198 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
198 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: none
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group: unassigned
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# Danger bot
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The GitLab CI/CD pipeline includes a `danger-review` job that uses [Danger](https://github.com/danger/danger)
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to perform a variety of automated checks on the code under test.
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Danger is a gem that runs in the CI environment, like any other analysis tool.
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What sets it apart from (for example, RuboCop) is that it's designed to allow you to
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easily write arbitrary code to test properties of your code or changes. To this
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end, it provides a set of common helpers and access to information about what
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has actually changed in your environment, then runs your code!
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If Danger is asking you to change something about your merge request, it's best
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just to make the change. If you want to learn how Danger works, or make changes
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to the existing rules, then this is the document for you.
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## Danger comments in merge requests
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Danger only posts one comment and updates its content on subsequent
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`danger-review` runs. Given this, it's usually one of the first few comments
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in a merge request if not the first. If you didn't see it, try to look
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from the start of the merge request.
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### Advantages
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- You don't get email notifications each time `danger-review` runs.
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### Disadvantages
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- It's not obvious Danger updates the old comment, thus you need to
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pay attention to it if it is updated or not.
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## Run Danger locally
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A subset of the current checks can be run locally with the following Rake task:
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```shell
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bin/rake danger_local
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```
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## Operation
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On startup, Danger reads a [`Dangerfile`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/Dangerfile)
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from the project root. Danger code in GitLab is decomposed into a set of helpers
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and plugins, all within the [`danger/`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/tree/master/danger/)
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subdirectory, so ours just tells Danger to load it all. Danger then runs
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each plugin against the merge request, collecting the output from each. A plugin
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may output notifications, warnings, or errors, all of which are copied to the
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CI job's log. If an error happens, the CI job (and so the entire pipeline) fails.
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On merge requests, Danger also copies the output to a comment on the MR
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itself, increasing visibility.
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## Development guidelines
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Danger code is Ruby code, so all our [usual backend guidelines](feature_development.md#backend-guides)
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continue to apply. However, there are a few things that deserve special emphasis.
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### When to use Danger
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Danger is a powerful tool and flexible tool, but not always the most appropriate
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way to solve a given problem or workflow.
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First, be aware of the GitLab [commitment to dogfooding](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/development/principles/#dogfooding).
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The code we write for Danger is GitLab-specific, and it **may not** be most
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appropriate place to implement functionality that addresses a need we encounter.
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Our users, customers, and even our own satellite projects, such as [Gitaly](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly),
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often face similar challenges, after all. Think about how you could fulfill the
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same need while ensuring everyone can benefit from the work, and do that instead
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if you can.
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If a standard tool (for example, `rubocop`) exists for a task, it's better to
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use it directly, rather than calling it by using Danger. Running and debugging
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the results of those tools locally is easier if Danger isn't involved, and
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unless you're using some Danger-specific functionality, there's no benefit to
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including it in the Danger run.
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Danger is well-suited to prototyping and rapidly iterating on solutions, so if
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what we want to build is unclear, a solution in Danger can be thought of as a
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trial run to gather information about a product area. If you're doing this, make
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sure the problem you're trying to solve, and the outcomes of that prototyping,
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are captured in an issue or epic as you go along. This helps us to address
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the need as part of the product in a future version of GitLab!
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### Implementation details
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Implement each task as an isolated piece of functionality and place it in its
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own directory under `danger` as `danger/<task-name>/Dangerfile`.
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Each task should be isolated from the others, and able to function in isolation.
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If there is code that should be shared between multiple tasks, add a plugin to
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`danger/plugins/...` and require it in each task that needs it. You can also
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create plugins that are specific to a single task, which is a natural place for
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complex logic related to that task.
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Danger code is just Ruby code. It should adhere to our coding standards, and
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needs tests, like any other piece of Ruby in our codebase. However, we aren't
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able to test a `Dangerfile` directly! So, to maximize test coverage, try to
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minimize the number of lines of code in `danger/`. A non-trivial `Dangerfile`
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should mostly call plugin code with arguments derived from the methods provided
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by Danger. The plugin code itself should have unit tests.
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At present, we do this by putting the code in a module in `tooling/danger/...`,
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and including it in the matching `danger/plugins/...` file. Specs can then be
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added in `spec/tooling/danger/...`.
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To determine if your `Dangerfile` works, push the branch that contains it to
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GitLab. This can be quite frustrating, as it significantly increases the cycle
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time when developing a new task, or trying to debug something in an existing
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one. If you've followed the guidelines above, most of your code can be exercised
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locally in RSpec, minimizing the number of cycles you need to go through in CI.
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However, you can speed these cycles up somewhat by emptying the
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`.gitlab/ci/rails.gitlab-ci.yml` file in your merge request. Just don't forget
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to revert the change before merging!
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#### Adding labels via Danger
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NOTE:
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This is applicable to all the projects that use the [`gitlab-dangerfiles` gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/gitlab-dangerfiles).
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Danger is often used to improve MR hygiene by adding labels. Instead of calling the
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API directly in your `Dangerfile`, add the labels to `helper.labels_to_add` array (with `helper.labels_to_add << label`
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or `helper.labels_to_add.concat(array_of_labels)`.
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`gitlab-dangerfiles` will then take care of adding the labels to the MR with a single API call after all the rules
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have had the chance to add to `helper.labels_to_add`.
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#### Shared rules and plugins
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If the rule or plugin you implement can be useful for other projects, think about
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adding them upstream to the [`gitlab-dangerfiles`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/gitlab-dangerfiles) project.
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#### Enable Danger on a project
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To enable the Dangerfile on another existing GitLab project, complete the following steps:
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1. Add [`gitlab-dangerfiles`](https://rubygems.org/gems/gitlab-dangerfiles) to your `Gemfile`.
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1. Create a `Dangerfile` with the following content:
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```ruby
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require "gitlab-dangerfiles"
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Gitlab::Dangerfiles.for_project(self, &:import_defaults)
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```
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1. Add the following to your CI/CD configuration:
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```yaml
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include:
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- project: 'gitlab-org/quality/pipeline-common'
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file:
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- '/ci/danger-review.yml'
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rules:
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- if: $CI_SERVER_HOST == "gitlab.com"
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```
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1. If your project is in the `gitlab-org` group, you don't need to set up any token as the `DANGER_GITLAB_API_TOKEN`
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variable is available at the group level. If not, follow these last steps:
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1. Create a [Project access tokens](../user/project/settings/project_access_tokens.md).
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1. Add the token as a CI/CD project variable named `DANGER_GITLAB_API_TOKEN`.
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You should add the ~"Danger bot" label to the merge request before sending it
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for review.
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## Current uses
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Here is a (non-exhaustive) list of the kinds of things Danger has been used for
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at GitLab so far:
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- Coding style
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- Database review
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- Documentation review
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- Merge request metrics
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- [Reviewer roulette](code_review.md#reviewer-roulette)
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- Single codebase effort
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## Limitations
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Danger is run but its output is not added to a merge request comment if working
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on a fork. This happens because the secret variable from the canonical project
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is not shared to forks.
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### Configuring Danger for forks
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Contributors can configure Danger for their forks with the following steps:
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1. Create a [personal API token](https://gitlab.com/-/profile/personal_access_tokens?name=GitLab+Dangerbot&scopes=api)
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that has the `api` scope set (don't forget to copy it to the clipboard).
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1. In your fork, add a [project CI/CD variable](../ci/variables/index.md#add-a-cicd-variable-to-a-project)
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called `DANGER_GITLAB_API_TOKEN` with the token copied in the previous step.
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1. Make the variable [masked](../ci/variables/index.md#mask-a-cicd-variable) so it
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doesn't show up in the job logs. The variable cannot be
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[protected](../ci/variables/index.md#protected-cicd-variables), because it needs
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to be present for all branches.
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