172 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
172 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Verify
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group: Pipeline Execution
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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type: reference
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---
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# Get started with GitLab CI/CD **(FREE)**
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Use this document to get started with
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GitLab [continuous integration](https://about.gitlab.com/stages-devops-lifecycle/continuous-integration/).
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Before you start, make sure you have:
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- A project in GitLab that you would like to use CI/CD for.
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- The [Maintainer or Owner role](../../user/permissions.md) for the project.
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If you are migrating from another CI/CD tool, view this documentation:
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- [Migrate from CircleCI](../migration/circleci.md).
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- [Migrate from Jenkins](../migration/jenkins.md).
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> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [First time GitLab & CI/CD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTNfi5z6Uvk&t=553s). This includes a quick introduction to GitLab, the first steps with CI/CD, building a Go project, running tests, using the CI/CD pipeline editor, detecting secrets and security vulnerabilities and offers more exercises for async practice.
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> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [Intro to GitLab CI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5705U8s_nQ&t=358s). This workshop uses the Web IDE to quickly get going with building source code using CI/CD, and run unit tests.
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## CI/CD process overview
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To use GitLab CI/CD:
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1. [Ensure you have runners available](#ensure-you-have-runners-available) to run your jobs.
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If you don't have a runner, [install GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/)
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and [register a runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/) for your instance, project, or group.
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1. [Create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#create-a-gitlab-ciyml-file)
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at the root of your repository. This file is where you define your CI/CD jobs.
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When you commit the file to your repository, the runner runs your jobs.
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The job results [are displayed in a pipeline](#view-the-status-of-your-pipeline-and-jobs).
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### Ensure you have runners available
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In GitLab, runners are agents that run your CI/CD jobs.
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You might already have runners available for your project, including
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[shared runners](../runners/runners_scope.md), which are
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available to all projects in your GitLab instance.
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To view available runners:
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- Go to **Settings > CI/CD** and expand **Runners**.
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As long as you have at least one runner that's active, with a green circle next to it,
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you have a runner available to process your jobs.
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If no runners are listed on the **Runners** page in the UI, you or an administrator
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must [install GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/) and
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[register](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/) at least one runner.
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If you are testing CI/CD, you can install GitLab Runner and register runners on your local machine.
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When your CI/CD jobs run, they run on your local machine.
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### Create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file
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The `.gitlab-ci.yml` file is a [YAML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML) file where
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you configure specific instructions for GitLab CI/CD.
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In this file, you define:
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- The structure and order of jobs that the runner should execute.
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- The decisions the runner should make when specific conditions are encountered.
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For example, you might want to run a suite of tests when you commit to
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any branch except the default branch. When you commit to the default branch, you want
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to run the same suite, but also publish your application.
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All of this is defined in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file.
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To create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file:
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Project information > Details**.
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1. Above the file list, select the branch you want to commit to,
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click the plus icon, then select **New file**:
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1. For the **Filename**, type `.gitlab-ci.yml` and in the larger window,
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paste this sample code:
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```yaml
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build-job:
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stage: build
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script:
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- echo "Hello, $GITLAB_USER_LOGIN!"
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test-job1:
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stage: test
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script:
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- echo "This job tests something"
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test-job2:
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stage: test
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script:
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- echo "This job tests something, but takes more time than test-job1."
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- echo "After the echo commands complete, it runs the sleep command for 20 seconds"
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- echo "which simulates a test that runs 20 seconds longer than test-job1"
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- sleep 20
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deploy-prod:
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stage: deploy
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script:
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- echo "This job deploys something from the $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH branch."
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```
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`$GITLAB_USER_LOGIN` and `$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH` are
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[predefined variables](../variables/predefined_variables.md)
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that populate when the job runs.
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1. Click **Commit changes**.
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The pipeline starts when the commit is committed.
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#### `.gitlab-ci.yml` tips
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- If you want the runner to [use a Docker container to run the jobs](../docker/using_docker_images.md),
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edit the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file
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to include an image name:
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```yaml
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default:
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image: ruby:2.7.2
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```
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This command tells the runner to use a Ruby image from Docker Hub
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and to run the jobs in a container that's generated from the image.
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This process is different than
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[building an application as a Docker container](../docker/using_docker_build.md).
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Your application does not need to be built as a Docker container to
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run CI/CD jobs in Docker containers.
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- To validate your `.gitlab-ci.yml` file, use the
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[CI Lint tool](../lint.md), which is available in every project.
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- You can also use [CI/CD configuration visualization](../pipeline_editor/index.md#visualize-ci-configuration) to
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view a graphical representation of your `.gitlab-ci.yml` file.
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- For the complete `.gitlab-ci.yml` syntax, see
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[the `.gitlab-ci.yml` reference topic](../yaml/README.md).
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### View the status of your pipeline and jobs
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When you committed your changes, a pipeline started.
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To view your pipeline:
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- Go to **CI/CD > Pipelines**.
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A pipeline with three stages should be displayed:
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- To view a visual representation of your pipeline, click the pipeline ID.
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- To view details of a job, click the job name, for example, `deploy-prod`.
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If the job status is `stuck`, check to ensure a runner is properly configured for the project.
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> To learn more about GitLab CI/CD, check out these video walkthroughs:
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>
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> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [First time GitLab & CI/CD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTNfi5z6Uvk&t=150s).
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> - <i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch [Intro to GitLab CI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5705U8s_nQ&t=358s).
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