112 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Manage
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group: Authentication and Authorization
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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type: concepts, reference, howto
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---
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# Webhooks and insecure internal web services **(FREE SELF)**
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NOTE:
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On GitLab.com, the [maximum number of webhooks and their size](../user/gitlab_com/index.md#webhooks) per project, and per group, is limited.
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If you have non-GitLab web services running on your GitLab server or within its
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local network, these may be vulnerable to exploitation via Webhooks.
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With [Webhooks](../user/project/integrations/webhooks.md), you and your project
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maintainers and owners can set up URLs to be triggered when specific changes
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occur in your projects. Normally, these requests are sent to external web
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services specifically set up for this purpose, that process the request and its
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attached data in some appropriate way.
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Things get hairy, however, when a Webhook is set up with a URL that doesn't
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point to an external, but to an internal service, that may do something
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completely unintended when the webhook is triggered and the POST request is
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sent.
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Webhook requests are made by the GitLab server itself and use a single
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(optional) secret token per hook for authorization (instead of a user or
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repository-specific token). As a result, these requests may have broader access than
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intended, including access to everything running on the server hosting the webhook. This
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may include the GitLab server or API itself (for example, `http://localhost:123`).
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Depending on the called webhook, this may also result in network access
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to other servers within that webhook server's local network (for example,
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`http://192.168.1.12:345`), even if these services are otherwise protected
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and inaccessible from the outside world.
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If a web service does not require authentication, Webhooks can be used to
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trigger destructive commands by getting the GitLab server to make POST requests
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to endpoints like `http://localhost:123/some-resource/delete`.
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To prevent this type of exploitation from happening, starting with GitLab 10.6,
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all Webhook requests to the current GitLab instance server address and/or in a
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private network are forbidden by default. That means that all requests made
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to `127.0.0.1`, `::1` and `0.0.0.0`, as well as IPv4 `10.0.0.0/8`, `172.16.0.0/12`,
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`192.168.0.0/16` and IPv6 site-local (`ffc0::/10`) addresses aren't allowed.
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This behavior can be overridden:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Network**.
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1. Expand the **Outbound requests** section:
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1. Select **Allow requests to the local network from web hooks and services**.
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NOTE:
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*System hooks* are enabled to make requests to local network by default since they are
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set up by administrators. However, you can turn this off by disabling the
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**Allow requests to the local network from system hooks** option.
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## Allowlist for local requests
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/44496) in GitLab 12.2
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You can allow certain domains and IP addresses to be accessible to both *system hooks*
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and *webhooks* even when local requests are not allowed by adding them to the
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allowlist:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Network** (`/admin/application_settings/network`)
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and expand **Outbound requests**:
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The allowed entries can be separated by semicolons, commas or whitespaces
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(including newlines) and be in different formats like hostnames, IP addresses and/or
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IP ranges. IPv6 is supported. Hostnames that contain Unicode characters should
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use [Internationalized Domain Names in Applications](https://www.icann.org/en/icann-acronyms-and-terms/internationalized-domain-names-in-applications-en)
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(IDNA) encoding.
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The allowlist can hold a maximum of 1000 entries. Each entry can be a maximum of
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255 characters.
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You can allow a particular port by specifying it in the allowlist entry.
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For example `127.0.0.1:8080` only allows connections to port 8080 on `127.0.0.1`.
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If no port is mentioned, all ports on that IP/domain are allowed. An IP range
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allows all ports on all IPs in that range.
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Example:
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```plaintext
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example.com;gitlab.example.com
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127.0.0.1,1:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
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127.0.0.0/8 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/124
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[1:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]:8080
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127.0.0.1:8080
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example.com:8080
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```
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NOTE:
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Wildcards (`*.example.com`) are not currently supported.
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<!-- ## Troubleshooting
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Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
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one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's
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important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here.
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This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with
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questions that you know someone might ask.
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Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`.
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If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place
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but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->
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