95 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
95 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
# Web Application Firewall - ModSecurity
|
|
|
|
A web application firewall (or WAF) filters, monitors, and blocks HTTP traffic to
|
|
and from a web application. By inspecting HTTP traffic, it can prevent attacks
|
|
stemming from web application security flaws. It can be used to detect SQL injection,
|
|
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Remote File Inclusion, Security Misconfigurations, and
|
|
much more.
|
|
|
|
## Overview
|
|
|
|
GitLab provides a WAF out of the box after Ingress is deployed.
|
|
All you need to do is deploy your application along with a service
|
|
and Ingress resource.
|
|
|
|
In GitLab's [Ingress](../../user/clusters/applications.md#ingress) deployment, the [ModSecurity](https://modsecurity.org/) module is loaded
|
|
into Ingress-NGINX by default and monitors the traffic going to the
|
|
applications which have an Ingress.
|
|
|
|
The ModSecurity module runs with the [OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS)](https://coreruleset.org/) by default. The OWASP CRS will detect and log a wide range of common attacks.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: **Note**
|
|
The WAF is deployed in "Detection-only mode" by default and will only log attack
|
|
attempts.
|
|
|
|
## Requirements
|
|
|
|
The Web Application Firewall requires:
|
|
|
|
- **Kubernetes**
|
|
|
|
To enable the WAF, you need:
|
|
|
|
- Kubernetes 1.12+.
|
|
- A load balancer. You can use NGINX-Ingress by deploying it to your
|
|
Kubernetes cluster by either:
|
|
- Using the [`nginx-ingress` Helm chart](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/nginx-ingress).
|
|
- Installing the [Ingress GitLab Managed App](../../user/clusters/applications.md#ingress) with WAF enabled.
|
|
|
|
- **Configured Kubernetes objects**
|
|
|
|
To use the WAF on an application, you need to deploy the following Kubernetes resources:
|
|
|
|
- [Deployment](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)
|
|
- [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
|
|
- [Ingress Resource](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/)
|
|
|
|
## Quick start
|
|
|
|
If you are using GitLab.com, see the [quick start guide](quick_start_guide.md) for
|
|
how to use the WAF with GitLab.com and a Kubernetes cluster on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE).
|
|
|
|
If you are using a self-managed instance of GitLab, you need to configure the
|
|
[Google OAuth2 OmniAuth Provider](../../integration/google.md) before
|
|
you can configure a cluster on GKE. Once this is set up, you can follow the steps on the [quick start guide](quick_start_guide.md) to get started.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: **Note**
|
|
This guide shows how the WAF can be deployed using Auto DevOps. The WAF
|
|
is available by default to all applications no matter how they are deployed,
|
|
as long as they are using Ingress.
|
|
|
|
## Network firewall vs. Web Application Firewall
|
|
|
|
A network firewall or packet filter looks at traffic at the Network (L3) and Transport (L4) layers
|
|
of the [OSI Model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model), and denies packets from entry based on
|
|
a set of rules regarding the network in general.
|
|
|
|
A Web Application Firewall operates at the Application (L7) layer of the OSI Model and can
|
|
examine all the packets traveling to and from a specific application. A WAF can set
|
|
more advanced rules around threat detection.
|
|
|
|
## Features
|
|
|
|
ModSecurity is enabled with the [OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS)](https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/) by
|
|
default. The OWASP CRS logs attempts to the following attacks:
|
|
|
|
- [SQL Injection](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Periodic_Table_of_Vulnerabilities_-_SQL_Injection)
|
|
- [Cross-Site Scripting](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Periodic_Table_of_Vulnerabilities_-_Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS))
|
|
- [Local File Inclusion](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Local_File_Inclusion)
|
|
- [Remote File Inclusion](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Periodic_Table_of_Vulnerabilities_-_Remote_File_Inclusion)
|
|
- [Code Injection](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Code_Injection)
|
|
- [Session Fixation](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Session_fixation)
|
|
- [Scanner Detection](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Category:Vulnerability_Scanning_Tools)
|
|
- [Metadata/Error Leakages](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Improper_Error_Handling)
|
|
|
|
It is good to have a basic knowledge of the following:
|
|
|
|
- [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/)
|
|
- [Ingress](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/)
|
|
- [ModSecurity](https://www.modsecurity.org/)
|
|
- [OWASP Core Rule Set](https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/)
|
|
|
|
## Roadmap
|
|
|
|
More information on the direction of the WAF can be
|
|
found in [Product Vision - Defend](https://about.gitlab.com/direction/defend/#waf)
|