debian-mirror-gitlab/doc/university/training/user_training.md
2021-04-29 21:17:54 +05:30

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---
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group: unassigned
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
comments: false
type: reference
---
# GitLab Git Workshop
## Agenda
1. Brief history of Git.
1. GitLab walkthrough.
1. Configure your environment.
1. Workshop.
## Git introduction
<https://git-scm.com/about>
- Distributed version control.
- Does not rely on connection to a central server.
- Many copies of the complete history.
- Powerful branching and merging.
- Adapts to nearly any workflow.
- Fast, reliable and stable file format.
## Help
Use the tools at your disposal when you get stuck.
- Use '`git help <command>`' command.
- Use Google.
- Read documentation at <https://git-scm.com>.
## GitLab Walkthrough
![fit](logo.png)
## Configure your environment
- Windows: Install 'Git for Windows'
> <https://gitforwindows.org>
- Mac: Type '`git`' in the Terminal application.
> If it's not installed, it prompts you to install it.
- Debian: '`sudo apt-get install git-all`' or Red Hat '`sudo yum install git-all`'
## Git Workshop
### Overview
1. Configure Git.
1. Configure SSH Key.
1. Create a project.
1. Committing.
1. Feature branching.
1. Merge requests.
1. Feedback and Collaboration.
## Configure Git
One-time configuration of the Git client:
```shell
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email you@example.com
```
## Configure SSH Key
```shell
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "you@computer-name"
```
```shell
# You will be prompted for the following information. Press enter to accept the defaults. Defaults appear in parentheses.
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
39:fc:ce:94:f4:09:13:95:64:9a:65:c1:de:05:4d:01 you@computer-name
```
Copy your public key and add it to your GitLab profile:
```shell
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
```
```shell
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQEL17Ufacg8cDhlQMS5NhV8z3GHZdhCrZbl4gz you@example.com
```
## Create a project
- Create a project in your user namespace.
- Choose to import from **Any Repository by URL** and use <https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/training-examples.git>.
- Create a '`development`' or '`workspace`' directory in your home directory.
- Clone the '`training-examples`' project.
## Commands (project)
```shell
mkdir ~/development
cd ~/development
-or-
mkdir ~/workspace
cd ~/workspace
git clone git@gitlab.example.com:<username>/training-examples.git
cd training-examples
```
## Git concepts
### Untracked files
New files that Git has not been told to track previously.
### Working area
Files that have been modified but are not committed.
### Staging area
Modified files that have been marked to go in the next commit.
## Committing
1. Edit '`edit_this_file.rb`' in '`training-examples`'.
1. See it listed as a changed file (working area).
1. View the differences.
1. Stage the file.
1. Commit.
1. Push the commit to the remote.
1. View the Git log.
## Commands (committing)
```shell
# Edit `edit_this_file.rb`
git status
git diff
git add <file>
git commit -m 'My change'
git push origin master
git log
```
## Feature branching
- Efficient parallel workflow for teams.
- Develop each feature in a branch.
- Keeps changes isolated.
- Consider a 1-to-1 link to issues.
- Push branches to the server frequently.
- Hint: This is a cheap backup for your work-in-progress code.
## Feature branching steps
1. Create a new feature branch called 'squash_some_bugs'.
1. Edit '`bugs.rb`' and remove all the bugs.
1. Commit.
1. Push.
## Commands (feature branching)
```shell
git checkout -b squash_some_bugs
# Edit `bugs.rb`
git status
git add bugs.rb
git commit -m 'Fix some buggy code'
git push origin squash_some_bugs
```
## Merge requests
- When you want feedback create a merge request.
- Target is the 'default' branch (usually master).
- Assign or mention the person you would like to review.
- Add `[Draft]` to the title if it's a work in progress.
- When accepting, always delete the branch.
- Anyone can comment, not just the assignee.
- Push corrections to the same branch.
## Merge requests steps
Create your first merge request:
1. Use the blue button in the activity feed.
1. View the diff (changes) and leave a comment.
1. Push a new commit to the same branch.
1. Review the changes again and notice the update.
## Feedback and Collaboration
- Merge requests are a time for feedback and collaboration.
- Giving feedback is hard.
- Be as kind as possible.
- Receiving feedback is hard.
- Be as receptive as possible.
- Feedback is about the best code, not the person. You are not your code.
## Feedback and Collaboration resources
<!-- vale gitlab.Spelling = NO -->
Review the Thoughtbot code-review guide for suggestions to follow when reviewing merge requests:
<https://github.com/thoughtbot/guides/tree/master/code-review>.
<!-- vale gitlab.Spelling = YES -->
See GitLab merge requests for examples: <https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests>.
## Explore GitLab projects
![fit](logo.png)
- Dashboard
- User Preferences
- README, Changelog, License shortcuts
- Issues
- Milestones and Labels
- Manage project members
- Project settings
## Tags
- Useful for marking deployments and releases.
- Annotated tags are an unchangeable part of Git history.
- Soft/lightweight tags can be set and removed at any time.
- Many projects combine an annotated release tag with a stable branch.
- Consider setting deployment/release tags automatically.
## Tags steps
1. Create a lightweight tag.
1. Create an annotated tag.
1. Push the tags to the remote repository.
Additional resources: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging>.
## Commands (tags)
```shell
git checkout master
# Lightweight tag
git tag my_lightweight_tag
# Annotated tag
git tag -a v1.0 -m 'Version 1.0'
git tag
git push origin --tags
```
## Merge conflicts
- Happen often.
- Learning to fix conflicts is hard.
- Practice makes perfect.
- Force push after fixing conflicts. Be careful!
## Merge conflicts steps
1. Checkout a new branch and edit `conflicts.rb`. Add 'Line4' and 'Line5'.
1. Commit and push.
1. Checkout master and edit `conflicts.rb`. Add 'Line6' and 'Line7' below 'Line3'.
1. Commit and push to master.
1. Create a merge request.
## Merge conflicts commands
After creating a merge request you should notice that conflicts exist. Resolve
the conflicts locally by rebasing.
```shell
git rebase master
# Fix conflicts by editing the files.
git add conflicts.rb
git commit -m 'Fix conflicts'
git rebase --continue
git push origin <branch> -f
```
## Rebase with squash
You may end up with a commit log that looks like this:
```plaintext
Fix issue #13
Test
Fix
Fix again
Test
Test again
Does this work?
```
Squash these in to meaningful commits using an interactive rebase.
## Rebase with squash commands
Squash the commits on the same branch we used for the merge conflicts step.
```shell
git rebase -i master
```
In the editor, leave the first commit as `pick` and set others to `fixup`.
## Questions?
![fit](logo.png)
Thank you for your hard work!
## Additional Resources
See [additional resources](index.md#additional-resources).
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