144 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
144 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Create
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group: Gitaly
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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type: reference, howto
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disqus_identifier: 'https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/custom_hooks.html'
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---
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# Server hooks **(FREE SELF)**
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/196051) in GitLab 12.8 replacing Custom Hooks.
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Server hooks run custom logic on the GitLab server. Users can use them to run Git-related tasks such as:
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- Enforcing specific commit policies.
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- Performing tasks based on the state of the repository.
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Server hooks use `pre-receive`, `post-receive`, and `update`
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[Git server-side hooks](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#_server_side_hooks).
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GitLab administrators configure server hooks on the file system of the GitLab server. If you don't have file system access,
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alternatives to server hooks include:
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- [Webhooks](../user/project/integrations/webhooks.md).
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- [GitLab CI/CD](../ci/index.md).
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- [Push rules](../push_rules/push_rules.md), for a user-configurable Git hook interface.
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[Geo](geo/index.md) doesn't replicate server hooks to secondary nodes.
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## Create a server hook for a single repository
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To create a server hook for a single repository:
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. Go to **Overview > Projects** and select the project you want to add a server hook to.
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1. On the page that appears, locate the value of **Gitaly relative path**. This path is where server hooks must be located.
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- If you are using [hashed storage](repository_storage_types.md#hashed-storage), see
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[Translate hashed storage paths](repository_storage_types.md#translate-hashed-storage-paths) for information on
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interpreting the relative path.
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- If you are not using [hashed storage](repository_storage_types.md#hashed-storage):
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- For Omnibus GitLab installations, the path is usually `/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`.
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- For an installation from source, the path is usually `/home/git/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`.
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1. On the file system, create a new directory in the correct location called `custom_hooks`.
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1. In the new `custom_hooks` directory, create a file with a name that matches the hook type. For example, for a
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`pre-receive` server hook, the filename should be `pre-receive` with no extension.
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1. Make the server hook file executable and ensure that it's owned by the Git user.
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1. Write the code to make the server hook function as expected. Server hooks can be in any programming language. Ensure
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the [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) at the top reflects the language type. For
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example, if the script is in Ruby the shebang is probably `#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.
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If the server hook code is properly implemented, it should execute when the Git hook is next triggered.
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## Create a global server hook for all repositories
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To create a Git hook that applies to all repositories, set a global server hook. The default global server hook directory
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is in the GitLab Shell directory. Any server hook added there applies to all repositories, including:
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- [Project and group wiki](../user/project/wiki/index.md) repositories. Their storage directory names are in the format
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`<id>.wiki.git`.
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- [Design management](../user/project/issues/design_management.md) repositories under a project. Their storage directory
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names are in the format `<id>.design.git`.
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### Choose a server hook directory
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Before creating a global server hook, you must choose a directory for it. The default global server hook directory:
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- For Omnibus GitLab installations is usually `/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks`.
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- For an installation from source is usually `/home/git/gitlab-shell/hooks`.
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To use a different directory for global server hooks, set `custom_hooks_dir` in Gitaly configuration:
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- For Omnibus installations, set in `gitlab.rb`.
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- For source installations, the configuration location depends on the GitLab version. For:
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- GitLab 13.0 and earlier, set in `gitlab-shell/config.yml`.
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- GitLab 13.1 and later, set in `gitaly/config.toml` under the `[hooks]` section. However, GitLab honors the
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`custom_hooks_dir` value in `gitlab-shell/config.yml` if the value in `gitaly/config.toml` is blank or non-existent.
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### Create the global server hook
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To create a global server hook for all repositories:
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1. On the GitLab server, go to the configured global server hook directory.
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1. Create a new directory in this location called `pre-receive.d`, `post-receive.d`, or `update.d`, depending on the type
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of server hook. Any other names are ignored.
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1. Inside this new directory, add your server hook. Server hooks can be in any programming language. Ensure the
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[shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) at the top reflects the language type. For example, if the
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script is in Ruby the shebang is probably `#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.
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1. Make the hook file executable, ensure that it's owned by the Git user, and ensure it does not match the backup file
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pattern (`*~`).
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If the server hook code is properly implemented, it should execute when the Git hook is next triggered.
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## Chained server hooks
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GitLab can execute server hooks in a chain. GitLab searches for and executes server hooks in the following order:
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- Built-in GitLab server hooks. These server hooks are not customizable by users.
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- `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>`: Per-project hooks. This location is kept for backwards compatibility.
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- `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>.d/*`: Location for per-project hooks.
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- `<custom_hooks_dir>/<hook_name>.d/*`: Location for all executable global hook files except editor backup files.
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Within a server hooks directory, hooks:
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- Are executed in alphabetical order.
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- Stop executing when a hook exits with a non-zero value.
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## Environment variables available to server hooks
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You can pass any environment variable to server hooks, but you should only rely on supported environment variables.
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The following GitLab environment variables are supported for all server hooks:
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| Environment variable | Description |
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|:---------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| `GL_ID` | GitLab identifier of user that initiated the push. For example, `user-2234`. |
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| `GL_PROJECT_PATH` | (GitLab 13.2 and later) GitLab project path. |
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| `GL_PROTOCOL` | (GitLab 13.2 and later) Protocol used for this change. One of: `http` (Git `push` using HTTP), `ssh` (Git `push` using SSH), or `web` (all other actions). |
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| `GL_REPOSITORY` | `project-<id>` where `id` is the ID of the project. |
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| `GL_USERNAME` | GitLab username of the user that initiated the push. |
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The following Git environment variables are supported for `pre-receive` and `post-receive` server hooks:
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| Environment variable | Description |
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|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| `GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` | Alternate object directories in the quarantine environment. See [Git `receive-pack` documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-receive-pack#_quarantine_environment). |
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| `GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` | GitLab project path in the quarantine environment. See [Git `receive-pack` documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-receive-pack#_quarantine_environment). |
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| `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT` | Number of [push options](../user/project/push_options.md). See [Git `pre-receive` documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#pre-receive). |
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| `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_<i>` | Value of [push options](../user/project/push_options.md) where `i` is from `0` to `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT - 1`. See [Git `pre-receive` documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#pre-receive). |
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## Custom error messages
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You can have custom error messages appear in the GitLab UI when a commit is declined or an error occurs during the Git
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hook. To display a custom error message, your script must:
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- Send the custom error messages to either the script's `stdout` or `stderr`.
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- Prefix each message with `GL-HOOK-ERR:` with no characters appearing before the prefix.
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For example:
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```shell
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#!/bin/sh
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echo "GL-HOOK-ERR: My custom error message.";
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exit 1
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```
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