debian-mirror-gitlab/doc/user/infrastructure/terraform_state.md
2021-02-22 17:27:13 +05:30

360 lines
14 KiB
Markdown

---
stage: Configure
group: Configure
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---
# GitLab managed Terraform State
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/2673) in GitLab 13.0.
[Terraform remote backends](https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends/index.html)
enable you to store the state file in a remote, shared store. GitLab uses the
[Terraform HTTP backend](https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends/types/http.html)
to securely store the state files in local storage (the default) or
[the remote store of your choice](../../administration/terraform_state.md).
The GitLab managed Terraform state backend can store your Terraform state easily and
securely, and spares you from setting up additional remote resources like
Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage. Its features include:
- Supporting encryption of the state file both in transit and at rest.
- Locking and unlocking state.
- Remote Terraform plan and apply execution.
## Permissions for using Terraform
In GitLab version 13.1, [Maintainer access](../permissions.md) was required to use a
GitLab managed Terraform state backend. In GitLab versions 13.2 and greater,
[Maintainer access](../permissions.md) is required to lock, unlock and write to the state
(using `terraform apply`), while [Developer access](../permissions.md) is required to read
the state (using `terraform plan -lock=false`).
## Set up GitLab-managed Terraform state
To get started with a GitLab-managed Terraform state, there are two different options:
- [Use a local machine](#get-started-using-local-development).
- [Use GitLab CI](#get-started-using-gitlab-ci).
Terraform States can be found by navigating to a Project's **{cloud-gear}** **Operations > Terraform** page.
### Get started using local development
If you plan to only run `terraform plan` and `terraform apply` commands from your
local machine, this is a simple way to get started:
1. Create your project on your GitLab instance.
1. Navigate to **Settings > General** and note your **Project name**
and **Project ID**.
1. Define the Terraform backend in your Terraform project to be:
```hcl
terraform {
backend "http" {
}
}
```
1. Create a [Personal Access Token](../profile/personal_access_tokens.md) with
the `api` scope.
1. On your local machine, run `terraform init`, passing in the following options,
replacing `<YOUR-STATE-NAME>`, `<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>`, `<YOUR-USERNAME>` and
`<YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN>` with the relevant values. This command initializes your
Terraform state, and stores that state within your GitLab project. The name of
your state can contain only uppercase and lowercase letters, decimal digits,
hyphens, and underscores. This example uses `gitlab.com`:
```shell
terraform init \
-backend-config="address=https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>/terraform/state/<YOUR-STATE-NAME>" \
-backend-config="lock_address=https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>/terraform/state/<YOUR-STATE-NAME>/lock" \
-backend-config="unlock_address=https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>/terraform/state/<YOUR-STATE-NAME>/lock" \
-backend-config="username=<YOUR-USERNAME>" \
-backend-config="password=<YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN>" \
-backend-config="lock_method=POST" \
-backend-config="unlock_method=DELETE" \
-backend-config="retry_wait_min=5"
```
You can now run `terraform plan` and `terraform apply` as you normally would.
### Get started using GitLab CI
If you don't want to start with local development, you can also use GitLab CI to
run your `terraform plan` and `terraform apply` commands.
Next, [configure the backend](#configure-the-backend).
#### Configure the backend
After executing the `terraform init` command, you must configure the Terraform backend
and the CI YAML file:
1. In your Terraform project, define the [HTTP backend](https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends/types/http.html)
by adding the following code block in a `.tf` file (such as `backend.tf`) to
define the remote backend:
```hcl
terraform {
backend "http" {
}
}
```
1. In the root directory of your project repository, configure a
`.gitlab-ci.yaml` file. This example uses a pre-built image which includes a
`gitlab-terraform` helper. For supported Terraform versions, see the [GitLab
Terraform Images project](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/terraform-images).
```yaml
image: registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/terraform-images/stable:latest
```
1. In the `.gitlab-ci.yaml` file, define some environment variables to ease
development. In this example, `TF_ROOT` is the directory where the Terraform
commands must be executed, `TF_ADDRESS` is the URL to the state on the GitLab
instance where this pipeline runs, and the final path segment in `TF_ADDRESS`
is the name of the Terraform state. Projects may have multiple states, and
this name is arbitrary, so in this example we set it to `example-production`
which corresponds with the directory we're using as our `TF_ROOT`, and we
ensure that the `.terraform` directory is cached between jobs in the pipeline
using a cache key based on the state name (`example-production`):
```yaml
variables:
TF_ROOT: ${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/environments/example/production
TF_ADDRESS: ${CI_API_V4_URL}/projects/${CI_PROJECT_ID}/terraform/state/example-production
cache:
key: example-production
paths:
- ${TF_ROOT}/.terraform
```
1. In a `before_script`, change to your `TF_ROOT`:
```yaml
before_script:
- cd ${TF_ROOT}
stages:
- prepare
- validate
- build
- deploy
init:
stage: prepare
script:
- gitlab-terraform init
validate:
stage: validate
script:
- gitlab-terraform validate
plan:
stage: build
script:
- gitlab-terraform plan
- gitlab-terraform plan-json
artifacts:
name: plan
paths:
- ${TF_ROOT}/plan.cache
reports:
terraform: ${TF_ROOT}/plan.json
apply:
stage: deploy
environment:
name: production
script:
- gitlab-terraform apply
dependencies:
- plan
when: manual
only:
- master
```
1. Push your project to GitLab, which triggers a CI job pipeline. This pipeline
runs the `gitlab-terraform init`, `gitlab-terraform validate`, and
`gitlab-terraform plan` commands.
The output from the above `terraform` commands should be viewable in the job logs.
WARNING:
Like any other job artifact, Terraform plan data is [viewable by anyone with Guest access](../permissions.md) to the repository.
Neither Terraform nor GitLab encrypts the plan file by default. If your Terraform plan
includes sensitive data such as passwords, access tokens, or certificates, GitLab strongly
recommends encrypting plan output or modifying the project visibility settings.
### Example project
See [this reference project](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/configure/examples/gitlab-terraform-aws) using GitLab and Terraform to deploy a basic AWS EC2 within a custom VPC.
## Using a GitLab managed Terraform state backend as a remote data source
You can use a GitLab-managed Terraform state as a
[Terraform data source](https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/terraform/d/remote_state.html).
To use your existing Terraform state backend as a data source, provide the following details
as [Terraform input variables](https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/variables.html):
- **address**: The URL of the remote state backend you want to use as a data source.
For example, `https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<TARGET-PROJECT-ID>/terraform/state/<TARGET-STATE-NAME>`.
- **username**: The username to authenticate with the data source. If you are using a [Personal Access Token](../profile/personal_access_tokens.md) for
authentication, this is your GitLab username. If you are using GitLab CI, this is `'gitlab-ci-token'`.
- **password**: The password to authenticate with the data source. If you are using a Personal Access Token for
authentication, this is the token value. If you are using GitLab CI, it is the contents of the `${CI_JOB_TOKEN}` CI variable.
An example setup is shown below:
1. Create a file named `example.auto.tfvars` with the following contents:
```plaintext
example_remote_state_address=https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<TARGET-PROJECT-ID>/terraform/state/<TARGET-STATE-NAME>
example_username=<GitLab username>
example_access_token=<GitLab Personal Acceess Token>
```
1. Define the data source by adding the following code block in a `.tf` file (such as `data.tf`):
```hcl
data "terraform_remote_state" "example" {
backend = "http"
config = {
address = var.example_remote_state_address
username = var.example_username
password = var.example_access_token
}
}
```
Outputs from the data source can now be referenced within your Terraform resources
using `data.terraform_remote_state.example.outputs.<OUTPUT-NAME>`.
You need at least [developer access](../permissions.md) to the target project
to read the Terraform state.
## Migrating to GitLab Managed Terraform state
Terraform supports copying the state when the backend is changed or
reconfigured. This can be useful if you need to migrate from another backend to
GitLab managed Terraform state. Using a local terminal is recommended to run the commands needed for migrating to GitLab Managed Terraform state.
The following example demonstrates how to change the state name, the same workflow is needed to migrate to GitLab Managed Terraform state from a different state storage backend.
### Setting up the initial backend
```shell
PROJECT_ID="<gitlab-project-id>"
TF_USERNAME="<gitlab-username>"
TF_PASSWORD="<gitlab-personal-access-token>"
TF_ADDRESS="https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/terraform/state/old-state-name"
terraform init \
-backend-config=address=${TF_ADDRESS} \
-backend-config=lock_address=${TF_ADDRESS}/lock \
-backend-config=unlock_address=${TF_ADDRESS}/lock \
-backend-config=username=${TF_USERNAME} \
-backend-config=password=${TF_PASSWORD} \
-backend-config=lock_method=POST \
-backend-config=unlock_method=DELETE \
-backend-config=retry_wait_min=5
```
```plaintext
Initializing the backend...
Successfully configured the backend "http"! Terraform will automatically
use this backend unless the backend configuration changes.
Initializing provider plugins...
Terraform has been successfully initialized!
You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.
If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.
```
### Changing the backend
Now that `terraform init` has created a `.terraform/` directory that knows where
the old state is, you can tell it about the new location:
```shell
TF_ADDRESS="https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/terraform/state/new-state-name"
terraform init \
-backend-config=address=${TF_ADDRESS} \
-backend-config=lock_address=${TF_ADDRESS}/lock \
-backend-config=unlock_address=${TF_ADDRESS}/lock \
-backend-config=username=${TF_USERNAME} \
-backend-config=password=${TF_PASSWORD} \
-backend-config=lock_method=POST \
-backend-config=unlock_method=DELETE \
-backend-config=retry_wait_min=5
```
```plaintext
Initializing the backend...
Backend configuration changed!
Terraform has detected that the configuration specified for the backend
has changed. Terraform will now check for existing state in the backends.
Acquiring state lock. This may take a few moments...
Do you want to copy existing state to the new backend?
Pre-existing state was found while migrating the previous "http" backend to the
newly configured "http" backend. No existing state was found in the newly
configured "http" backend. Do you want to copy this state to the new "http"
backend? Enter "yes" to copy and "no" to start with an empty state.
Enter a value: yes
Successfully configured the backend "http"! Terraform will automatically
use this backend unless the backend configuration changes.
Initializing provider plugins...
Terraform has been successfully initialized!
You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.
If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.
```
If you type `yes`, it copies your state from the old location to the new
location. You can then go back to running it from within GitLab CI.
## Managing state files
NOTE:
We are currently working on [providing a graphical interface for managing state files](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/4563).
![Terraform state list](img/terraform_list_view_v13_5.png)
The state files attached to a project can be found under Operations / Terraform.
## Removing a State file
You can only remove a state file by making a request to the API, like the following example:
```shell
curl --header "Private-Token: <your_access_token>" --request DELETE "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<your_project_id>/terraform/state/<your_state_name>"
```