360 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
360 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Manage
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group: Authentication and Authorization
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# Exploratory testing of CAPTCHAs
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You can reliably test CAPTCHA on review apps, and in your local development environment (GDK).
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You can always:
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- Force a reCAPTCHA to appear where it is supported.
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- Force a checkbox to display, instead of street sign images to find and select.
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To set up testing, follow the configuration on this page.
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## Use appropriate test data
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Make sure you are testing a scenario which has spam/CAPTCHA enabled. For example:
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make sure you are editing a _public_ snippet, as only public snippets are checked for spam.
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## Enable feature flags
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Enable any relevant feature flag, if the spam/CAPTCHA support is behind a feature flag.
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## Set up Akismet and reCAPTCHA
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1. To set up reCAPTCHA:
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1. Review the [GitLab reCAPTCHA documentation](../../integration/recaptcha.md).
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1. Get Google's official test reCAPTCHA credentials using the instructions from
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[Google's reCAPTCHA documentation](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/faq#id-like-to-run-automated-tests-with-recaptcha.-what-should-i-do).
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1. For **Site key**, use: `6LeIxAcTAAAAAJcZVRqyHh71UMIEGNQ_MXjiZKhI`
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1. For **Secret key**, use: `6LeIxAcTAAAAAGG-vFI1TnRWxMZNFuojJ4WifJWe`
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1. Go to **Admin -> Settings -> Reporting** settings: `http://gdk.test:3000/admin/application_settings/reporting#js-spam-settings`
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1. Select **Enable reCAPTCHA**. Enabling for login is not required unless you are testing that feature.
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1. Enter the **Site key** and **Secret key**.
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1. To set up Akismet:
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1. Review the [GitLab documentation on Akismet](../../integration/akismet.md).
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1. Get an Akismet API key. You can sign up for [a testing key from Akismet](https://akismet.com).
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You must enter your local host (such as`gdk.test`) and email when signing up.
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1. Go to GitLab Akismet settings page, for example:
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`http://gdk.test:3000/admin/application_settings/reporting#js-spam-settings`
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1. Enable Akismet and enter your Akismet **API key**.
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1. To force an Akismet false-positive spam check, refer to the
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[Akismet API documentation](https://akismet.com/development/api/#comment-check) and
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[Akismet Getting Started documentation](https://docs.akismet.com/getting-started/confirm/) for more details:
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1. You can use `akismet-guaranteed-spam@example.com` as the author email to force spam using the following steps:
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1. Go to user email settings: `http://gdk.test:3000/-/profile/emails`
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1. Add `akismet-guaranteed-spam@example.com` as a secondary email for the administrator user.
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1. Confirm it in the Rails console: `bin/rails c` -> `User.find_by_username('root').emails.last.confirm`
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1. Switch this verified email to be your primary email:
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1. Go to **Avatar dropdown list -> Edit Profile -> Main Settings**.
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1. For **Email**, enter `akismet-guaranteed-spam@example.com` to replace `admin@example.com`.
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1. Select **Update Profile Settings** to save your changes.
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## Test in the web UI
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After you have all the above configuration in place, you can test CAPTCHAs. Test
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in an area of the application which already has CAPTCHA support, such as:
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- Creating or editing an issue.
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- Creating or editing a public snippet. Only **public** snippets are checked for spam.
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## Test in a development environment
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After you force Spam Flagging + CAPTCHA using the steps above, you can test the
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behavior with any spam-protected model/controller action.
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### Test with CAPTCHA enabled (CONDITIONAL_ALLOW verdict)
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If CAPTCHA is enabled in these areas, you must solve the CAPTCHA popup modal before you can resubmit the form:
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- **Admin -> Settings -> Reporting -> Spam**
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- **Anti-bot Protection -> Enable reCAPTCHA**
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<!-- vale gitlab.Substitutions = NO -->
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### Testing with CAPTCHA disabled ("DISALLOW" verdict)
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<!-- vale gitlab.Substitutions = YES -->
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If CAPTCHA is disabled in **Admin -> Settings -> Reporting -> Spam** and **Anti-bot Protection -> Enable reCAPTCHA**,
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no CAPTCHA popup displays. You are prevented from submitting the form at all.
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### HTML page to render reCAPTCHA
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NOTE:
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If you use **Google's official test reCAPTCHA credentials** listed in
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[Set up Akismet and reCAPTCHA](#set-up-akismet-and-recaptcha), the
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CAPTCHA response string does not matter. It can be any string. If you use a
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real, valid key pair, you must solve the CAPTCHA to obtain a
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valid CAPTCHA response to use. You can do this once only, and only before it expires.
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To directly test the GraphQL API via [GraphQL Explorer](http://gdk.test:3000/-/graphql-explorer),
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get a reCAPTCHA response string via this form: `public/recaptcha.html` (`http://gdk.test:3000/recaptcha.html`):
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```html
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>reCAPTCHA demo: Explicit render after an onload callback</title>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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var onloadCallback = function() {
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grecaptcha.render('html_element', {
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'sitekey' : '6Ld05AsaAAAAAMsm1yTUp4qsdFARN15rQJPPqv6i'
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});
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};
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function onSubmit() {
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window.document.getElementById('recaptchaResponse').innerHTML = grecaptcha.getResponse();
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return false;
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}
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<form onsubmit="return onSubmit()">
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<div id="html_element"></div>
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<br>
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<input type="submit" value="Submit">
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</form>
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<div>
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<h1>recaptchaResponse:</h1>
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<div id="recaptchaResponse"></div>
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</div>
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<script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onloadCallback&render=explicit"
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async defer>
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## Spam/CAPTCHA API exploratory testing examples
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These sections describe the steps needed to perform manual exploratory testing of
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various scenarios of the Spam and CAPTCHA behavior for the REST and GraphQL APIs.
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For the prerequisites, you must:
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1. Perform all the steps listed above to enable Spam and CAPTCHA in the development environment,
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and force form submissions to require a CAPTCHA.
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1. Ensure you have created an HTML page to render CAPTCHA under the `/public` directory,
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with a page that contains a form to manually generate a valid CAPTCHA response string.
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If you use **Google's official test reCAPTCHA credentials** listed in
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[Set up Akismet and reCAPTCHA](#set-up-akismet-and-recaptcha), the contents of the
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CAPTCHA response string don't matter.
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1. Go to **Admin -> Settings -> Reporting -> Spam and Anti-bot protection**.
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1. Select or clear **Enable reCAPTCHA** and **Enable Akismet** according to your
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scenario's needs.
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The following examples use snippet creation as an example. You could also use
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snippet updates, issue creation, or issue updates. Issues and snippets are the
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only models with full Spam and CAPTCHA support.
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### Initial setup
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1. Create an API token.
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1. Export it in your terminal for the REST commands: `export PRIVATE_TOKEN=<your_api_token>`
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1. Ensure you are logged into GitLab development environment at `localhost:3000` before using GraphiQL explorer,
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because it uses your logged-in user as authorization for running GraphQL queries.
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1. For the GraphQL examples, use the GraphiQL explorer at `http://localhost:3000/-/graphql-explorer`.
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1. Use the `--include` (`-i`) option to `curl` to print the HTTP response headers, including the status code.
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### Scenario: Akismet and CAPTCHA enabled
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In this example, Akismet and CAPTCHA are enabled:
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1. [Initial request](#initial-request).
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<!-- TODO in future edit
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Some example videos:
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- REST API:
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![CAPTCHA REST API](/uploads/b148cbe45496e6f4a4f63d00bb9fbd8a/captcha_rest_api.mov)
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GraphQL API:
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![CAPTCHA GraphQL API](/uploads/3c7ef0fad0b84bd588572bae51519463/captcha_graphql_api.mov)
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-->
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#### Initial request
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This initial request fails because no CAPTCHA response is provided.
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REST request:
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```shell
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curl --request POST --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $PRIVATE_TOKEN" "http://localhost:3000/api/v4/snippets?title=Title&file_name=FileName&content=Content&visibility=public"
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```
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REST response:
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```shell
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{"needs_captcha_response":true,"spam_log_id":42,"captcha_site_key":"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX","message":{"error":"Your snippet has been recognized as spam. Please, change the content or solve the reCAPTCHA to proceed."}}
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```
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GraphQL request:
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```graphql
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mutation {
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createSnippet(input: {
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title: "Title"
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visibilityLevel: public
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blobActions: [
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{
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action: create
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filePath: "BlobPath"
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content: "BlobContent"
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}
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]
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}) {
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snippet {
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id
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title
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}
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errors
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}
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}
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```
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GraphQL response:
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```json
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{
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"data": {
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"createSnippet": null
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},
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"errors": [
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{
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"message": "Request denied. Solve CAPTCHA challenge and retry",
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"locations": [
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{
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"line": 22,
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"column": 5
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}
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],
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"path": [
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"createSnippet"
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],
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"extensions": {
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"needs_captcha_response": true,
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"spam_log_id": 140,
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"captcha_site_key": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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```
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#### Second request
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This request succeeds because a CAPTCHA response is provided.
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REST request:
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```shell
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export CAPTCHA_RESPONSE="<CAPTCHA response obtained from HTML page to render CAPTCHA>"
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export SPAM_LOG_ID="<spam_log_id obtained from initial REST response>"
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curl --request POST --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $PRIVATE_TOKEN" --header "X-GitLab-Captcha-Response: $CAPTCHA_RESPONSE" --header "X-GitLab-Spam-Log-Id: $SPAM_LOG_ID" "http://localhost:3000/api/v4/snippets?title=Title&file_name=FileName&content=Content&visibility=public"
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```
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REST response:
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```shell
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{"id":42,"title":"Title","description":null,"visibility":"public", "other_fields": "..."}
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```
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GraphQL request:
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NOTE:
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The GitLab GraphiQL implementation doesn't allow passing of headers, so we must write
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this as a `curl` query. Here, `--data-binary` is used to properly handle escaped double quotes
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in the JSON-embedded query.
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```shell
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export CAPTCHA_RESPONSE="<CAPTCHA response obtained from HTML page to render CAPTCHA>"
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export SPAM_LOG_ID="<spam_log_id obtained from initial REST response>"
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curl --include "http://localhost:3000/api/graphql" --header "Authorization: Bearer $PRIVATE_TOKEN" --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "X-GitLab-Captcha-Response: $CAPTCHA_RESPONSE" --header "X-GitLab-Spam-Log-Id: $SPAM_LOG_ID" --request POST --data-binary '{"query": "mutation {createSnippet(input: {title: \"Title\" visibilityLevel: public blobActions: [ { action: create filePath: \"BlobPath\" content: \"BlobContent\" } ] }) { snippet { id title } errors }}"}'
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```
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GraphQL response:
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```json
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{"data":{"createSnippet":{"snippet":{"id":"gid://gitlab/PersonalSnippet/42","title":"Title"},"errors":[]}}}
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```
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### Scenario: Akismet enabled, CAPTCHA disabled
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For this scenario, ensure you clear **Enable reCAPTCHA** in the Admin Area settings as described above.
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If CAPTCHA is not enabled, any request flagged as potential spam fails with no chance to resubmit,
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even if it could otherwise be resubmitted if CAPTCHA were enabled and successfully solved.
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The REST request is the same as if CAPTCHA was enabled:
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```shell
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curl --request POST --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $PRIVATE_TOKEN" "http://localhost:3000/api/v4/snippets?title=Title&file_name=FileName&content=Content&visibility=public"
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```
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REST response:
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```shell
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{"message":{"error":"Your snippet has been recognized as spam and has been discarded."}}
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```
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GraphQL request:
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```graphql
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mutation {
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createSnippet(input: {
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title: "Title"
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visibilityLevel: public
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blobActions: [
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{
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action: create
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filePath: "BlobPath"
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content: "BlobContent"
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}
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]
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}) {
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snippet {
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id
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title
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}
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errors
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}
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}
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```
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GraphQL response:
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```json
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{
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"data": {
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"createSnippet": null
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},
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"errors": [
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{
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"message": "Request denied. Spam detected",
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"locations": [
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{
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"line": 22,
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"column": 5
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}
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],
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"path": [
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"createSnippet"
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],
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"extensions": {
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"spam": true
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}
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}
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]
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}
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```
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### Scenario: allow_possible_spam feature flag enabled
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With the `allow_possible_spam` feature flag enabled, the API returns a 200 response. Any
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valid request is successful and no CAPTCHA is presented, even if the request is considered
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spam.
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