.md @docs
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```
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This code results in three entries under the **Documentation** section header, and two
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entries under **Database**. The entries defined under the sections **Documentation** and
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**DOCUMENTATION** are combined, using the case of the first section.
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### Make a Code Owners section optional
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/232995) in GitLab Premium 13.8 behind a feature flag, enabled by default.
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> - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/53227) in GitLab 13.9.
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You can make a section optional, so that approval from the Code Owners in that section is optional.
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Put a caret `^` character before the Code Owners section name. For example:
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```plaintext
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[Documentation]
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*.md @root
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[Ruby]
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*.rb @root
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^[Go]
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*.go @root
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```
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The optional Code Owners section displays in merge requests under the **Approval Rules** area:
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If a section is duplicated in the file, and one of them is marked as optional and the other isn't, the section is required.
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Optional sections in the `CODEOWNERS` file are treated as optional only
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when changes are submitted by using merge requests. If a change is submitted directly
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to the protected branch, approval from Code Owners is still required, even if the
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section is marked as optional. [An issue exists](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/297638)
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to allow direct pushes to the protected branch for sections marked as optional.
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## Example `CODEOWNERS` file
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```plaintext
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# This is an example of a CODEOWNERS file.
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# Lines that start with `#` are ignored.
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# app/ @commented-rule
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# Specify a default Code Owner by using a wildcard:
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* @default-codeowner
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# Specify multiple Code Owners by using a tab or space:
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* @multiple @code @owners
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# Rules defined later in the file take precedence over the rules
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# defined before.
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# For example, for all files with a filename ending in `.rb`:
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*.rb @ruby-owner
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# Files with a `#` can still be accessed by escaping the pound sign:
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\#file_with_pound.rb @owner-file-with-pound
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# Specify multiple Code Owners separated by spaces or tabs.
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# In the following case the CODEOWNERS file from the root of the repo
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# has 3 Code Owners (@multiple @code @owners):
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CODEOWNERS @multiple @code @owners
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# You can use both usernames or email addresses to match
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# users. Everything else is ignored. For example, this code
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# specifies the `@legal` and a user with email `janedoe@gitlab.com` as the
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# owner for the LICENSE file:
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LICENSE @legal this_does_not_match janedoe@gitlab.com
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# Use group names to match groups, and nested groups to specify
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# them as owners for a file:
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README @group @group/with-nested/subgroup
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# End a path in a `/` to specify the Code Owners for every file
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# nested in that directory, on any level:
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/docs/ @all-docs
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# End a path in `/*` to specify Code Owners for every file in
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# a directory, but not nested deeper. This code matches
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# `docs/index.md` but not `docs/projects/index.md`:
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/docs/* @root-docs
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# This code makes matches a `lib` directory nested anywhere in the repository:
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lib/ @lib-owner
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# This code match only a `config` directory in the root of the repository:
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/config/ @config-owner
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# If the path contains spaces, escape them like this:
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path\ with\ spaces/ @space-owner
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# Code Owners section:
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[Documentation]
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ee/docs @docs
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docs @docs
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[Database]
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README.md @database
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model/db @database
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# This section is combined with the previously defined [Documentation] section:
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[DOCUMENTATION]
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README.md @docs
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```
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