666 lines
29 KiB
Markdown
666 lines
29 KiB
Markdown
# Serverless
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> Introduced in GitLab 11.5.
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CAUTION: **Caution:**
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Serverless is currently in [alpha](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/#alpha).
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## Overview
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Serverless architectures offer Operators and Developers the ability write highly scalable applications without provisioning a single server.
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Gitlab supports several ways deploy Serverless applications in both Kubernetes Environments and also major cloud FAAS environments.
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Currently we support:
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- [Knative](#knative): Build Knative applications with Knative and gitlabktl on GKE
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- [AWS Lambda](aws.md): Create serverless applications via the Serverless Framework and gitlab-ci
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## Knative
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Run serverless workloads on Kubernetes using [Knative](https://cloud.google.com/knative/).
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Knative extends Kubernetes to provide a set of middleware components that are useful to build modern, source-centric, container-based applications. Knative brings some significant benefits out of the box through its main components:
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- [Serving](https://github.com/knative/serving): Request-driven compute that can scale to zero.
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- [Eventing](https://github.com/knative/eventing): Management and delivery of events.
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For more information on Knative, visit the [Knative docs repo](https://github.com/knative/docs).
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With GitLab Serverless, you can deploy both functions-as-a-service (FaaS) and serverless applications.
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## Prerequisites
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To run Knative on Gitlab, you will need:
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1. **Existing GitLab project:** You will need a GitLab project to associate all resources. The simplest way to get started:
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- If you are planning on deploying functions, clone the [functions example project](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/functions) to get started.
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- If you are planning on deploying a serverless application, clone the sample [Knative Ruby App](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/knative-ruby-app) to get started.
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1. **Kubernetes Cluster:** An RBAC-enabled Kubernetes cluster is required to deploy Knative.
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The simplest way to get started is to add a cluster using [GitLab's GKE integration](../index.md#add-new-gke-cluster).
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The set of minimum recommended cluster specifications to run Knative is 3 nodes, 6 vCPUs, and 22.50 GB memory.
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1. **Helm Tiller:** Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes and is required to install
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Knative.
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1. **GitLab Runner:** A runner is required to run the CI jobs that will deploy serverless
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applications or functions onto your cluster. You can install the GitLab Runner
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onto the existing Kubernetes cluster. See [Installing Applications](../index.md#installing-applications) for more information.
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1. **Domain Name:** Knative will provide its own load balancer using Istio. It will provide an
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external IP address or hostname for all the applications served by Knative. You will be prompted to enter a
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wildcard domain where your applications will be served. Configure your DNS server to use the
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external IP address or hostname for that domain.
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1. **`.gitlab-ci.yml`:** GitLab uses [Kaniko](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/kaniko)
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to build the application. We also use [gitlabktl](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlabktl)
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CLI to simplify the deployment of services and functions to Knative.
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1. **`serverless.yml`** (for [functions only](#deploying-functions)): When using serverless to deploy functions, the `serverless.yml` file
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will contain the information for all the functions being hosted in the repository as well as a reference to the
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runtime being used.
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1. **`Dockerfile`** (for [applications only](#deploying-serverless-applications): Knative requires a
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`Dockerfile` in order to build your applications. It should be included at the root of your
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project's repo and expose port `8080`. `Dockerfile` is not require if you plan to build serverless functions
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using our [runtimes](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/serverless/runtimes).
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1. **Prometheus** (optional): Installing Prometheus allows you to monitor the scale and traffic of your serverless function/application.
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See [Installing Applications](../index.md#installing-applications) for more information.
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## Installing Knative via GitLab's Kubernetes integration
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NOTE: **Note:**
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The minimum recommended cluster size to run Knative is 3-nodes, 6 vCPUs, and 22.50 GB memory. **RBAC must be enabled.**
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1. [Add a Kubernetes cluster](../index.md) and [install Helm](../index.md#installing-applications).
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1. Once Helm has been successfully installed, scroll down to the Knative app section. Enter the domain to be used with
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your application/functions (e.g. `example.com`) and click **Install**.
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1. After the Knative installation has finished, you can wait for the IP address or hostname to be displayed in the
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**Knative Endpoint** field or [retrieve the Istio Ingress Endpoint manually](../#manually-determining-the-external-endpoint).
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NOTE: **Note:**
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Running `kubectl` commands on your cluster requires setting up access to the cluster first.
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For clusters created on GKE, see [GKE Cluster Access](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/cluster-access-for-kubectl),
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for other platforms [Install kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/).
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1. The ingress is now available at this address and will route incoming requests to the proper service based on the DNS
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name in the request. To support this, a wildcard DNS A record should be created for the desired domain name. For example,
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if your Knative base domain is `knative.info` then you need to create an A record or CNAME record with domain `*.knative.info`
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pointing the ip address or hostname of the ingress.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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You can deploy either [functions](#deploying-functions) or [serverless applications](#deploying-serverless-applications)
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on a given project but not both. The current implementation makes use of a `serverless.yml` file to signal a FaaS project.
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## Using an existing installation of Knative
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> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/issues/58941) in GitLab 12.0.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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The "invocations" monitoring feature of GitLab serverless will not work when
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adding an existing installation of Knative.
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It is also possible to use GitLab Serverless with an existing Kubernetes
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cluster which already has Knative installed.
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You must do the following:
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1. Follow the steps to
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[add an existing Kubernetes
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cluster](../index.md#add-existing-kubernetes-cluster).
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1. Ensure GitLab can manage Knative:
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- For a non-GitLab managed cluster, ensure that the service account for the token
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provided can manage resources in the `serving.knative.dev` API group.
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- For a GitLab managed cluster, if you added the cluster in [GitLab 12.1 or later](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/merge_requests/30235),
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then GitLab will already have the required access and you can proceed to the next step.
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Otherwise, you need to manually grant GitLab's service account the ability to manage
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resources in the `serving.knative.dev` API group. Since every GitLab service account
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has the `edit` cluster role, the simplest way to do this is with an
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[aggregated ClusterRole](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#aggregated-clusterroles)
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adding rules to the default `edit` cluster role: First, save the following YAML as
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`knative-serving-only-role.yaml`:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
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kind: ClusterRole
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metadata:
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name: knative-serving-only-role
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labels:
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rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
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rules:
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- apiGroups:
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- serving.knative.dev
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resources:
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- configurations
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- configurationgenerations
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- routes
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- revisions
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- revisionuids
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- autoscalers
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- services
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verbs:
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- get
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- list
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- create
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- update
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- delete
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- patch
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- watch
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```
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Then run the following command:
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f knative-serving-only-role.yaml
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```
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If you would rather grant permissions on a per service account basis, you can do this
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using a `Role` and `RoleBinding` specific to the service account and namespace.
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1. Follow the steps to deploy [functions](#deploying-functions)
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or [serverless applications](#deploying-serverless-applications) onto your
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cluster.
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## Deploying functions
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> Introduced in GitLab 11.6.
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Using functions is useful for dealing with independent events without needing
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to maintain a complex unified infrastructure. This allows you to focus on a
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single task that can be executed/scaled automatically and independently.
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Currently the following [runtimes](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/serverless/runtimes) are offered:
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- ruby
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- node.js
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- Dockerfile
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`Dockerfile` presence is assumed when a runtime is not specified.
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You can find and import all the files referenced in this doc in the
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**[functions example project](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/functions)**.
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Follow these steps to deploy a function using the Node.js runtime to your
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Knative instance (you can skip these steps if you've cloned the example
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project):
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1. Create a directory that will house the function. In this example we will
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create a directory called `echo` at the root of the project.
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1. Create the file that will contain the function code. In this example, our file is called `echo.js` and is located inside the `echo` directory. If your project is:
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- Public, continue to the next step.
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- Private, you will need to [create a GitLab deploy token](../../deploy_tokens/index.md#creating-a-deploy-token) with `gitlab-deploy-token` as the name and the `read_registry` scope.
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1. `.gitlab-ci.yml`: this defines a pipeline used to deploy your functions.
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It must be included at the root of your repository:
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```yaml
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include:
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template: Serverless.gitlab-ci.yml
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functions:build:
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extends: .serverless:build:functions
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environment: production
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functions:deploy:
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extends: .serverless:deploy:functions
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environment: production
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```
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This `.gitlab-ci.yml` creates jobs that invoke some predefined commands to
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build and deploy your functions to your cluster.
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`Serverless.gitlab-ci.yml` is a template that allows customization.
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You can either import it with `include` parameter and use `extends` to
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customize your jobs, or you can inline the entire template by choosing it
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from **Apply a template** dropdown when editing the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file through
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the user interface.
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1. `serverless.yml`: this file contains the metadata for your functions,
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such as name, runtime, and environment.
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It must be included at the root of your repository.
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The following is a sample `echo` function which shows the required structure
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for the file.
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You can find the relevant files for this project in the [functions example project](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/functions).
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```yaml
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service: functions
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description: "GitLab Serverless functions using Knative"
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provider:
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name: triggermesh
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environment:
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FOO: value
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functions:
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echo-js:
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handler: echo-js
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source: ./echo-js
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runtime: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/serverless/runtimes/nodejs
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description: "node.js runtime function"
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environment:
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MY_FUNCTION: echo-js
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```
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Explanation of the fields used above:
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### `service`
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| Parameter | Description |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| `service` | Name for the Knative service which will serve the function. |
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| `description` | A short description of the `service`. |
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### `provider`
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| Parameter | Description |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| `name` | Indicates which provider is used to execute the `serverless.yml` file. In this case, the TriggerMesh middleware. |
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| `environment` | Includes the environment variables to be passed as part of function execution for **all** functions in the file, where `FOO` is the variable name and `BAR` are he variable contents. You may replace this with you own variables. |
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### `functions`
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In the `serverless.yml` example above, the function name is `echo` and the
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subsequent lines contain the function attributes.
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| Parameter | Description |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| `handler` | The function's name. |
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| `source` | Directory with sources of a functions. |
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| `runtime` (optional)| The runtime to be used to execute the function. When the runtime is not specified, we assume that `Dockerfile` is present in the function directory specified by `source`. |
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| `description` | A short description of the function. |
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| `environment` | Sets an environment variable for the specific function only. |
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After the `gitlab-ci.yml` template has been added and the `serverless.yml` file
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has been created, pushing a commit to your project will result in a CI pipeline
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being executed which will deploy each function as a Knative service. Once the
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deploy stage has finished, additional details for the function will appear
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under **Operations > Serverless**.
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This page contains all functions available for the project, the description for
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accessing the function, and, if available, the function's runtime information.
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The details are derived from the Knative installation inside each of the project's
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Kubernetes cluster. Click on each function to obtain detailed scale and invocation data.
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The function details can be retrieved directly from Knative on the cluster:
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```bash
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kubectl -n "$KUBE_NAMESPACE" get services.serving.knative.dev
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```
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The sample function can now be triggered from any HTTP client using a simple `POST` call:
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1. Using curl (replace the URL on the last line with the URL of your application):
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```bash
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curl \
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--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
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--request POST \
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--data '{"GitLab":"FaaS"}' \
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http://functions-echo.functions-1.functions.example.com/
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```
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1. Using a web-based tool (ie. postman, restlet, etc)
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## Deploying Serverless applications
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> Introduced in GitLab 11.5.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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You can reference and import the sample [Knative Ruby App](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/knative-ruby-app) to get started.
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Add the following `.gitlab-ci.yml` to the root of your repository
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(you may skip this step if you've previously cloned the sample [Knative Ruby App](https://gitlab.com/knative-examples/knative-ruby-app) mentioned above):
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```yaml
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include:
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template: Serverless.gitlab-ci.yml
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build:
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extends: .serverless:build:image
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deploy:
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extends: .serverless:deploy:image
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```
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`Serverless.gitlab-ci.yml` is a template that allows customization.
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You can either import it with `include` parameter and use `extends` to
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customize your jobs, or you can inline the entire template by choosing it
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from **Apply a template** dropdown when editing the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file through
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the user interface.
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A `serverless.yml` file is not required when deploying serverless applications.
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### Deploy the application with Knative
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With all the pieces in place, the next time a CI pipeline runs, the Knative application will be deployed. Navigate to
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**CI/CD > Pipelines** and click the most recent pipeline.
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### Obtain the URL for the Knative deployment
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Go to the **CI/CD > Pipelines** and click on the pipeline that deployed your app. Once all the stages of the pipeline finish, click the **deploy** stage.
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The output will look like this:
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```bash
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Running with gitlab-runner 12.1.0-rc1 (6da35412)
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on prm-com-gitlab-org ae3bfce3
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Using Docker executor with image registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlabktl:latest ...
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Running on runner-ae3bfc-concurrent-0 via runner-ae3bfc ...
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Fetching changes...
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Authenticating with credentials from job payload (GitLab Registry)
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$ /usr/bin/gitlabktl application deploy
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Welcome to gitlabktl tool
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time="2019-07-15T10:51:07Z" level=info msg="deploying registry credentials"
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Creating app-hello function
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Waiting for app-hello ready state
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Service app-hello URL: http://app-hello.serverless.example.com
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Job succeeded
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```
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The second to last line, labeled **Service domain** contains the URL for the
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deployment. Copy and paste the domain into your browser to see the app live.
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## Function details
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Go to the **Operations > Serverless** page and click on one of the function
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rows to bring up the function details page.
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The pod count will give you the number of pods running the serverless function instances on a given cluster.
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### Prometheus support
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For the Knative function invocations to appear,
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[Prometheus must be installed](../index.md#installing-applications).
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Once Prometheus is installed, a message may appear indicating that the metrics data _is
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loading or is not available at this time._ It will appear upon the first access of the
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page, but should go away after a few seconds. If the message does not disappear, then it
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is possible that GitLab is unable to connect to the Prometheus instance running on the
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cluster.
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## Enabling TLS for Knative services
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By default, a GitLab serverless deployment will be served over `http`. In order to serve over `https` you
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must manually obtain and install TLS certificates.
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The simplest way to accomplish this is to
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use [Certbot to manually obtain Let's Encrypt certificates](https://knative.dev/docs/serving/using-a-tls-cert/#using-certbot-to-manually-obtain-let-s-encrypt-certificates). Certbot is a free, open source software tool for automatically using Let’s Encrypt certificates on manually-administrated websites to enable HTTPS.
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NOTE: **Note:**
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The instructions below relate to installing and running Certbot on a Linux server and may not work on other operating systems.
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1. Install Certbot by running the
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[`certbot-auto` wrapper script](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/install.html#certbot-auto).
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On the command line of your server, run the following commands:
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```sh
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wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
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sudo mv certbot-auto /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
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sudo chown root /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
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chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
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/usr/local/bin/certbot-auto --help
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```
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To check the integrity of the `certbot-auto` script, run:
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```sh
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wget -N https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto.asc
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gpg2 --keyserver ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-key A2CFB51FA275A7286234E7B24D17C995CD9775F2
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gpg2 --trusted-key 4D17C995CD9775F2 --verify certbot-auto.asc /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
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```
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The output of the last command should look something like:
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```sh
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gpg: Signature made Mon 10 Jun 2019 06:24:40 PM EDT
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gpg: using RSA key A2CFB51FA275A7286234E7B24D17C995CD9775F2
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gpg: key 4D17C995CD9775F2 marked as ultimately trusted
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gpg: checking the trustdb
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gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
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gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
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gpg: next trustdb check due at 2027-11-22
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gpg: Good signature from "Let's Encrypt Client Team <letsencrypt-client@eff.org>" [ultimate]
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```
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1. Run the following command to use Certbot to request a certificate
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using DNS challenge during authorization:
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```sh
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./certbot-auto certonly --manual --preferred-challenges dns -d '*.<namespace>.example.com'
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```
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Where `<namespace>` is the namespace created by GitLab for your serverless project (composed of `<project_name>-<project_id>-<environment>`) and
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`example.com` is the domain being used for your project. If you are unsure what the namespace of your project is, navigate
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to the **Operations > Serverless** page of your project and inspect
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the endpoint provided for your function/app.
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In the above image, the namespace for the project is `node-function-11909507` and the domain is `knative.info`, thus
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certificate request line would look like this:
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```sh
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./certbot-auto certonly --manual --preferred-challenges dns -d '*.node-function-11909507.knative.info'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The Certbot tool walks you through the steps of validating that you own each domain that you specify by creating TXT records in those domains.
|
||
After this process is complete, the output should look something like this:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
IMPORTANT NOTES:
|
||
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
|
||
/etc/letsencrypt/live/namespace.example.com/fullchain.pem
|
||
Your key file has been saved at:
|
||
/etc/letsencrypt/live/namespace.example/privkey.pem
|
||
Your cert will expire on 2019-09-19. To obtain a new or tweaked
|
||
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
|
||
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
|
||
"certbot-auto renew"
|
||
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
|
||
- Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
|
||
configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
|
||
secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
|
||
also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
|
||
making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
1. Create certificate and private key files. Using the contents of the files
|
||
returned by Certbot, we'll create two files in order to create the
|
||
Kubernetes secret:
|
||
|
||
Run the following command to see the contents of `fullchain.pem`:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
sudo cat /etc/letsencrypt/live/node-function-11909507.knative.info/fullchain.pem
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Output should look like this:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b4ag==
|
||
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|
||
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
K2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e30Qg==
|
||
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Create a file with the name `cert.pem` with the contents of the entire output.
|
||
|
||
Once `cert.pem` is created, run the following command to see the contents of `privkey.pem`:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
sudo cat /etc/letsencrypt/live/namespace.example/privkey.pem
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Output should look like this:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
2fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
04f294d1eaca42b8692017b426d53bbc8fe75f827734f0260710b83a556082df
|
||
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
|
||
fcb195768c39e9a94cec2c2e32c59c0aad7a3365c10892e8116b5d83d4096b6
|
||
4f294d1eaca42b8692017b4262==
|
||
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Create a new file with the name `cert.pk` with the contents of the entire output.
|
||
|
||
1. Create a Kubernetes secret to hold your TLS certificate, `cert.pem`, and
|
||
the private key `cert.pk`:
|
||
|
||
NOTE: **Note:**
|
||
Running `kubectl` commands on your cluster requires setting up access to the cluster first.
|
||
For clusters created on GKE, see
|
||
[GKE Cluster Access](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/cluster-access-for-kubectl).
|
||
For other platforms, [install `kubectl`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/).
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
kubectl create --namespace istio-system secret tls istio-ingressgateway-certs \
|
||
--key cert.pk \
|
||
--cert cert.pem
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Where `cert.pem` and `cert.pk` are your certificate and private key files. Note that the `istio-ingressgateway-certs` secret name is required.
|
||
|
||
1. Configure Knative to use the new secret that you created for HTTPS
|
||
connections. Run the
|
||
following command to open the Knative shared `gateway` in edit mode:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
kubectl edit gateway knative-ingress-gateway --namespace knative-serving
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Update the gateway to include the following tls: section and configuration:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
tls:
|
||
mode: SIMPLE
|
||
privateKey: /etc/istio/ingressgateway-certs/tls.key
|
||
serverCertificate: /etc/istio/ingressgateway-certs/tls.crt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
||
kind: Gateway
|
||
metadata:
|
||
# ... skipped ...
|
||
spec:
|
||
selector:
|
||
istio: ingressgateway
|
||
servers:
|
||
- hosts:
|
||
- "*"
|
||
port:
|
||
name: http
|
||
number: 80
|
||
protocol: HTTP
|
||
- hosts:
|
||
- "*"
|
||
port:
|
||
name: https
|
||
number: 443
|
||
protocol: HTTPS
|
||
tls:
|
||
mode: SIMPLE
|
||
privateKey: /etc/istio/ingressgateway-certs/tls.key
|
||
serverCertificate: /etc/istio/ingressgateway-certs/tls.crt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
After your changes are running on your Knative cluster, you can begin using the HTTPS protocol for secure access your deployed Knative services.
|
||
In the event a mistake is made during this process and you need to update the cert, you will need to edit the gateway `knative-ingress-gateway`
|
||
to switch back to `PASSTHROUGH` mode. Once corrections are made, edit the file again so the gateway will use the new certificates.
|