245 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
245 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
stage: Create
|
|
group: Gitaly
|
|
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
|
|
type: reference
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Moving repositories managed by GitLab **(FREE SELF)**
|
|
|
|
Sometimes you need to move all repositories managed by GitLab to
|
|
another file system or another server.
|
|
|
|
## Moving data within a GitLab instance
|
|
|
|
The GitLab API is the recommended way to move Git repositories:
|
|
|
|
- Between servers.
|
|
- Between different storage.
|
|
- From single-node Gitaly to Gitaly Cluster.
|
|
|
|
For more information, see:
|
|
|
|
- [Configuring additional storage for Gitaly](../gitaly/index.md#network-architecture). This
|
|
example configures additional storage called `storage1` and `storage2`.
|
|
- [The API documentation](../../api/project_repository_storage_moves.md) details the endpoints for
|
|
querying and scheduling project repository moves.
|
|
- [The API documentation](../../api/snippet_repository_storage_moves.md) details the endpoints for
|
|
querying and scheduling snippet repository moves.
|
|
- [The API documentation](../../api/group_repository_storage_moves.md) details the endpoints for
|
|
querying and scheduling group repository moves **(PREMIUM SELF)**.
|
|
- [Migrate existing repositories to Gitaly Cluster](../gitaly/praefect.md#migrate-existing-repositories-to-gitaly-cluster).
|
|
|
|
## Migrating to another GitLab instance
|
|
|
|
[Using the API](#moving-data-within-a-gitlab-instance) isn't an option if you are migrating to a new
|
|
GitLab environment, for example:
|
|
|
|
- From a single-node GitLab to a scaled-out architecture.
|
|
- From a GitLab instance in your private data center to a cloud provider.
|
|
|
|
The rest of the document looks
|
|
at some of the ways you can copy all your repositories from
|
|
`/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories` to `/mnt/gitlab/repositories`.
|
|
|
|
We look at three scenarios:
|
|
|
|
- The target directory is empty.
|
|
- The target directory contains an outdated copy of the repositories.
|
|
- How to deal with thousands of repositories.
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Each of the approaches we list can or does overwrite data in the target directory
|
|
`/mnt/gitlab/repositories`. Do not mix up the source and the target.
|
|
|
|
### Recommended approach in all cases
|
|
|
|
The GitLab [backup and restore capability](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md) should be used. Git
|
|
repositories are accessed, managed, and stored on GitLab servers by Gitaly as a database. Data loss
|
|
can result from directly accessing and copying Gitaly's files using tools like `rsync`.
|
|
|
|
- From GitLab 13.3, backup performance can be improved by
|
|
[processing multiple repositories concurrently](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#back-up-git-repositories-concurrently).
|
|
- Backups can be created of just the repositories using the
|
|
[skip feature](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#excluding-specific-directories-from-the-backup).
|
|
|
|
### Target directory is empty: use a `tar` pipe
|
|
|
|
If the target directory `/mnt/gitlab/repositories` is empty the
|
|
simplest thing to do is to use a `tar` pipe. This method has low
|
|
overhead and `tar` is almost always already installed on your system.
|
|
However, it is not possible to resume an interrupted `tar` pipe: if
|
|
that happens then all data must be copied again.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c 'tar -C /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories -cf - -- . |\
|
|
tar -C /mnt/gitlab/repositories -xf -'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you want to see progress, replace `-xf` with `-xvf`.
|
|
|
|
#### `tar` pipe to another server
|
|
|
|
You can also use a `tar` pipe to copy data to another server. If your
|
|
`git` user has SSH access to the new server as `git@newserver`, you
|
|
can pipe the data through SSH.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c 'tar -C /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories -cf - -- . |\
|
|
ssh git@newserver tar -C /mnt/gitlab/repositories -xf -'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you want to compress the data before it goes over the network
|
|
(which costs you CPU cycles) you can replace `ssh` with `ssh -C`.
|
|
|
|
### The target directory contains an outdated copy of the repositories: use `rsync`
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Using `rsync` to migrate Git data can cause data loss and repository corruption.
|
|
[These instructions are being reviewed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270422).
|
|
|
|
If the target directory already contains a partial / outdated copy
|
|
of the repositories it may be wasteful to copy all the data again
|
|
with `tar`. In this scenario it is better to use `rsync`. This utility
|
|
is either already installed on your system, or installable
|
|
by using `apt` or `yum`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c 'rsync -a --delete /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/. \
|
|
/mnt/gitlab/repositories'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The `/.` in the command above is very important, without it you can
|
|
get the wrong directory structure in the target directory.
|
|
If you want to see progress, replace `-a` with `-av`.
|
|
|
|
#### Single `rsync` to another server
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Using `rsync` to migrate Git data can cause data loss and repository corruption.
|
|
[These instructions are being reviewed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270422).
|
|
|
|
If the `git` user on your source system has SSH access to the target
|
|
server you can send the repositories over the network with `rsync`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c 'rsync -a --delete /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/. \
|
|
git@newserver:/mnt/gitlab/repositories'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Thousands of Git repositories: use one `rsync` per repository
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Using `rsync` to migrate Git data can cause data loss and repository corruption.
|
|
[These instructions are being reviewed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270422).
|
|
|
|
Every time you start an `rsync` job it must:
|
|
|
|
- Inspect all files in the source directory.
|
|
- Inspect all files in the target directory.
|
|
- Decide whether or not to copy files.
|
|
|
|
If the source or target directory
|
|
has many contents, this startup phase of `rsync` can become a burden
|
|
for your GitLab server. You can reduce the workload of `rsync` by dividing its
|
|
work in smaller pieces, and sync one repository at a time.
|
|
|
|
In addition to `rsync` we use [GNU Parallel](http://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/).
|
|
This utility is not included in GitLab, so you must install it yourself with `apt`
|
|
or `yum`.
|
|
|
|
This process does not clean up repositories at the target location that no
|
|
longer exist at the source.
|
|
|
|
#### Parallel `rsync` for all repositories known to GitLab
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Using `rsync` to migrate Git data can cause data loss and repository corruption.
|
|
[These instructions are being reviewed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270422).
|
|
|
|
This syncs repositories with 10 `rsync` processes at a time. We keep
|
|
track of progress so that the transfer can be restarted if necessary.
|
|
|
|
First we create a new directory, owned by `git`, to hold transfer
|
|
logs. We assume the directory is empty before we start the transfer
|
|
procedure, and that we are the only ones writing files in it.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Omnibus
|
|
sudo mkdir /var/opt/gitlab/transfer-logs
|
|
sudo chown git:git /var/opt/gitlab/transfer-logs
|
|
|
|
# Source
|
|
sudo -u git -H mkdir /home/git/transfer-logs
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
We seed the process with a list of the directories we want to copy.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Omnibus
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c 'gitlab-rake gitlab:list_repos > /var/opt/gitlab/transfer-logs/all-repos-$(date +%s).txt'
|
|
|
|
# Source
|
|
cd /home/git/gitlab
|
|
sudo -u git -H sh -c 'bundle exec rake gitlab:list_repos > /home/git/transfer-logs/all-repos-$(date +%s).txt'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Now we can start the transfer. The command below is idempotent, and
|
|
the number of jobs done by GNU Parallel should converge to zero. If it
|
|
does not, some repositories listed in `all-repos-1234.txt` may have been
|
|
deleted/renamed before they could be copied.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Omnibus
|
|
sudo -u git sh -c '
|
|
cat /var/opt/gitlab/transfer-logs/* | sort | uniq -u |\
|
|
/usr/bin/env JOBS=10 \
|
|
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/bin/parallel-rsync-repos \
|
|
/var/opt/gitlab/transfer-logs/success-$(date +%s).log \
|
|
/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories \
|
|
/mnt/gitlab/repositories
|
|
'
|
|
|
|
# Source
|
|
cd /home/git/gitlab
|
|
sudo -u git -H sh -c '
|
|
cat /home/git/transfer-logs/* | sort | uniq -u |\
|
|
/usr/bin/env JOBS=10 \
|
|
bin/parallel-rsync-repos \
|
|
/home/git/transfer-logs/success-$(date +%s).log \
|
|
/home/git/repositories \
|
|
/mnt/gitlab/repositories
|
|
`
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Parallel `rsync` only for repositories with recent activity
|
|
|
|
WARNING:
|
|
Using `rsync` to migrate Git data can cause data loss and repository corruption.
|
|
[These instructions are being reviewed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270422).
|
|
|
|
Suppose you have already done one sync that started after 2015-10-1 12:00 UTC.
|
|
Then you might only want to sync repositories that were changed by using GitLab
|
|
after that time. You can use the `SINCE` variable to tell `rake
|
|
gitlab:list_repos` to only print repositories with recent activity.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Omnibus
|
|
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:list_repos SINCE='2015-10-1 12:00 UTC' |\
|
|
sudo -u git \
|
|
/usr/bin/env JOBS=10 \
|
|
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/bin/parallel-rsync-repos \
|
|
success-$(date +%s).log \
|
|
/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories \
|
|
/mnt/gitlab/repositories
|
|
|
|
# Source
|
|
cd /home/git/gitlab
|
|
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:list_repos SINCE='2015-10-1 12:00 UTC' |\
|
|
sudo -u git -H \
|
|
/usr/bin/env JOBS=10 \
|
|
bin/parallel-rsync-repos \
|
|
success-$(date +%s).log \
|
|
/home/git/repositories \
|
|
/mnt/gitlab/repositories
|
|
```
|