358 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
358 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Vuex
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To manage the state of an application you should use [Vuex][vuex-docs].
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_Note:_ All of the below is explained in more detail in the official [Vuex documentation][vuex-docs].
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## Separation of concerns
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Vuex is composed of State, Getters, Mutations, Actions and Modules.
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When a user clicks on an action, we need to `dispatch` it. This action will `commit` a mutation that will change the state.
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_Note:_ The action itself will not update the state, only a mutation should update the state.
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## File structure
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When using Vuex at GitLab, separate this concerns into different files to improve readability:
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```
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└── store
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├── index.js # where we assemble modules and export the store
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├── actions.js # actions
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├── mutations.js # mutations
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├── getters.js # getters
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├── state.js # state
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└── mutation_types.js # mutation types
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```
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The following example shows an application that lists and adds users to the state.
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(For a more complex example implementation take a look at the security applications store in [here](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/tree/master/ee/app/assets/javascripts/vue_shared/security_reports/store))
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### `index.js`
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This is the entry point for our store. You can use the following as a guide:
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```javascript
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import Vue from 'vue';
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import Vuex from 'vuex';
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import * as actions from './actions';
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import * as getters from './getters';
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import mutations from './mutations';
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import state from './state';
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Vue.use(Vuex);
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export default new Vuex.Store({
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actions,
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getters,
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mutations,
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state,
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});
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```
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### `state.js`
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The first thing you should do before writing any code is to design the state.
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Often we need to provide data from haml to our Vue application. Let's store it in the state for better access.
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```javascript
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export default {
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endpoint: null,
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isLoading: false,
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error: null,
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isAddingUser: false,
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errorAddingUser: false,
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users: [],
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};
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```
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#### Access `state` properties
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You can use `mapState` to access state properties in the components.
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### `actions.js`
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An action is a playload of information to send data from our application to our store.
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An action is usually composed by a `type` and a `payload` and they describe what happened.
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Enforcing that every change is described as an action lets us have a clear understanting of what is going on in the app.
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In this file, we will write the actions that will call the respective mutations:
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```javascript
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import * as types from './mutation_types';
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import axios from '~/lib/utils/axios-utils';
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import createFlash from '~/flash';
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export const requestUsers = ({ commit }) => commit(types.REQUEST_USERS);
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export const receiveUsersSuccess = ({ commit }, data) => commit(types.RECEIVE_USERS_SUCCESS, data);
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export const receiveUsersError = ({ commit }, error) => commit(types.REQUEST_USERS_ERROR, error);
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export const fetchUsers = ({ state, dispatch }) => {
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dispatch('requestUsers');
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axios.get(state.endoint)
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.then(({ data }) => dispatch('receiveUsersSuccess', data))
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.catch((error) => {
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dispatch('receiveUsersError', error)
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createFlash('There was an error')
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});
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}
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export const requestAddUser = ({ commit }) => commit(types.REQUEST_ADD_USER);
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export const receiveAddUserSuccess = ({ commit }, data) => commit(types.RECEIVE_ADD_USER_SUCCESS, data);
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export const receiveAddUserError = ({ commit }, error) => commit(types.REQUEST_ADD_USER_ERROR, error);
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export const addUser = ({ state, dispatch }, user) => {
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dispatch('requestAddUser');
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axios.post(state.endoint, user)
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.then(({ data }) => dispatch('receiveAddUserSuccess', data))
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.catch((error) => dispatch('receiveAddUserError', error));
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}
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```
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#### Actions Pattern: `request` and `receive` namespaces
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When a request is made we often want to show a loading state to the user.
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Instead of creating an action to toggle the loading state and dispatch it in the component,
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create:
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1. An action `requestSomething`, to toggle the loading state
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1. An action `receiveSomethingSuccess`, to handle the success callback
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1. An action `receiveSomethingError`, to handle the error callback
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1. An action `fetchSomething` to make the request.
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1. In case your application does more than a `GET` request you can use these as examples:
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1. `PUT`: `createSomething`
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2. `POST`: `updateSomething`
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3. `DELETE`: `deleteSomething`
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The component MUST only dispatch the `fetchNamespace` action. Actions namespaced with `request` or `receive` should not be called from the component
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The `fetch` action will be responsible to dispatch `requestNamespace`, `receiveNamespaceSuccess` and `receiveNamespaceError`
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By following this pattern we guarantee:
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1. All aplications follow the same pattern, making it easier for anyone to maintain the code
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1. All data in the application follows the same lifecycle pattern
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1. Actions are contained and human friendly
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1. Unit tests are easier
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1. Actions are simple and straightforward
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#### Dispatching actions
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To dispatch an action from a component, use the `mapActions` helper:
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```javascript
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import { mapActions } from 'vuex';
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{
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methods: {
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...mapActions([
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'addUser',
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]),
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onClickUser(user) {
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this.addUser(user);
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},
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},
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};
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```
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#### `mutations.js`
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The mutations specify how the application state changes in response to actions sent to the store.
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The only way to change state in a Vuex store should be by committing a mutation.
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**It's a good idea to think of the state before writing any code.**
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Remember that actions only describe that something happened, they don't describe how the application state changes.
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**Never commit a mutation directly from a component**
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```javascript
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import * as types from './mutation_types';
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export default {
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[types.REQUEST_USERS](state) {
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state.isLoading = true;
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},
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[types.RECEIVE_USERS_SUCCESS](state, data) {
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// Do any needed data transformation to the received payload here
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state.users = data;
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state.isLoading = false;
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},
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[types.REQUEST_USERS_ERROR](state, error) {
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state.isLoading = false;
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},
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[types.REQUEST_ADD_USER](state, user) {
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state.isAddingUser = true;
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},
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[types.RECEIVE_ADD_USER_SUCCESS](state, user) {
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state.isAddingUser = false;
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state.users.push(user);
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},
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[types.REQUEST_ADD_USER_ERROR](state, error) {
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state.isAddingUser = true;
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state.errorAddingUser = error∂;
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},
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};
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```
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#### `getters.js`
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Sometimes we may need to get derived state based on store state, like filtering for a specific prop.
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Using a getter will also cache the result based on dependencies due to [how computed props work](https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/computed.html#Computed-Caching-vs-Methods)
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This can be done through the `getters`:
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```javascript
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// get all the users with pets
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export const getUsersWithPets = (state, getters) => {
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return state.users.filter(user => user.pet !== undefined);
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};
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```
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To access a getter from a component, use the `mapGetters` helper:
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```javascript
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import { mapGetters } from 'vuex';
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{
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computed: {
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...mapGetters([
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'getUsersWithPets',
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]),
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},
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};
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```
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#### `mutations_types.js`
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From [vuex mutations docs][vuex-mutations]:
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> It is a commonly seen pattern to use constants for mutation types in various Flux implementations. This allows the code to take advantage of tooling like linters, and putting all constants in a single file allows your collaborators to get an at-a-glance view of what mutations are possible in the entire application.
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```javascript
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export const ADD_USER = 'ADD_USER';
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```
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### How to include the store in your application
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The store should be included in the main component of your application:
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```javascript
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// app.vue
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import store from 'store'; // it will include the index.js file
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export default {
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name: 'application',
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store,
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...
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};
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```
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### Communicating with the Store
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```javascript
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<script>
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import { mapActions, mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex';
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import store from './store';
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export default {
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store,
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computed: {
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...mapGetters([
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'getUsersWithPets'
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]),
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...mapState([
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'isLoading',
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'users',
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'error',
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]),
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},
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methods: {
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...mapActions([
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'fetchUsers',
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'addUser',
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]),
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onClickAddUser(data) {
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this.addUser(data);
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}
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},
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created() {
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this.fetchUsers()
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}
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}
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</script>
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<template>
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<ul>
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<li v-if="isLoading">
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Loading...
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</li>
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<li v-else-if="error">
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{{ error }}
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</li>
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<template v-else>
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<li
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v-for="user in users"
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:key="user.id"
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>
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{{ user }}
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</li>
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</template>
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</ul>
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</template>
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```
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### Vuex Gotchas
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1. Do not call a mutation directly. Always use an action to commit a mutation. Doing so will keep consistency through out the application. From Vuex docs:
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> why don't we just call store.commit('action') directly? Well, remember that mutations must be synchronous? Actions aren't. We can perform asynchronous operations inside an action.
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```javascript
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// component.vue
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// bad
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created() {
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this.$store.commit('mutation');
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}
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// good
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created() {
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this.$store.dispatch('action');
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}
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```
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1. Use mutation types instead of hardcoding strings. It will be less error prone.
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1. The State will be accessible in all components descending from the use where the store is instantiated.
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### Testing Vuex
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#### Testing Vuex concerns
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Refer to [vuex docs][vuex-testing] regarding testing Actions, Getters and Mutations.
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#### Testing components that need a store
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Smaller components might use `store` properties to access the data.
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In order to write unit tests for those components, we need to include the store and provide the correct state:
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```javascript
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//component_spec.js
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import Vue from 'vue';
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import store from './store';
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import component from './component.vue'
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describe('component', () => {
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let vm;
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let Component;
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beforeEach(() => {
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Component = Vue.extend(issueActions);
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});
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afterEach(() => {
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vm.$destroy();
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});
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it('should show a user', () => {
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const user = {
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name: 'Foo',
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age: '30',
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};
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// populate the store
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store.dipatch('addUser', user);
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vm = new Component({
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store,
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propsData: props,
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}).$mount();
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});
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});
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```
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[vuex-docs]: https://vuex.vuejs.org
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[vuex-structure]: https://vuex.vuejs.org/en/structure.html
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[vuex-mutations]: https://vuex.vuejs.org/en/mutations.html
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[vuex-testing]: https://vuex.vuejs.org/en/testing.html
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