302 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
302 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# GitLab Container Registry
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> **Notes:**
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>
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> - [Introduced][ce-4040] in GitLab 8.8.
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> - Docker Registry manifest `v1` support was added in GitLab 8.9 to support Docker
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> versions earlier than 1.10.
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> - This document is about the user guide. To learn how to enable GitLab Container
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> Registry across your GitLab instance, visit the
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> [administrator documentation](../../administration/container_registry.md).
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> - Starting from GitLab 8.12, if you have 2FA enabled in your account, you need
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> to pass a [personal access token][pat] instead of your password in order to
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> login to GitLab's Container Registry.
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> - Multiple level image names support was added in GitLab 9.1.
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With the Docker Container Registry integrated into GitLab, every project can
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have its own space to store its Docker images.
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You can read more about Docker Registry at <https://docs.docker.com/registry/introduction/>.
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## Enable the Container Registry for your project
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NOTE: **Note:**
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If you cannot find the Container Registry entry under your project's settings,
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that means that it is not enabled in your GitLab instance. Ask your administrator
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to enable it.
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1. First, ask your system administrator to enable GitLab Container Registry
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following the [administration documentation](../../administration/container_registry.md).
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If you are using GitLab.com, this is enabled by default so you can start using
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the Registry immediately. Currently there is a soft (10GB) size restriction for
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registry on GitLab.com, as part of the [repository size limit](repository/index.html#repository-size).
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1. Go to your [project's General settings](settings/index.md#sharing-and-permissions)
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and enable the **Container Registry** feature on your project. For new
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projects this might be enabled by default. For existing projects
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(prior GitLab 8.8), you will have to explicitly enable it.
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1. Hit **Save changes** for the changes to take effect. You should now be able
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to see the **Registry** link in the sidebar.
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## Build and push images
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> **Notes:**
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>
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> - Moving or renaming existing container registry repositories is not supported
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> once you have pushed images because the images are signed, and the
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> signature includes the repository name.
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> - To move or rename a repository with a container registry you will have to
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> delete all existing images.
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If you visit the **Registry** link under your project's menu, you can see the
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explicit instructions to login to the Container Registry using your GitLab
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credentials.
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For example if the Registry's URL is `registry.example.com`, then you should be
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able to login with:
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```
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docker login registry.example.com
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```
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Building and publishing images should be a straightforward process. Just make
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sure that you are using the Registry URL with the namespace and project name
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that is hosted on GitLab:
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```
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docker build -t registry.example.com/group/project/image .
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docker push registry.example.com/group/project/image
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```
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Your image will be named after the following scheme:
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```
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<registry URL>/<namespace>/<project>/<image>
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```
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GitLab supports up to three levels of image repository names.
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Following examples of image tags are valid:
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```
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registry.example.com/group/project:some-tag
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registry.example.com/group/project/image:latest
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registry.example.com/group/project/my/image:rc1
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```
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## Use images from GitLab Container Registry
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To download and run a container from images hosted in GitLab Container Registry,
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use `docker run`:
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```
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docker run [options] registry.example.com/group/project/image [arguments]
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```
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For more information on running Docker containers, visit the
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[Docker documentation][docker-docs].
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## Control Container Registry from within GitLab
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GitLab offers a simple Container Registry management panel. Go to your project
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and click **Registry** in the project menu.
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This view will show you all tags in your project and will easily allow you to
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delete them.
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## Build and push images using GitLab CI
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> **Note:**
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This feature requires GitLab 8.8 and GitLab Runner 1.2.
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Make sure that your GitLab Runner is configured to allow building Docker images by
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following the [Using Docker Build](../../ci/docker/using_docker_build.md)
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and [Using the GitLab Container Registry documentation](../../ci/docker/using_docker_build.md#using-the-gitlab-container-registry).
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## Using with private projects
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> Personal Access tokens were [introduced][ce-11845] in GitLab 9.3.
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> Project Deploy Tokens were [introduced][ce-17894] in GitLab 10.7
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If a project is private, credentials will need to be provided for authorization.
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There are two ways to do this:
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- By using a [personal access token](../profile/personal_access_tokens.md).
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- By using a [deploy token](../project/deploy_tokens/index.md).
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The minimal scope needed for both of them is `read_registry`.
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Example of using a token:
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```sh
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docker login registry.example.com -u <username> -p <token>
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```
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## Troubleshooting the GitLab Container Registry
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### Basic Troubleshooting
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1. Check to make sure that the system clock on your Docker client and GitLab server have
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been synchronized (e.g. via NTP).
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1. If you are using an S3-backed Registry, double check that the IAM
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permissions and the S3 credentials (including region) are correct. See [the
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sample IAM policy](https://docs.docker.com/registry/storage-drivers/s3/)
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for more details.
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1. Check the Registry logs (e.g. `/var/log/gitlab/registry/current`) and the GitLab production logs
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for errors (e.g. `/var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/production.log`). You may be able to find clues
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there.
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#### Enable the registry debug server
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The optional debug server can be enabled by setting the registry debug address
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in your `gitlab.rb` configuration.
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```ruby
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registry['debug_addr'] = "localhost:5001"
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```
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After adding the setting, [reconfigure] GitLab to apply the change.
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Use curl to request debug output from the debug server:
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```bash
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curl localhost:5001/debug/health
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curl localhost:5001/debug/vars
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```
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### Advanced Troubleshooting
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>**NOTE:** The following section is only recommended for experts.
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Sometimes it's not obvious what is wrong, and you may need to dive deeper into
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the communication between the Docker client and the Registry to find out
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what's wrong. We will use a concrete example in the past to illustrate how to
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diagnose a problem with the S3 setup.
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#### Unexpected 403 error during push
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A user attempted to enable an S3-backed Registry. The `docker login` step went
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fine. However, when pushing an image, the output showed:
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```
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The push refers to a repository [s3-testing.myregistry.com:4567/root/docker-test/docker-image]
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dc5e59c14160: Pushing [==================================================>] 14.85 kB
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03c20c1a019a: Pushing [==================================================>] 2.048 kB
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a08f14ef632e: Pushing [==================================================>] 2.048 kB
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228950524c88: Pushing 2.048 kB
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6a8ecde4cc03: Pushing [==> ] 9.901 MB/205.7 MB
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5f70bf18a086: Pushing 1.024 kB
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737f40e80b7f: Waiting
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82b57dbc5385: Waiting
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19429b698a22: Waiting
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9436069b92a3: Waiting
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error parsing HTTP 403 response body: unexpected end of JSON input: ""
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```
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This error is ambiguous, as it's not clear whether the 403 is coming from the
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GitLab Rails application, the Docker Registry, or something else. In this
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case, since we know that since the login succeeded, we probably need to look
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at the communication between the client and the Registry.
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The REST API between the Docker client and Registry is [described
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here](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/). Normally, one would just
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use Wireshark or tcpdump to capture the traffic and see where things went
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wrong. However, since all communications between Docker clients and servers
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are done over HTTPS, it's a bit difficult to decrypt the traffic quickly even
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if you know the private key. What can we do instead?
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One way would be to disable HTTPS by setting up an [insecure
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Registry](https://docs.docker.com/registry/insecure/). This could introduce a
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security hole and is only recommended for local testing. If you have a
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production system and can't or don't want to do this, there is another way:
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use mitmproxy, which stands for Man-in-the-Middle Proxy.
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#### mitmproxy
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[mitmproxy](https://mitmproxy.org/) allows you to place a proxy between your
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client and server to inspect all traffic. One wrinkle is that your system
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needs to trust the mitmproxy SSL certificates for this to work.
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The following installation instructions assume you are running Ubuntu:
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1. [Install mitmproxy](https://docs.mitmproxy.org/stable/overview-installation/).
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1. Run `mitmproxy --port 9000` to generate its certificates.
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Enter <kbd>CTRL</kbd>-<kbd>C</kbd> to quit.
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1. Install the certificate from `~/.mitmproxy` to your system:
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```sh
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sudo cp ~/.mitmproxy/mitmproxy-ca-cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/mitmproxy-ca-cert.crt
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sudo update-ca-certificates
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```
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If successful, the output should indicate that a certificate was added:
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```sh
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Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 1 added, 0 removed; done.
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Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d....done.
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```
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To verify that the certificates are properly installed, run:
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```sh
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mitmproxy --port 9000
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```
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This will run mitmproxy on port `9000`. In another window, run:
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```sh
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curl --proxy http://localhost:9000 https://httpbin.org/status/200
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```
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If everything is set up correctly, you will see information on the mitmproxy window and
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no errors from the curl commands.
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#### Running the Docker daemon with a proxy
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For Docker to connect through a proxy, you must start the Docker daemon with the
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proper environment variables. The easiest way is to shutdown Docker (e.g. `sudo initctl stop docker`)
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and then run Docker by hand. As root, run:
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```sh
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export HTTP_PROXY="http://localhost:9000"
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export HTTPS_PROXY="https://localhost:9000"
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docker daemon --debug
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```
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This will launch the Docker daemon and proxy all connections through mitmproxy.
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#### Running the Docker client
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Now that we have mitmproxy and Docker running, we can attempt to login and push
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a container image. You may need to run as root to do this. For example:
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```sh
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docker login s3-testing.myregistry.com:4567
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docker push s3-testing.myregistry.com:4567/root/docker-test/docker-image
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```
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In the example above, we see the following trace on the mitmproxy window:
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The above image shows:
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- The initial PUT requests went through fine with a 201 status code.
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- The 201 redirected the client to the S3 bucket.
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- The HEAD request to the AWS bucket reported a 403 Unauthorized.
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What does this mean? This strongly suggests that the S3 user does not have the right
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[permissions to perform a HEAD request](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectHEAD.html).
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The solution: check the [IAM permissions again](https://docs.docker.com/registry/storage-drivers/s3/).
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Once the right permissions were set, the error will go away.
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[ce-4040]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/4040
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[ce-11845]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/11845
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[ce-17894]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/17894
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[docker-docs]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/intro/
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[pat]: ../profile/personal_access_tokens.md
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[pdt]: ../project/deploy_tokens/index.md
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[reconfigure]: ../../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure
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