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debian-mirror-gitlab/doc/administration/gitaly/praefect.md
Pirate Praveen a3b55e5cd3 New upstream version 14.5.2+ds1
2021-12-11 22:18:48 +05:30

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Create Gitaly To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments reference

Configure Gitaly Cluster (FREE SELF)

Configure Gitaly Cluster using either:

Smaller GitLab installations may need only Gitaly itself.

Requirements

The minimum recommended configuration for a Gitaly Cluster requires:

  • 1 load balancer
  • 1 PostgreSQL server (PostgreSQL 11 or newer)
  • 3 Praefect nodes
  • 3 Gitaly nodes (1 primary, 2 secondary)

See the design document for implementation details.

NOTE: If not set in GitLab, feature flags are read as false from the console and Praefect uses their default value. The default value depends on the GitLab version.

Network connectivity

Gitaly Cluster components need to communicate with each other over many routes. Your firewall rules must allow the following for Gitaly Cluster to function properly:

From To Default port TLS port
GitLab Praefect load balancer 2305 3305
Praefect load balancer Praefect 2305 3305
Praefect Gitaly 8075 9999
Gitaly GitLab (internal API) 80 443
Gitaly Praefect load balancer 2305 3305
Gitaly Praefect 2305 3305
Gitaly Gitaly 8075 9999

NOTE: Gitaly does not directly connect to Praefect. However, requests from Gitaly to the Praefect load balancer may still be blocked unless firewalls on the Praefect nodes allow traffic from the Gitaly nodes.

Setup Instructions

If you installed GitLab using the Omnibus GitLab package (highly recommended), follow the steps below:

  1. Preparation
  2. Configuring the Praefect database
  3. Configuring the Praefect proxy/router
  4. Configuring each Gitaly node (once for each Gitaly node)
  5. Configure the load balancer
  6. Updating the GitLab server configuration
  7. Configure Grafana

Preparation

Before beginning, you should already have a working GitLab instance. Learn how to install GitLab.

Provision a PostgreSQL server. We recommend using the PostgreSQL that is shipped with Omnibus GitLab and use it to configure the PostgreSQL database. You can use an external PostgreSQL server (version 11 or newer) but you must set it up manually.

Prepare all your new nodes by installing GitLab. You need:

  • 1 PostgreSQL node
  • 1 PgBouncer node (optional)
  • At least 1 Praefect node (minimal storage required)
  • 3 Gitaly nodes (high CPU, high memory, fast storage)
  • 1 GitLab server

You also need the IP/host address for each node:

  1. PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST: the IP/host address of Praefect load balancer
  2. POSTGRESQL_HOST: the IP/host address of the PostgreSQL server
  3. PGBOUNCER_HOST: the IP/host address of the PostgreSQL server
  4. PRAEFECT_HOST: the IP/host address of the Praefect server
  5. GITALY_HOST_*: the IP or host address of each Gitaly server
  6. GITLAB_HOST: the IP/host address of the GitLab server

If you are using Google Cloud Platform, SoftLayer, or any other vendor that provides a virtual private cloud (VPC) you can use the private addresses for each cloud instance (corresponds to "internal address" for Google Cloud Platform) for PRAEFECT_HOST, GITALY_HOST_*, and GITLAB_HOST.

Secrets

The communication between components is secured with different secrets, which are described below. Before you begin, generate a unique secret for each, and make note of it. This enables you to replace these placeholder tokens with secure tokens as you complete the setup process.

  1. GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN: this is used by Git hooks to make callback HTTP API requests to GitLab when accepting a Git push. This secret is shared with GitLab Shell for legacy reasons.
  2. PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN: repositories hosted on your Praefect cluster can only be accessed by Gitaly clients that carry this token.
  3. PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN: this token is used for replication traffic inside your Praefect cluster. This is distinct from PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN because Gitaly clients must not be able to access internal nodes of the Praefect cluster directly; that could lead to data loss.
  4. PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD: this password is used by Praefect to connect to PostgreSQL.
  5. PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH: the hash of password of the Praefect user. Use gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 praefect to generate the hash. The command asks for the password for praefect user. Enter PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD plaintext password. By default, Praefect uses praefect user, but you can change it.
  6. PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH: the hash of password of the PgBouncer user. PgBouncer uses this password to connect to PostgreSQL. For more details see bundled PgBouncer documentation.

We note in the instructions below where these secrets are required.

NOTE: Omnibus GitLab installations can use gitlab-secrets.json for GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN.

PostgreSQL

NOTE: Do not store the GitLab application database and the Praefect database on the same PostgreSQL server if using Geo. The replication state is internal to each instance of GitLab and should not be replicated.

These instructions help set up a single PostgreSQL database, which creates a single point of failure. Alternatively, you can use PostgreSQL replication and failover.

The following options are available:

Manual database setup

To complete this section you need:

  • One Praefect node
  • One PostgreSQL node (version 11 or newer)
    • A PostgreSQL user with permissions to manage the database server

In this section, we configure the PostgreSQL database. This can be used for both external and Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL server.

To run the following instructions, you can use the Praefect node, where psql is installed by Omnibus GitLab (/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql). If you are using the Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL you can use gitlab-psql on the PostgreSQL node instead:

  1. Create a new user praefect to be used by Praefect:

    CREATE ROLE praefect WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD';

    Replace PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD with the strong password you generated in the preparation step.

  2. Create a new database praefect_production that is owned by praefect user.

    CREATE DATABASE praefect_production WITH OWNER praefect ENCODING UTF8;

For using Omnibus-provided PgBouncer you need to take the following additional steps. We strongly recommend using the PostgreSQL that is shipped with Omnibus as the backend. The following instructions only work on Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL:

  1. For Omnibus-provided PgBouncer, you need to use the hash of praefect user instead the of the actual password:

    ALTER ROLE praefect WITH PASSWORD 'md5<PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH>';

    Replace <PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH> with the hash of the password you generated in the preparation step. It is prefixed with md5 literal.

  2. The PgBouncer that is shipped with Omnibus is configured to use auth_query and uses pg_shadow_lookup function. You need to create this function in praefect_production database:

    CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(in i_username text, out username text, out password text) RETURNS record AS $$
BEGIN
    SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_catalog.pg_shadow
    WHERE usename = i_username INTO username, password;
    RETURN;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;

REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(text) FROM public, pgbouncer;
GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(text) TO pgbouncer;

The database used by Praefect is now configured.

If you see Praefect database errors after configuring PostgreSQL, see troubleshooting steps.

Use PgBouncer

To reduce PostgreSQL resource consumption, we recommend setting up and configuring PgBouncer in front of the PostgreSQL instance. To do this, you must point Praefect to PgBouncer by setting Praefect database parameters:

praefect['database_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST
praefect['database_port'] = 6432
praefect['database_user'] = 'praefect'
praefect['database_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD
praefect['database_dbname'] = 'praefect_production'
#praefect['database_sslmode'] = '...'
#praefect['database_sslcert'] = '...'
#praefect['database_sslkey'] = '...'
#praefect['database_sslrootcert'] = '...'

Praefect requires an additional connection to the PostgreSQL that supports the LISTEN feature. With PgBouncer this feature is only available with session pool mode (pool_mode = session). It is not supported in transaction pool mode (pool_mode = transaction).

For the additional connection, you must either:

  • Connect Praefect directly to PostgreSQL and bypass PgBouncer.
  • Configure a new PgBouncer database that uses to the same PostgreSQL database endpoint, but with different pool mode. That is, pool_mode = session.

Praefect can be configured to use different connection parameters for direct access to PostgreSQL. This is the connection that supports the LISTEN feature.

Here is an example of Praefect that bypasses PgBouncer and directly connects to PostgreSQL:

praefect['database_direct_host'] = POSTGRESQL_HOST
praefect['database_direct_port'] = 5432

# Use the following to override parameters of direct database connection.
# Comment out where the parameters are the same for both connections.

praefect['database_direct_user'] = 'praefect'
praefect['database_direct_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD
praefect['database_direct_dbname'] = 'praefect_production'
#praefect['database_direct_sslmode'] = '...'
#praefect['database_direct_sslcert'] = '...'
#praefect['database_direct_sslkey'] = '...'
#praefect['database_direct_sslrootcert'] = '...'

We recommend using PgBouncer with session pool mode instead. You can use the bundled PgBouncer or use an external PgBouncer and configure it manually.

The following example uses the bundled PgBouncer and sets up two separate connection pools, one in session pool mode and the other in transaction pool mode. For this example to work, you need to prepare PostgreSQL server with setup instruction:

pgbouncer['databases'] = {
  # Other database configuration including gitlabhq_production
  ...

  praefect_production: {
    host: POSTGRESQL_HOST,
    # Use `pgbouncer` user to connect to database backend.
    user: 'pgbouncer',
    password: PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH,
    pool_mode: 'transaction'
  }
  praefect_production_direct: {
    host: POSTGRESQL_HOST,
    # Use `pgbouncer` user to connect to database backend.
    user: 'pgbouncer',
    password: PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH,
    dbname: 'praefect_production',
    pool_mode: 'session'
  },

  ...
}

Both praefect_production and praefect_production_direct use the same database endpoint (praefect_production), but with different pool modes. This translates to the following databases section of PgBouncer:

[databases]
praefect_production = host=POSTGRESQL_HOST auth_user=pgbouncer pool_mode=transaction
praefect_production_direct = host=POSTGRESQL_HOST auth_user=pgbouncer dbname=praefect_production pool_mode=session

Now you can configure Praefect to use PgBouncer for both connections:

praefect['database_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST
praefect['database_port'] = 6432
praefect['database_user'] = 'praefect'
# `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD` is the plain-text password of
# Praefect user. Not to be confused with `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH`.
praefect['database_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD

praefect['database_dbname'] = 'praefect_production'
praefect['database_direct_dbname'] = 'praefect_production_direct'

# There is no need to repeat the following. Parameters of direct
# database connection will fall back to the values above.

#praefect['database_direct_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST
#praefect['database_direct_port'] = 6432
#praefect['database_direct_user'] = 'praefect'
#praefect['database_direct_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD

With this configuration, Praefect uses PgBouncer for both connection types.

NOTE: Omnibus GitLab handles the authentication requirements (using auth_query), but if you are preparing your databases manually and configuring an external PgBouncer, you must include praefect user and its password in the file used by PgBouncer. For example, userlist.txt if the auth_file configuration option is set. For more details, consult the PgBouncer documentation.

Praefect

Introduced in GitLab 13.4, Praefect nodes can no longer be designated as primary.

If there are multiple Praefect nodes:

  • Complete the following steps for each node.
  • Designate one node as the "deploy node", and configure it first.

To complete this section you need a configured PostgreSQL server, including:

WARNING: Praefect should be run on a dedicated node. Do not run Praefect on the application server, or a Gitaly node.

On the Praefect node:

  1. Disable all other services by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb:

    # Disable all other services on the Praefect node
postgresql['enable'] = false
redis['enable'] = false
nginx['enable'] = false
alertmanager['enable'] = false
prometheus['enable'] = false
grafana['enable'] = false
puma['enable'] = false
sidekiq['enable'] = false
gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false
gitaly['enable'] = false

# Enable only the Praefect service
praefect['enable'] = true

# Prevent database connections during 'gitlab-ctl reconfigure'
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
praefect['auto_migrate'] = false

  2. Configure Praefect to listen on network interfaces by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb:

    praefect['listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:2305'

# Enable Prometheus metrics access to Praefect. You must use firewalls
# to restrict access to this address/port.
praefect['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9652'

  3. Configure a strong auth_token for Praefect by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb. This is needed by clients outside the cluster (like GitLab Shell) to communicate with the Praefect cluster:

    praefect['auth_token'] = 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN'

  4. Configure Praefect to connect to the PostgreSQL database. We highly recommend using PgBouncer as well.

    If you want to use a TLS client certificate, the options below can be used:

    # Connect to PostgreSQL using a TLS client certificate
# praefect['database_sslcert'] = '/path/to/client-cert'
# praefect['database_sslkey'] = '/path/to/client-key'

# Trust a custom certificate authority
# praefect['database_sslrootcert'] = '/path/to/rootcert'

    By default, Praefect refuses to make an unencrypted connection to PostgreSQL. You can override this by uncommenting the following line:

    # praefect['database_sslmode'] = 'disable'

  5. Configure the Praefect cluster to connect to each Gitaly node in the cluster by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

    The virtual storage's name must match the configured storage name in GitLab configuration. In a later step, we configure the storage name as default so we use default here as well. This cluster has three Gitaly nodes gitaly-1, gitaly-2, and gitaly-3, which are intended to be replicas of each other.

    WARNING: If you have data on an already existing storage called default, you should configure the virtual storage with another name and migrate the data to the Gitaly Cluster storage afterwards.

    Replace PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN with a strong secret, which is used by Praefect when communicating with Gitaly nodes in the cluster. This token is distinct from the PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN.

    Replace GITALY_HOST_* with the IP or host address of the each Gitaly node.

    More Gitaly nodes can be added to the cluster to increase the number of replicas. More clusters can also be added for very large GitLab instances.

    NOTE: When adding additional Gitaly nodes to a virtual storage, all storage names within that virtual storage must be unique. Additionally, all Gitaly node addresses referenced in the Praefect configuration must be unique.

    # Name of storage hash must match storage name in git_data_dirs on GitLab
# server ('default') and in git_data_dirs on Gitaly nodes ('gitaly-1')
praefect['virtual_storages'] = {
  'default' => {
    'nodes' => {
      'gitaly-1' => {
        'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_1:8075',
        'token'   => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN',
      },
      'gitaly-2' => {
        'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_2:8075',
        'token'   => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN'
      },
      'gitaly-3' => {
        'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_3:8075',
        'token'   => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN'
      }
    }
  }
}

    NOTE: In GitLab 13.8 and earlier, Gitaly nodes were configured directly under the virtual storage, and not under the nodes key.

  6. Introduced in GitLab 13.1 and later, enable distribution of reads.

  7. Save the changes to /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and reconfigure Praefect:

    gitlab-ctl reconfigure

  8. For:

    • The "deploy node":

      1. Enable Praefect auto-migration again by setting praefect['auto_migrate'] = true in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

      2. To ensure database migrations are only run during reconfigure and not automatically on upgrade, run:

        sudo touch /etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure

    • The other nodes, you can leave the settings as they are. Though /etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure isn't required, you may want to set it to prevent GitLab running reconfigure automatically when running commands such as apt-get update. This way any additional configuration changes can be done and then reconfigure can be run manually.

  9. Save the changes to /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and reconfigure Praefect:

    gitlab-ctl reconfigure

  10. To ensure that Praefect has updated its Prometheus listen address, restart Praefect:

    gitlab-ctl restart praefect

  11. Verify that Praefect can reach PostgreSQL:

    sudo -u git /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml sql-ping

    If the check fails, make sure you have followed the steps correctly. If you edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb, remember to run sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure again before trying the sql-ping command.

The steps above must be completed for each Praefect node!

Enabling TLS support

Introduced in GitLab 13.2.

Praefect supports TLS encryption. To communicate with a Praefect instance that listens for secure connections, you must:

  • Use a tls:// URL scheme in the gitaly_address of the corresponding storage entry in the GitLab configuration.
  • Bring your own certificates because this isn't provided automatically. The certificate corresponding to each Praefect server must be installed on that Praefect server.

Additionally the certificate, or its certificate authority, must be installed on all Gitaly servers and on all Praefect clients that communicate with it following the procedure described in GitLab custom certificate configuration (and repeated below).

Note the following:

  • The certificate must specify the address you use to access the Praefect server. If addressing the Praefect server by:

    • Hostname, you can either use the Common Name field for this, or add it as a Subject Alternative Name.
    • IP address, you must add it as a Subject Alternative Name to the certificate.

  • You can configure Praefect servers with both an unencrypted listening address listen_addr and an encrypted listening address tls_listen_addr at the same time. This allows you to do a gradual transition from unencrypted to encrypted traffic, if necessary.

To configure Praefect with TLS:

For Omnibus GitLab

  1. Create certificates for Praefect servers.

  2. On the Praefect servers, create the /etc/gitlab/ssl directory and copy your key and certificate there:

    sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl
sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl
sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/
sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem

  3. Edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and add:

    praefect['tls_listen_addr'] = "0.0.0.0:3305"
praefect['certificate_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem"
praefect['key_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem"

  4. Save the file and reconfigure.

  5. On the Praefect clients (including each Gitaly server), copy the certificates, or their certificate authority, into /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs:

    sudo cp cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/

  6. On the Praefect clients (except Gitaly servers), edit git_data_dirs in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb as follows:

    git_data_dirs({
  "default" => {
    "gitaly_address" => 'tls://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:2305',
    "gitaly_token" => 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN'
  }
})

  7. Save the file and reconfigure GitLab.

For installations from source

  1. Create certificates for Praefect servers.

  2. On the Praefect servers, create the /etc/gitlab/ssl directory and copy your key and certificate there:

    sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl
sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl
sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/
sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem

  3. On the Praefect clients (including each Gitaly server), copy the certificates, or their certificate authority, into the system trusted certificates:

    sudo cp cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/praefect.crt
sudo update-ca-certificates

  4. On the Praefect clients (except Gitaly servers), edit storages in /home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml as follows:

    gitlab:
  repositories:
    storages:
      default:
        gitaly_address: tls://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:3305
        path: /some/local/path

    NOTE: /some/local/path should be set to a local folder that exists, however no data is stored in this folder. This requirement is scheduled to be removed when this issue is resolved.

  5. Save the file and restart GitLab.

  6. Copy all Praefect server certificates, or their certificate authority, to the system trusted certificates on each Gitaly server so the Praefect server trusts the certificate when called by Gitaly servers:

    sudo cp cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/praefect.crt
sudo update-ca-certificates

  7. Edit /home/git/praefect/config.toml and add:

    tls_listen_addr = '0.0.0.0:3305'

[tls]
certificate_path = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem'
key_path = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem'

  8. Save the file and restart GitLab.

Gitaly

NOTE: Complete these steps for each Gitaly node.

To complete this section you need:

  • Configured Praefect node
  • 3 (or more) servers, with GitLab installed, to be configured as Gitaly nodes. These should be dedicated nodes, do not run other services on these nodes.

Every Gitaly server assigned to the Praefect cluster needs to be configured. The configuration is the same as a normal standalone Gitaly server, except:

  • The storage names are exposed to Praefect, not GitLab
  • The secret token is shared with Praefect, not GitLab

The configuration of all Gitaly nodes in the Praefect cluster can be identical, because we rely on Praefect to route operations correctly.

Particular attention should be shown to:

  • The gitaly['auth_token'] configured in this section must match the token value under praefect['virtual_storages']['nodes'] on the Praefect node. This was set in the previous section. This document uses the placeholder PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN throughout.
  • The storage names in git_data_dirs configured in this section must match the storage names under praefect['virtual_storages'] on the Praefect node. This was set in the previous section. This document uses gitaly-1, gitaly-2, and gitaly-3 as Gitaly storage names.

For more information on Gitaly server configuration, see our Gitaly documentation.

  1. SSH into the Gitaly node and login as root:

    sudo -i

  2. Disable all other services by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb:

    # Disable all other services on the Praefect node
postgresql['enable'] = false
redis['enable'] = false
nginx['enable'] = false
grafana['enable'] = false
puma['enable'] = false
sidekiq['enable'] = false
gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false
prometheus_monitoring['enable'] = false

# Enable only the Gitaly service
gitaly['enable'] = true

# Enable Prometheus if needed
prometheus['enable'] = true

# Prevent database connections during 'gitlab-ctl reconfigure'
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

  3. Configure Gitaly to listen on network interfaces by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb:

    # Make Gitaly accept connections on all network interfaces.
# Use firewalls to restrict access to this address/port.
gitaly['listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:8075'

# Enable Prometheus metrics access to Gitaly. You must use firewalls
# to restrict access to this address/port.
gitaly['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9236'

  4. Configure a strong auth_token for Gitaly by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb. This is needed by clients to communicate with this Gitaly nodes. Typically, this token is the same for all Gitaly nodes.

    gitaly['auth_token'] = 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN'

  5. Configure the GitLab Shell secret token, which is needed for git push operations. Either:

    • Method 1:

      1. Copy /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json from the Gitaly client to same path on the Gitaly servers and any other Gitaly clients.
      2. Reconfigure GitLab on Gitaly servers.

    • Method 2:

      1. Edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

      2. Replace GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN with the real secret.

        gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN'

  6. Configure and internal_api_url, which is also needed for git push operations:

    # Configure the gitlab-shell API callback URL. Without this, `git push` will
# fail. This can be your front door GitLab URL or an internal load balancer.
# Examples: 'https://gitlab.example.com', 'http://1.2.3.4'
gitlab_rails['internal_api_url'] = 'http://GITLAB_HOST'

  7. Configure the storage location for Git data by setting git_data_dirs in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb. Each Gitaly node should have a unique storage name (such as gitaly-1).

    Instead of configuring git_data_dirs uniquely for each Gitaly node, it is often easier to have include the configuration for all Gitaly nodes on every Gitaly node. This is supported because the Praefect virtual_storages configuration maps each storage name (such as gitaly-1) to a specific node, and requests are routed accordingly. This means every Gitaly node in your fleet can share the same configuration.

    # You can include the data dirs for all nodes in the same config, because
# Praefect will only route requests according to the addresses provided in the
# prior step.
git_data_dirs({
  "gitaly-1" => {
    "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data"
  },
  "gitaly-2" => {
    "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data"
  },
  "gitaly-3" => {
    "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data"
  }
})

  8. Save the changes to /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and reconfigure Gitaly:

    gitlab-ctl reconfigure

  9. To ensure that Gitaly has updated its Prometheus listen address, restart Gitaly:

    gitlab-ctl restart gitaly

The steps above must be completed for each Gitaly node!

After all Gitaly nodes are configured, run the Praefect connection checker to verify Praefect can connect to all Gitaly servers in the Praefect configuration.

  1. SSH into each Praefect node and run the Praefect connection checker:

    sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dial-nodes

Load Balancer

In a fault-tolerant Gitaly configuration, a load balancer is needed to route internal traffic from the GitLab application to the Praefect nodes. The specifics on which load balancer to use or the exact configuration is beyond the scope of the GitLab documentation.

NOTE: The load balancer must be configured to accept traffic from the Gitaly nodes in addition to the GitLab nodes. Some requests handled by gitaly-ruby sidecar processes call into the main Gitaly process. gitaly-ruby uses the Gitaly address set in the GitLab server's git_data_dirs setting to make this connection.

We hope that if you're managing fault-tolerant systems like GitLab, you have a load balancer of choice already. Some examples include HAProxy (open-source), Google Internal Load Balancer, AWS Elastic Load Balancer, F5 Big-IP LTM, and Citrix Net Scaler. This documentation outlines what ports and protocols you need configure.

WARNING: Long-running background jobs can maintain an idle connection with Praefect for up 6 hours. Set your load balancer timeout to be at least 6 hours long.

LB Port Backend Port Protocol
2305 2305 TCP

GitLab

To complete this section you need:

The Praefect cluster needs to be exposed as a storage location to the GitLab application. This is done by updating the git_data_dirs.

Particular attention should be shown to:

  • the storage name added to git_data_dirs in this section must match the storage name under praefect['virtual_storages'] on the Praefect node(s). This was set in the Praefect section of this guide. This document uses default as the Praefect storage name.

  1. SSH into the GitLab node and login as root:

    sudo -i

  2. Configure the external_url so that files could be served by GitLab by proper endpoint access by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb:

    You need to replace GITLAB_SERVER_URL with the real external facing URL on which current GitLab instance is serving:

    external_url 'GITLAB_SERVER_URL'

  3. Disable the default Gitaly service running on the GitLab host. It isn't needed because GitLab connects to the configured cluster.

    WARNING: If you have existing data stored on the default Gitaly storage, you should migrate the data your Gitaly Cluster storage first.

    gitaly['enable'] = false

  4. Add the Praefect cluster as a storage location by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

    You need to replace:

    • PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST with the IP address or hostname of the load balancer.
    • PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN with the real secret

    If you are using TLS, the gitaly_address should begin with tls://.

    git_data_dirs({
  "default" => {
    "gitaly_address" => "tcp://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:2305",
    "gitaly_token" => 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN'
  }
})

  5. Configure the GitLab Shell secret token so that callbacks from Gitaly nodes during a git push are properly authenticated. Either:

    • Method 1:

      1. Copy /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json from the Gitaly client to same path on the Gitaly servers and any other Gitaly clients.
      2. Reconfigure GitLab on Gitaly servers.

    • Method 2:

      1. Edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

      2. Replace GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN with the real secret.

        gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN'

  6. Add Prometheus monitoring settings by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb. If Prometheus is enabled on a different node, make edits on that node instead.

    You need to replace:

    • PRAEFECT_HOST with the IP address or hostname of the Praefect node
    • GITALY_HOST_* with the IP address or hostname of each Gitaly node
    prometheus['scrape_configs'] = [
  {
    'job_name' => 'praefect',
    'static_configs' => [
      'targets' => [
        'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-1
        'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-2
        'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-3
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    'job_name' => 'praefect-gitaly',
    'static_configs' => [
      'targets' => [
        'GITALY_HOST_1:9236', # gitaly-1
        'GITALY_HOST_2:9236', # gitaly-2
        'GITALY_HOST_3:9236', # gitaly-3
      ]
    ]
  }
]

  7. Save the changes to /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and reconfigure GitLab:

    gitlab-ctl reconfigure

  8. Verify on each Gitaly node the Git Hooks can reach GitLab. On each Gitaly node run:

    /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly-hooks check /var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/config.toml

  9. Verify that GitLab can reach Praefect:

    gitlab-rake gitlab:gitaly:check

  10. Check that the Praefect storage is configured to store new repositories:

    1. On the top bar, select Menu > Admin.
    2. On the left sidebar, select Settings > Repository.
    3. Expand the Repository storage section.

    Following this guide, the default storage should have weight 100 to store all new repositories.

  11. Verify everything is working by creating a new project. Check the "Initialize repository with a README" box so that there is content in the repository that viewed. If the project is created, and you can see the README file, it works!

Use TCP for existing GitLab instances

When adding Gitaly Cluster to an existing Gitaly instance, the existing Gitaly storage must use a TCP address. If gitaly_address is not specified, then a Unix socket is used, which prevents the communication with the cluster.

For example:

git_data_dirs({
  'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://old-gitaly.internal:8075' },
  'cluster' => {
    'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://<PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST>:2305',
    'gitaly_token' => '<praefect_external_token>'
  }
})

See Mixed Configuration for further information on running multiple Gitaly storages.

Grafana

Grafana is included with GitLab, and can be used to monitor your Praefect cluster. See Grafana Dashboard Service for detailed documentation.

To get started quickly:

  1. SSH into the GitLab node (or whichever node has Grafana enabled) and login as root:

    sudo -i

  2. Enable the Grafana login form by editing /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb.

    grafana['disable_login_form'] = false

  3. Save the changes to /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and reconfigure GitLab:

    gitlab-ctl reconfigure

  4. Set the Grafana administrator password. This command prompts you to enter a new password:

    gitlab-ctl set-grafana-password

  5. In your web browser, open /-/grafana (such as https://gitlab.example.com/-/grafana) on your GitLab server.

    Login using the password you set, and the username admin.

  6. Go to Explore and query gitlab_build_info to verify that you are getting metrics from all your machines.

Congratulations! You've configured an observable fault-tolerant Praefect cluster.

Configure strong consistency

To enable strong consistency:

  • In GitLab 13.5, you must use Git v2.28.0 or higher on Gitaly nodes to enable strong consistency.
  • In GitLab 13.4 and later, the strong consistency voting strategy has been improved and enabled by default. Instead of requiring all nodes to agree, only the primary and half of the secondaries need to agree.
  • In GitLab 13.3, reference transactions are enabled by default with a primary-wins strategy. This strategy causes all transactions to succeed for the primary and thus does not ensure strong consistency. To enable strong consistency, disable the :gitaly_reference_transactions_primary_wins feature flag.
  • In GitLab 13.2, enable the :gitaly_reference_transactions feature flag.
  • In GitLab 13.1, enable the :gitaly_reference_transactions and :gitaly_hooks_rpc feature flags.

Changing feature flags requires access to the Rails console. In the Rails console, enable or disable the flags as required. For example:

Feature.enable(:gitaly_reference_transactions)
Feature.disable(:gitaly_reference_transactions_primary_wins)

For information on monitoring strong consistency, see the relevant documentation.

Configure replication factor

WARNING: Configurable replication factors require repository-specific primary nodes to be used.

Praefect supports configuring a replication factor on a per-repository basis, by assigning specific storage nodes to host a repository.

Praefect does not store the actual replication factor, but assigns enough storages to host the repository so the desired replication factor is met. If a storage node is later removed from the virtual storage, the replication factor of repositories assigned to the storage is decreased accordingly.

You can configure:

  • A default replication factor for each virtual storage that is applied to newly-created repositories. The configuration is added to the /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file:

    praefect['virtual_storages'] = {
  'default' => {
    'default_replication_factor' => 1,
    # ...
  }
}

  • A replication factor for an existing repository using the set-replication-factor sub-command. set-replication-factor automatically assigns or unassigns random storage nodes as necessary to reach the desired replication factor. The repository's primary node is always assigned first and is never unassigned.

    sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml set-replication-factor -virtual-storage <virtual-storage> -repository <relative-path> -replication-factor <replication-factor>
    • -virtual-storage is the virtual storage the repository is located in.
    • -repository is the repository's relative path in the storage.
    • -replication-factor is the desired replication factor of the repository. The minimum value is 1, as the primary needs a copy of the repository. The maximum replication factor is the number of storages in the virtual storage.

    On success, the assigned host storages are printed. For example:

    $ sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml set-replication-factor -virtual-storage default -repository @hashed/3f/db/3fdba35f04dc8c462986c992bcf875546257113072a909c162f7e470e581e278.git -replication-factor 2

current assignments: gitaly-1, gitaly-2

Automatic failover and primary election strategies

Praefect regularly checks the health of each Gitaly node. This is used to automatically fail over to a newly-elected primary Gitaly node if the current primary node is found to be unhealthy.

We recommend using repository-specific primary nodes. This is planned to be the only available election strategy from GitLab 14.0.

Repository-specific primary nodes

Introduced in GitLab 13.12.

Gitaly Cluster supports electing repository-specific primary Gitaly nodes. Repository-specific Gitaly primary nodes are enabled in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb by setting praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'.

Praefect's deprecated election strategies:

  • Elected a primary Gitaly node for each virtual storage, which was used as the primary node for each repository in the virtual storage.
  • Prevented horizontal scaling of a virtual storage. The primary Gitaly node needed a replica of each repository and thus became the bottleneck.

The per_repository election strategy solves this problem by electing a primary Gitaly node separately for each repository. Combined with configurable replication factors, you can horizontally scale storage capacity and distribute write load across Gitaly nodes.

Primary elections are run:

  • In GitLab 14.1 and later, lazily. This means that Praefect doesn't immediately elect a new primary node if the current one is unhealthy. A new primary is elected if it is necessary to serve a request while the current primary is unavailable.
  • In GitLab 13.12 to GitLab 14.0 when:
    • Praefect starts up.
    • The cluster's consensus of a Gitaly node's health changes.

A valid primary node candidate is a Gitaly node that:

  • Is healthy. A Gitaly node is considered healthy if >=50% Praefect nodes have successfully health checked the Gitaly node in the previous ten seconds.
  • Has a fully up to date copy of the repository.

If there are multiple primary node candidates, Praefect:

  • Picks one of them randomly.
  • Prioritizes promoting a Gitaly node that is assigned to host the repository. If there are no assigned Gitaly nodes to elect as the primary, Praefect may temporarily elect an unassigned one. The unassigned primary is demoted in favor of an assigned one when one becomes available.

If there are no valid primary candidates for a repository:

  • The unhealthy primary node is demoted and the repository is left without a primary node.
  • Operations that require a primary node fail until a primary is successfully elected.

Migrate to repository-specific primary Gitaly nodes

New Gitaly Clusters can start using the per_repository election strategy immediately.

To migrate existing clusters:

  1. Praefect nodes didn't historically keep database records of every repository stored on the cluster. When the per_repository election strategy is configured, Praefect expects to have database records of each repository. A background migration is included in GitLab 13.6 and later to create any missing database records for repositories. Before migrating you should verify the migration has run by checking Praefect's logs:

    Check Praefect's logs for repository importer finished message. The virtual_storages field contains the names of virtual storages and whether they've had any missing database records created.

    For example, the default virtual storage has been successfully migrated:

    {"level":"info","msg":"repository importer finished","pid":19752,"time":"2021-04-28T11:41:36.743Z","virtual_storages":{"default":true}}

    If a virtual storage has not been successfully migrated, it would have false next to it:

    {"level":"info","msg":"repository importer finished","pid":19752,"time":"2021-04-28T11:41:36.743Z","virtual_storages":{"default":false}}

    The migration is ran when Praefect starts up. If the migration is unsuccessful, you can restart a Praefect node to reattempt it. The migration only runs with sql election strategy configured.

  2. Running two different election strategies side by side can cause a split brain, where different Praefect nodes consider repositories to have different primaries. This can be avoided either:

    • If a short downtime is acceptable:

      1. Shut down all Praefect nodes before changing the election strategy. Do this by running gitlab-ctl stop praefect on the Praefect nodes.

      2. On the Praefect nodes, configure the election strategy in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb with praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'.

      3. Run gitlab-ctl reconfigure && gitlab-ctl start to reconfigure and start the Praefects.

    • If downtime is unacceptable:

      1. Determine which Gitaly node is the current primary.

      2. Comment out the secondary Gitaly nodes from the virtual storage's configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb on all Praefect nodes. This ensures there's only one Gitaly node configured, causing both of the election strategies to elect the same Gitaly node as the primary.

      3. Run gitlab-ctl reconfigure on all Praefect nodes. Wait until all Praefect processes have restarted and the old processes have exited. This can take up to one minute.

      4. On all Praefect nodes, configure the election strategy in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb with praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'.

      5. Run gitlab-ctl reconfigure on all Praefect nodes. Wait until all of the Praefect processes have restarted and the old processes have exited. This can take up to one minute.

      6. Uncomment the secondary Gitaly node configuration commented out in the earlier step on all Praefect nodes.

      7. Run gitlab-ctl reconfigure on all Praefect nodes to reconfigure and restart the Praefect processes.

Deprecated election strategies

WARNING: The below election strategies are deprecated and are scheduled for removal in GitLab 14.0. Migrate to repository-specific primary nodes.

  • PostgreSQL: Enabled by default until GitLab 14.0, and equivalent to: praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'sql'.

    This configuration option:

    • Allows multiple Praefect nodes to coordinate via the PostgreSQL database to elect a primary Gitaly node.
    • Causes Praefect nodes to elect a new primary Gitaly node, monitor its health, and elect a new primary Gitaly node if the current one is not reached within 10 seconds by a majority of the Praefect nodes.

  • Memory: Enabled by setting praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'local' in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb on the Praefect node.

    If a sufficient number of health checks fail for the current primary Gitaly node, a new primary is elected. Do not use with multiple Praefect nodes! Using with multiple Praefect nodes is likely to result in a split brain.

Primary Node Failure

Gitaly Cluster recovers from a failing primary Gitaly node by promoting a healthy secondary as the new primary.

In GitLab 14.1 and later, Gitaly Cluster:

  • Elects a healthy secondary with a fully up to date copy of the repository as the new primary.
  • Repository becomes unavailable if there are no fully up to date copies of it on healthy secondaries.

To minimize data loss in GitLab 13.0 to 14.0, Gitaly Cluster:

  • Switches repositories that are outdated on the new primary to read-only mode.
  • Elects the secondary with the least unreplicated writes from the primary to be the new primary. Because there can still be some unreplicated writes, data loss can occur.

Read-only mode

  • Introduced in GitLab 13.0 as generally available.
  • Between GitLab 13.0 and GitLab 13.2, read-only mode applied to the whole virtual storage and occurred whenever failover occurred.
  • In GitLab 13.3 and later, read-only mode applies on a per-repository basis and only occurs if a new primary is out of date. new primary. If the failed primary contained unreplicated writes, data loss can occur.
  • Removed in GitLab 14.1. Instead, repositories become unavailable.

When Gitaly Cluster switches to a new primary in GitLab 13.0 to 14.0, repositories enter read-only mode if they are out of date. This can happen after failing over to an outdated secondary. Read-only mode eases data recovery efforts by preventing writes that may conflict with the unreplicated writes on other nodes.

To enable writes again in GitLab 13.0 to 14.0, an administrator can:

  1. Check for data loss.
  2. Attempt to recover missing data.
  3. Either enable writes in the virtual storage or accept data loss if necessary, depending on the version of GitLab.

Unavailable repositories

  • From GitLab 13.0 through 14.0, repositories became read-only if they were outdated on the primary but fully up to date on a healthy secondary. dataloss sub-command displays read-only repositories by default through these versions.
  • Since GitLab 14.1, Praefect contains more responsive failover logic which immediately fails over to one of the fully up to date secondaries rather than placing the repository in read-only mode. Since GitLab 14.1, the dataloss sub-command displays repositories which are unavailable due to having no fully up to date copies on healthy Gitaly nodes.

A repository is unavailable if all of its up to date replicas are unavailable. Unavailable repositories are not accessible through Praefect to prevent serving stale data that may break automated tooling.

Check for data loss

The Praefect dataloss subcommand identifies:

  • Copies of repositories in GitLab 13.0 to GitLab 14.0 that at are likely to be outdated. This can help identify potential data loss after a failover.
  • Repositories in GitLab 14.1 and later that are unavailable. This helps identify potential data loss and repositories which are no longer accessible because all of their up-to-date replicas copies are unavailable.

The following parameters are available:

  • -virtual-storage that specifies which virtual storage to check. Because they might require an administrator to intervene, the default behavior is to display:
    • In GitLab 13.0 to 14.0, copies of read-only repositories.
    • In GitLab 14.1 and later, unavailable repositories.
  • In GitLab 14.1 and later, -partially-unavailable that specifies whether to include in the output repositories that are available but have some assigned copies that are not available.

NOTE: dataloss is still in beta and the output format is subject to change.

To check for repositories with outdated primaries or for unavailable repositories, run:

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dataloss [-virtual-storage <virtual-storage>]

Every configured virtual storage is checked if none is specified:

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dataloss

Repositories are listed in the output that have either:

  • An outdated copy of the repository on the primary, in GitLab 13.0 to GitLab 14.0.
  • No healthy and fully up-to-date copies available, in GitLab 14.1 and later.

The following information is printed for each repository:

  • A repository's relative path to the storage directory identifies each repository and groups the related information.
  • The repository's current status is printed in parentheses next to the disk path:
    • In GitLab 13.0 to 14.0, either (read-only) if the repository's primary node is outdated and can't accept writes. Otherwise, (writable).
    • In GitLab 14.1 and later, (unavailable) is printed next to the disk path if the repository is unavailable.
  • The primary field lists the repository's current primary. If the repository has no primary, the field shows No Primary.
  • The In-Sync Storages lists replicas which have replicated the latest successful write and all writes preceding it.
  • The Outdated Storages lists replicas which contain an outdated copy of the repository. Replicas which have no copy of the repository but should contain it are also listed here. The maximum number of changes the replica is missing is listed next to replica. It's important to notice that the outdated replicas may be fully up to date or contain later changes but Praefect can't guarantee it.

Additional information includes:

  • Whether a node is assigned to host the repository is listed with each node's status. assigned host is printed next to nodes that are assigned to store the repository. The text is omitted if the node contains a copy of the repository but is not assigned to store the repository. Such copies aren't kept in sync by Praefect, but may act as replication sources to bring assigned copies up to date.
  • In GitLab 14.1 and later, unhealthy is printed next to the copies that are located on unhealthy Gitaly nodes.

Example output:

Virtual storage: default
  Outdated repositories:
    @hashed/3f/db/3fdba35f04dc8c462986c992bcf875546257113072a909c162f7e470e581e278.git (unavailable):
      Primary: gitaly-1
      In-Sync Storages:
        gitaly-2, assigned host, unhealthy
      Outdated Storages:
        gitaly-1 is behind by 3 changes or less, assigned host
        gitaly-3 is behind by 3 changes or less

A confirmation is printed out when every repository is available. For example:

Virtual storage: default
  All repositories are available!

Unavailable replicas of available repositories

NOTE: In GitLab 14.0 and earlier, the flag is -partially-replicated and the output shows any repositories with assigned nodes with outdated copies.

To also list information of repositories which are available but are unavailable from some of the assigned nodes, use the -partially-unavailable flag.

A repository is available if there is a healthy, up to date replica available. Some of the assigned secondary replicas may be temporarily unavailable for access while they are waiting to replicate the latest changes.

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dataloss [-virtual-storage <virtual-storage>] [-partially-unavailable]

Example output:

Virtual storage: default
  Outdated repositories:
    @hashed/3f/db/3fdba35f04dc8c462986c992bcf875546257113072a909c162f7e470e581e278.git:
      Primary: gitaly-1
      In-Sync Storages:
        gitaly-1, assigned host
      Outdated Storages:
        gitaly-2 is behind by 3 changes or less, assigned host
        gitaly-3 is behind by 3 changes or less

With the -partially-unavailable flag set, a confirmation is printed out if every assigned replica is fully up to date and healthy.

For example:

Virtual storage: default
  All repositories are fully available on all assigned storages!

Check repository checksums

To check a project's repository checksums across on all Gitaly nodes, run the replicas Rake task on the main GitLab node.

Accept data loss

WARNING: accept-dataloss causes permanent data loss by overwriting other versions of the repository. Data recovery efforts must be performed before using it.

If it is not possible to bring one of the up to date replicas back online, you may have to accept data loss. When accepting data loss, Praefect marks the chosen replica of the repository as the latest version and replicates it to the other assigned Gitaly nodes. This process overwrites any other version of the repository so care must be taken.

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml accept-dataloss
-virtual-storage <virtual-storage> -repository <relative-path> -authoritative-storage <storage-name>

Enable writes or accept data loss

WARNING: accept-dataloss causes permanent data loss by overwriting other versions of the repository. Data recovery efforts must be performed before using it.

Praefect provides the following subcommands to re-enable writes or accept data loss:

  • In GitLab 13.2 and earlier, enable-writes to re-enable virtual storage for writes after data recovery attempts:

    sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml enable-writes -virtual-storage <virtual-storage>

  • In GitLab 13.3 and later, if it is not possible to bring one of the up to date nodes back online, you may have to accept data loss:

    sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml accept-dataloss -virtual-storage <virtual-storage> -repository <relative-path> -authoritative-storage <storage-name>

    When accepting data loss, Praefect:

    1. Marks the chosen copy of the repository as the latest version.
    2. Replicates the copy to the other assigned Gitaly nodes.

    This process overwrites any other copy of the repository so care must be taken.

Data recovery

If a Gitaly node fails replication jobs for any reason, it ends up hosting outdated versions of the affected repositories. Praefect provides tools for:

  • Automatic reconciliation, for GitLab 13.4 and later.
  • Manual reconciliation, for:
    • GitLab 13.3 and earlier.
    • Repositories upgraded to GitLab 13.4 and later without entries in the repositories table. In GitLab 13.6 and later, a migration is run when Praefect starts for these repositories.

These tools reconcile the outdated repositories to bring them fully up to date again.

Automatic reconciliation

Introduced in GitLab 13.4.

Praefect automatically reconciles repositories that are not up to date. By default, this is done every five minutes. For each outdated repository on a healthy Gitaly node, the Praefect picks a random, fully up-to-date replica of the repository on another healthy Gitaly node to replicate from. A replication job is scheduled only if there are no other replication jobs pending for the target repository.

The reconciliation frequency can be changed via the configuration. The value can be any valid Go duration value. Values below 0 disable the feature.

Examples:

praefect['reconciliation_scheduling_interval'] = '5m' # the default value

praefect['reconciliation_scheduling_interval'] = '30s' # reconcile every 30 seconds

praefect['reconciliation_scheduling_interval'] = '0' # disable the feature

Manual reconciliation

WARNING: The reconcile sub-command was removed in GitLab 14.1. Use automatic reconciliation instead. Manual reconciliation may produce excess replication jobs and is limited in functionality. Manual reconciliation does not work when repository-specific primary nodes are enabled.

The Praefect reconcile sub-command allows for the manual reconciliation between two Gitaly nodes. The command replicates every repository on a later version on the reference storage to the target storage.

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml reconcile -virtual <virtual-storage> -reference <up-to-date-storage> -target <outdated-storage> -f
  • Replace the placeholder <virtual-storage> with the virtual storage containing the Gitaly node storage to be checked.
  • Replace the placeholder <up-to-date-storage> with the Gitaly storage name containing up to date repositories.
  • Replace the placeholder <outdated-storage> with the Gitaly storage name containing outdated repositories.

Manually remove repositories

Introduced in GitLab 14.3.

The remove-repository Praefect sub-command removes repositories from a Gitaly Cluster. It removes all state associated with a given repository including:

  • On-disk repositories on all relevant Gitaly nodes.
  • Any database state tracked by Praefect.
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml remove-repository -virtual-storage <virtual-storage> -repository <repository>

  • -virtual-storage is the virtual storage the repository is located in. Virtual storages are configured in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb under praefect['virtual_storages] and looks like the following:

    praefect['virtual_storages'] = {
  'default' => {
    ...
  },
  'storage-1' => {
    ...
  }
}

    In this example, the virtual storage to specify is default or storage-1.

  • -repository is the repository's relative path in the storage beginning with @hashed. For example:

    @hashed/f5/ca/f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3c71f1864a8143301782de13da2d9202b.git

Parts of the repository can continue to exist after running remove-repository. This can be because of:

  • A deletion error.
  • An in-flight RPC call targeting the repository.

If this occurs, run remove-repository again.

Manually list untracked repositories

Introduced in GitLab 14.4.

The list-untracked-repositories Praefect sub-command lists repositories of the Gitaly Cluster that both:

  • Exist for at least one Gitaly storage.
  • Aren't tracked in the Praefect database.

The command outputs:

  • Result to STDOUT and the command's logs.
  • Errors to STDERR.

Each entry is a complete JSON string with a newline at the end (configurable using the -delimiter flag). For example:

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml list-untracked-repositories
{"virtual_storage":"default","storage":"gitaly-1","relative_path":"@hashed/ab/cd/abcd123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890.git"}
{"virtual_storage":"default","storage":"gitaly-1","relative_path":"@hashed/ab/cd/abcd123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567891.git"}

Manually track repositories

Introduced in GitLab 14.4.

The track-repository Praefect sub-command adds repositories on disk to the Praefect database to be tracked.

sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml track-repository -virtual-storage <virtual-storage> -repository <repository>

  • -virtual-storage is the virtual storage the repository is located in. Virtual storages are configured in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb under praefect['virtual_storages] and looks like the following:

    praefect['virtual_storages'] = {
  'default' => {
    ...
  },
  'storage-1' => {
    ...
  }
}

    In this example, the virtual storage to specify is default or storage-1.

  • -repository is the repository's relative path in the storage beginning with @hashed. For example:

    @hashed/f5/ca/f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3c71f1864a8143301782de13da2d9202b.git

  • -authoritative-storage is the storage we want Praefect to treat as the primary. Required if per-repository replication is set as the replication strategy.

The command outputs:

  • Results to STDOUT and the command's logs.
  • Errors to STDERR.

This command fails if:

  • The repository is already being tracked by the Praefect database.
  • The repository does not exist on disk.