221 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
221 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
stage: Create
|
|
group: Source Code
|
|
info: "To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments"
|
|
type: reference
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Useful Git commands **(FREE)**
|
|
|
|
The GitLab support team has collected these commands to help you. You may not
|
|
need to use them often.
|
|
|
|
## Remotes
|
|
|
|
### Add another URL to a remote, so both remotes get updated on each push
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git remote set-url --add <remote_name> <remote_url>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Staging and reverting changes
|
|
|
|
### Remove last commit and leave the changes in unstaged
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git reset --soft HEAD^
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Unstage a certain number of commits from HEAD
|
|
|
|
To unstage 3 commits, for example, run:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git reset HEAD^3
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Unstage changes to a certain file from HEAD
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git reset <filename>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Revert a file to HEAD state and remove changes
|
|
|
|
There are two options to revert changes to a file:
|
|
|
|
- `git checkout <filename>`
|
|
- `git reset --hard <filename>`
|
|
|
|
### Undo a previous commit by creating a new replacement commit
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git revert <commit-sha>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Create a new message for last commit
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git commit --amend
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Add a file to the last commit
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git add <filename>
|
|
git commit --amend
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Append `--no-edit` to the `commit` command if you do not want to edit the commit
|
|
message.
|
|
|
|
## Stashing
|
|
|
|
### Stash changes
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git stash save
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The default behavior of `stash` is to save, so you can also use just:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git stash
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Unstash your changes
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git stash apply
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Discard your stashed changes
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git stash drop
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Apply and drop your stashed changes
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git stash pop
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Refs and Log
|
|
|
|
### Use reflog to show the log of reference changes to HEAD
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git reflog
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Check the Git history of a file
|
|
|
|
The basic command to check the Git history of a file:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git log <file>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you get this error message:
|
|
|
|
```plaintext
|
|
fatal: ambiguous argument <file_name>: unknown revision or path not in the working tree.
|
|
Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Use this to check the Git history of the file:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git log -- <file>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Find the tags that contain a particular SHA
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git tag --contains <sha>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Check the content of each change to a file
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
gitk <file>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Check the content of each change to a file, follows it past file renames
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
gitk --follow <file>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Debugging
|
|
|
|
### Use a custom SSH key for a Git command
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i ~/.ssh/gitlabadmin" git <command>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Debug cloning
|
|
|
|
With SSH:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -vvv" git clone <git@url>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
With HTTPS:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
GIT_TRACE_PACKET=1 GIT_TRACE=2 GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone <url>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Debugging with Git embedded traces
|
|
|
|
Git includes a complete set of [traces for debugging Git commands](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Environment-Variables#_debugging), for example:
|
|
|
|
- `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=1`: enables tracing of performance data, showing how long each particular `git` invocation takes.
|
|
- `GIT_TRACE_SETUP=1`: enables tracing of what `git` is discovering about the repository and environment it's interacting with.
|
|
- `GIT_TRACE_PACKET=1`: enables packet-level tracing for network operations.
|
|
|
|
## Rebasing
|
|
|
|
### Rebase your branch onto master
|
|
|
|
The `-i` flag stands for 'interactive':
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git rebase -i master
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Continue the rebase if paused
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git rebase --continue
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Use `git rerere`
|
|
|
|
To _reuse_ recorded solutions to the same problems when repeated:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git rerere
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To enable `rerere` functionality:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
git config --global rerere.enabled true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<!-- ## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues
|
|
one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's
|
|
important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here.
|
|
This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with
|
|
questions that you know someone might ask.
|
|
|
|
Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`.
|
|
If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place
|
|
but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->
|