234 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
234 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Release
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group: Release
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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description: Require approvals prior to deploying to a Protected Environment
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---
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# Deployment approvals **(PREMIUM)**
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/343864) in GitLab 14.7 with a flag named `deployment_approvals`. Disabled by default.
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> - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/347342) in GitLab 14.8.
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It may be useful to require additional approvals before deploying to certain protected environments (for example, production). This pre-deployment approval requirement is useful to accommodate testing, security, or compliance processes that must happen before each deployment.
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When a protected environment requires one or more approvals, all deployments to that environment become blocked and wait for the required approvals from the `Allowed to Deploy` list before running.
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NOTE:
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See the [epic](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/6832) for planned features.
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## Requirements
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- Basic knowledge of [GitLab Environments and Deployments](index.md).
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- Basic knowledge of [Protected Environments](protected_environments.md).
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## Configure deployment approvals for a project
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To configure deployment approvals for a project:
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1. [Create a deployment job](#create-a-deployment-job).
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1. [Require approvals for a protected environment](#require-approvals-for-a-protected-environment).
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### Create a deployment job
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Create a deployment job in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file of the desired project. The job does **not** need to be manual (`when: manual`).
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Example:
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```yaml
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stages:
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- deploy
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production:
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stage: deploy
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script:
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- 'echo "Deploying to ${CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME}"'
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environment:
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name: ${CI_JOB_NAME}
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```
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### Require approvals for a protected environment
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There are two ways to configure the approval requirements:
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- [Unified approval setting](#unified-approval-setting) ... You can define who can execute **and** approve deployments.
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This is useful when there is no separation of duties between executors and approvers in your organization.
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- [Multiple approval rules](#multiple-approval-rules) ... You can define who can execute **or** approve deployments.
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This is useful when there is a separation of duties between executors and approvers in your organization.
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NOTE:
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Multiple approval rules is a more flexible option than the unified approval setting, thus both configurations shouldn't
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co-exist and multiple approval rules takes the precedence over the unified approval setting if it happens.
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#### Unified approval setting
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There are two ways to configure approvals for a protected environment:
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- Using the [UI](protected_environments.md#protecting-environments), set the **Required approvals** field to 1 or more.
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- Using the [REST API](../../api/protected_environments.md#protect-a-single-environment),
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set the `required_approval_count` field to 1 or more.
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After this is configured, all jobs deploying to this environment automatically go into a blocked state and wait for approvals before running. Ensure that the number of required approvals is less than the number of users allowed to deploy.
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Example:
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```shell
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curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --request POST \
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--data '{"name": "production", "deploy_access_levels": [{"group_id": 9899826}], "required_approval_count": 1}' \
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--header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <your_access_token>" \
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"https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/22034114/protected_environments"
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```
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NOTE:
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To protect, update, or unprotect an environment, you must have at least the
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Maintainer role.
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#### Multiple approval rules
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) in GitLab 14.10 with a flag named `deployment_approval_rules`. Disabled by default.
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> - [Generally available](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) in GitLab 15.0. [Feature flag `deployment_approval_rules`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) removed.
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- Using the [REST API](../../api/group_protected_environments.md#protect-a-single-environment).
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- `deploy_access_levels` represents which entity can execute the deployment job.
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- `approval_rules` represents which entity can approve the deployment job.
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After this is configured, all jobs deploying to this environment automatically go into a blocked state and wait for approvals before running. Ensure that the number of required approvals is less than the number of users allowed to deploy.
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Example:
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```shell
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curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --request POST \
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--data '{"name": "production", "deploy_access_levels": [{"group_id": 138}], "approval_rules": [{"group_id": 134}, {"group_id": 135, "required_approvals": 2}]}' \
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--header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <your_access_token>" \
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"https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/128/protected_environments"
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```
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With this setup:
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- The operator group (`group_id: 138`) has permission to execute the deployment jobs to the `production` environment in the organization (`group_id: 128`).
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- The QA tester group (`group_id: 134`) and security group (`group_id: 135`) have permission to approve the deployment jobs to the `production` environment in the organization (`group_id: 128`).
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- Unless two approvals from security group and one approval from QA tester group have been collected, the operator group can't execute the deployment jobs.
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NOTE:
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To protect, update, or unprotect an environment, you must have at least the
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Maintainer role.
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### Allow self-approval **(PREMIUM)**
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/381418) in GitLab 15.8.
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By default, the user who triggers a deployment pipeline can't also approve the deployment job.
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To allow self-approval of a deployment job:
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1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > CI/CD**.
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1. Expand **Protected environments**.
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1. From the **Approval options**, select the **Allow pipeline triggerer to approve deployment** checkbox.
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When a pipeline runs, deployment jobs are automatically approved in the pipeline if the user who
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triggered the deployment is allowed to approve.
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## Approve or reject a deployment
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/342180/) in GitLab 14.9
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Using either the GitLab UI or the API, you can:
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- Approve a deployment to allow it to proceed.
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- Reject a deployment to prevent it.
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NOTE:
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GitLab administrators can approve or reject all deployments.
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### Approve or reject a deployment using the UI
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Prerequisites:
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- Permission to deploy to the protected environment.
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To approve or reject a deployment to a protected environment using the UI:
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1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**.
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1. Select the environment's name.
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1. In the deployment's row, select **Approval options** (**{thumb-up}**).
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Before approving or rejecting the deployment, you can view the number of approvals granted and
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remaining, also who has approved or rejected it.
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1. Optional. Add a comment which describes your reason for approving or rejecting the deployment.
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1. Select **Approve** or **Reject**.
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### Approve or reject a deployment using the API
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Prerequisites:
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- Permission to deploy to the protected environment.
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To approve or reject a deployment to a protected environment using the API, pass the
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required attributes. For more details, see
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[Approve or reject a blocked deployment](../../api/deployments.md#approve-or-reject-a-blocked-deployment).
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Example:
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```shell
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curl --data "status=approved&comment=Looks good to me" \
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--header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <your_access_token>" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/1/deployments/1/approval"
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```
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### View the approval details of a deployment
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Prerequisites:
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- Permission to deploy to the protected environment.
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A deployment to a protected environment can only proceed after all required approvals have been
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granted.
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To view the approval details of a deployment:
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1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**.
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1. Select the environment's name.
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1. In the deployment's row, select **Approval options** (**{thumb-up}**).
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The approval status details are shown:
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- Eligible approvers
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- Number of approvals granted, and number of approvals required
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- Users who have granted approval
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- History of approvals or rejections
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## How to see blocked deployments
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### Using the UI
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1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**.
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1. Select the environment being deployed to.
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1. Look for the `blocked` label.
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### Using the API
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Use the [Deployments API](../../api/deployments.md#get-a-specific-deployment) to see deployments.
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- The `status` field indicates if a deployment is blocked.
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- When the [unified approval setting](#unified-approval-setting) is configured:
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- The `pending_approval_count` field indicates how many approvals are remaining to run a deployment.
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- The `approvals` field contains the deployment's approvals.
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- When the [multiple approval rules](#multiple-approval-rules) is configured:
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- The `approval_summary` field contains the current approval status per rule.
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## Related features
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For details about other GitLab features aimed at protecting deployments, see [safe deployments](deployment_safety.md).
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<!-- ## Troubleshooting
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Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
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