150 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: none
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group: unassigned
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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disqus_identifier: 'https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/fe_guide/style_guide_scss.html'
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---
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# SCSS style guide
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This style guide recommends best practices for SCSS to make styles easy to read,
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easy to maintain, and performant for the end-user.
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## Rules
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Our CSS is a mixture of current and legacy approaches. That means sometimes it may be difficult to follow this guide to the letter; it means you are likely to run into exceptions, where following the guide is difficult to impossible without outsized effort. In those cases, you may work with your reviewers and maintainers to identify an approach that does not fit these rules. Please endeavor to limit these cases.
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### Utility Classes
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In order to reduce the generation of more CSS as our site grows, prefer the use of utility classes over adding new CSS. In complex cases, CSS can be addressed by adding component classes.
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#### Where are utility classes defined?
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Prefer the use of [utility classes defined in GitLab UI](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ui/-/blob/master/doc/css.md#utilities). An easy list of classes can also be [seen on Unpkg](https://unpkg.com/browse/@gitlab/ui/src/scss/utilities.scss).
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Classes in [`utilities.scss`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/assets/stylesheets/utilities.scss) and [`common.scss`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/assets/stylesheets/framework/common.scss) are being deprecated. Classes in [`common.scss`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/assets/stylesheets/framework/common.scss) that use non-design system values should be avoided in favor of conformant values.
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Avoid [Bootstrap's Utility Classes](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/utilities/).
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NOTE:
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While migrating [Bootstrap's Utility Classes](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/utilities/)
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to the [GitLab UI](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ui/-/blob/master/doc/css.md#utilities)
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utility classes, note both the classes for margin and padding differ. The size scale used at
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GitLab differs from the scale used in the Bootstrap library. For a Bootstrap padding or margin
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utility, you may need to double the size of the applied utility to achieve the same visual
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result (such as `ml-1` becoming `gl-ml-2`).
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#### Where should I put new utility classes?
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If a class you need has not been added to GitLab UI, you get to add it! Follow the naming patterns documented in the [utility files](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ui/-/tree/master/src/scss/utility-mixins) and refer to [GitLab UI's CSS documentation](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ui/-/blob/master/doc/contributing/adding_css.md#adding-utility-mixins) for more details, especially about adding responsive and stateful rules.
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If it is not possible to wait for a GitLab UI update (generally one day), add the class to [`utilities.scss`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/assets/stylesheets/utilities.scss) following the same naming conventions documented in GitLab UI. A follow—up issue to backport the class to GitLab UI and delete it from GitLab should be opened.
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#### When should I create component classes?
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We recommend a "utility-first" approach.
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1. Start with utility classes.
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1. If composing utility classes into a component class removes code duplication and encapsulates a clear responsibility, do it.
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This encourages an organic growth of component classes and prevents the creation of one-off unreusable classes. Also, the kind of classes that emerge from "utility-first" tend to be design-centered (e.g. `.button`, `.alert`, `.card`) rather than domain-centered (e.g. `.security-report-widget`, `.commit-header-icon`).
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Inspiration:
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- <https://tailwindcss.com/docs/utility-first>
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- <https://tailwindcss.com/docs/extracting-components>
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### Naming
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Filenames should use `snake_case`.
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CSS classes should use the `lowercase-hyphenated` format rather than
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`snake_case` or `camelCase`.
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```scss
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// Bad
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.class_name {
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color: #fff;
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}
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// Bad
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.className {
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color: #fff;
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}
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// Good
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.class-name {
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color: #fff;
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}
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```
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Class names should be used instead of tag name selectors.
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Using tag name selectors is discouraged because they can affect
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unintended elements in the hierarchy.
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```scss
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// Bad
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ul {
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color: #fff;
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}
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// Good
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.class-name {
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color: #fff;
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}
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// Best
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// prefer an existing utility class over adding existing styles
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```0
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Class names are also preferable to IDs. Rules that use IDs
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are not-reusable, as there can only be one affected element on
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the page.
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```scss
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// Bad
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#my-element {
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padding: 0;
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}
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// Good
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.my-element {
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padding: 0;
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}
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```
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### Selectors with a `js-` Prefix
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Do not use any selector prefixed with `js-` for styling purposes. These
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selectors are intended for use only with JavaScript to allow for removal or
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renaming without breaking styling.
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### Variables
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Before adding a new variable for a color or a size, guarantee:
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- There isn't an existing one.
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- There isn't a similar one we can use instead.
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## Linting
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We use [SCSS Lint](https://github.com/sds/scss-lint) to check for style guide conformity. It uses the
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ruleset in `.scss-lint.yml`, which is located in the home directory of the
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project.
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To check if any warnings are produced by your changes, run `rake
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scss_lint` in the GitLab directory. SCSS Lint also runs in GitLab CI/CD to
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catch any warnings.
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If the Rake task is throwing warnings you don't understand, SCSS Lint's
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documentation includes [a full list of their linters](https://github.com/sds/scss-lint/blob/master/lib/scss_lint/linter/README.md).
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### Fixing issues
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If you want to automate changing a large portion of the codebase to conform to
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the SCSS style guide, you can use [CSSComb](https://github.com/csscomb/csscomb.js). First install
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[Node](https://github.com/nodejs/node) and [NPM](https://www.npmjs.com/), then run `npm install csscomb -g` to install
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CSSComb globally (system-wide). Run it in the GitLab directory with
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`csscomb app/assets/stylesheets` to automatically fix issues with CSS/SCSS.
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Note that this doesn't fix every problem, but it should fix a majority.
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