181 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
181 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
stage: Verify
|
|
group: Pipeline Execution
|
|
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
|
|
type: reference
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Get started with GitLab CI/CD **(FREE)**
|
|
|
|
Use this document to get started with [GitLab CI/CD](../index.md).
|
|
|
|
Before you start, make sure you have:
|
|
|
|
- A project in GitLab that you would like to use CI/CD for.
|
|
- The Maintainer or Owner role for the project.
|
|
|
|
If you are migrating from another CI/CD tool, view this documentation:
|
|
|
|
- [Migrate from CircleCI](../migration/circleci.md).
|
|
- [Migrate from Jenkins](../migration/jenkins.md).
|
|
|
|
> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [First time GitLab & CI/CD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTNfi5z6Uvk&t=553s). This includes a quick introduction to GitLab, the first steps with CI/CD, building a Go project, running tests, using the CI/CD pipeline editor, detecting secrets and security vulnerabilities and offers more exercises for async practice.
|
|
> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [Intro to GitLab CI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5705U8s_nQ&t=358s). This workshop uses the Web IDE to quickly get going with building source code using CI/CD, and run unit tests.
|
|
|
|
## CI/CD process overview
|
|
|
|
To use GitLab CI/CD:
|
|
|
|
1. [Ensure you have runners available](#ensure-you-have-runners-available) to run your jobs.
|
|
If you don't have a runner, [install GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/)
|
|
and [register a runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/) for your instance, project, or group.
|
|
1. [Create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#create-a-gitlab-ciyml-file)
|
|
at the root of your repository. This file is where you define your CI/CD jobs.
|
|
|
|
When you commit the file to your repository, the runner runs your jobs.
|
|
The job results [are displayed in a pipeline](#view-the-status-of-your-pipeline-and-jobs).
|
|
|
|
### Ensure you have runners available
|
|
|
|
In GitLab, runners are agents that run your CI/CD jobs.
|
|
|
|
You might already have runners available for your project, including
|
|
[shared runners](../runners/runners_scope.md), which are
|
|
available to all projects in your GitLab instance.
|
|
|
|
To view available runners:
|
|
|
|
- Go to **Settings > CI/CD** and expand **Runners**.
|
|
|
|
As long as you have at least one runner that's active, with a green circle next to it,
|
|
you have a runner available to process your jobs.
|
|
|
|
If no runners are listed on the **Runners** page in the UI, you or an administrator
|
|
must [install GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/) and
|
|
[register](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/) at least one runner.
|
|
|
|
If you are testing CI/CD, you can install GitLab Runner and register runners on your local machine.
|
|
When your CI/CD jobs run, they run on your local machine.
|
|
|
|
### Create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file
|
|
|
|
The `.gitlab-ci.yml` file is a [YAML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML) file where
|
|
you configure specific instructions for GitLab CI/CD.
|
|
|
|
In this file, you define:
|
|
|
|
- The structure and order of jobs that the runner should execute.
|
|
- The decisions the runner should make when specific conditions are encountered.
|
|
|
|
For example, you might want to run a suite of tests when you commit to
|
|
any branch except the default branch. When you commit to the default branch, you want
|
|
to run the same suite, but also publish your application.
|
|
|
|
All of this is defined in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file.
|
|
|
|
To create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file:
|
|
|
|
1. On the left sidebar, select **Project information > Details**.
|
|
1. Above the file list, select the branch you want to commit to,
|
|
click the plus icon, then select **New file**:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. For the **Filename**, type `.gitlab-ci.yml` and in the larger window,
|
|
paste this sample code:
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
build-job:
|
|
stage: build
|
|
script:
|
|
- echo "Hello, $GITLAB_USER_LOGIN!"
|
|
|
|
test-job1:
|
|
stage: test
|
|
script:
|
|
- echo "This job tests something"
|
|
|
|
test-job2:
|
|
stage: test
|
|
script:
|
|
- echo "This job tests something, but takes more time than test-job1."
|
|
- echo "After the echo commands complete, it runs the sleep command for 20 seconds"
|
|
- echo "which simulates a test that runs 20 seconds longer than test-job1"
|
|
- sleep 20
|
|
|
|
deploy-prod:
|
|
stage: deploy
|
|
script:
|
|
- echo "This job deploys something from the $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH branch."
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`$GITLAB_USER_LOGIN` and `$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH` are
|
|
[predefined variables](../variables/predefined_variables.md)
|
|
that populate when the job runs.
|
|
|
|
1. Click **Commit changes**.
|
|
|
|
The pipeline starts when the commit is committed.
|
|
|
|
#### `.gitlab-ci.yml` tips
|
|
|
|
- After you create your first `.gitlab-ci.yml` file, use the [pipeline editor](../pipeline_editor/index.md)
|
|
for all future edits to the file. With the pipeline editor, you can:
|
|
- Edit the pipeline configuration with automatic syntax highlighting and validation.
|
|
- View the [CI/CD configuration visualization](../pipeline_editor/index.md#visualize-ci-configuration),
|
|
a graphical representation of your `.gitlab-ci.yml` file.
|
|
- If you want the runner to [use a Docker container to run the jobs](../docker/using_docker_images.md),
|
|
edit the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file
|
|
to include an image name:
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
default:
|
|
image: ruby:2.7.4
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This command tells the runner to use a Ruby image from Docker Hub
|
|
and to run the jobs in a container that's generated from the image.
|
|
|
|
This process is different than
|
|
[building an application as a Docker container](../docker/using_docker_build.md).
|
|
Your application does not need to be built as a Docker container to
|
|
run CI/CD jobs in Docker containers.
|
|
|
|
- Each job contains scripts and stages:
|
|
- The [`default`](../yaml/index.md#default) keyword is for
|
|
custom defaults, for example with [`before_script`](../yaml/index.md#before_script)
|
|
and [`after_script`](../yaml/index.md#after_script).
|
|
- [`stage`](../yaml/index.md#stage) describes the sequential execution of jobs.
|
|
Jobs in a single stage run in parallel as long as there are available runners.
|
|
- Use [Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG)](../directed_acyclic_graph/index.md) keywords
|
|
to run jobs out of stage order.
|
|
- You can set additional configuration to customize how your jobs and stages perform:
|
|
- Use the [`rules`](../yaml/index.md#rules) keyword to specify when to run or skip jobs.
|
|
The `only` and `except` legacy keywords are still supported, but can't be used
|
|
with `rules` in the same job.
|
|
- Keep information across jobs and stages persistent in a pipeline with [`cache`](../yaml/index.md#cache)
|
|
and [`artifacts`](../yaml/index.md#artifacts). These keywords are ways to store
|
|
dependencies and job output, even when using ephemeral runners for each job.
|
|
- For the complete `.gitlab-ci.yml` syntax, see [the full `.gitlab-ci.yml` reference topic](../yaml/index.md).
|
|
|
|
### View the status of your pipeline and jobs
|
|
|
|
When you committed your changes, a pipeline started.
|
|
|
|
To view your pipeline:
|
|
|
|
- Go to **CI/CD > Pipelines**.
|
|
|
|
A pipeline with three stages should be displayed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- To view a visual representation of your pipeline, click the pipeline ID.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- To view details of a job, click the job name, for example, `deploy-prod`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the job status is `stuck`, check to ensure a runner is properly configured for the project.
|