149 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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description: 'Learn how to use GitLab Pages to deploy a static website at no additional cost.'
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stage: Release
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group: Release
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# GitLab Pages
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> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/80) in GitLab Enterprise Edition 8.3.
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> - Custom CNAMEs with TLS support were [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/173) in GitLab Enterprise Edition 8.5.
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> - [Ported](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/14605) to GitLab Community Edition in GitLab 8.17.
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> - Support for subgroup project's websites was [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/30548) in GitLab 11.8.
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> - Bundled project templates were [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/47857) in GitLab 11.8.
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With GitLab Pages, you can publish static websites
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directly from a repository in GitLab.
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-md-9">
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<p style="margin-top: 18px;">
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<ul>
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<li>Use for any personal or business website.</li>
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<li>Use any Static Site Generator (SSG) or plain HTML.</li>
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<li>Create websites for your projects, groups, or user account.</li>
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<li>Host your site on your own GitLab instance or on GitLab.com for free.</li>
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<li>Connect your custom domains and TLS certificates.</li>
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<li>Attribute any license to your content.</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-3"><img src="img/ssgs_pages.png" alt="Examples of SSGs supported by Pages" class="middle display-block"></div>
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</div>
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To publish a website with Pages, you can use any SSG,
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like Gatsby, Jekyll, Hugo, Middleman, Harp, Hexo, and Brunch, just to name a few. You can also
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publish any website written directly in plain HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
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Pages does **not** support dynamic server-side processing, for instance, as `.php` and `.asp` requires.
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Learn more about
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[static websites compared to dynamic websites](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/06/03/ssg-overview-gitlab-pages-part-1-dynamic-x-static/).
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## Getting started
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To create a GitLab Pages website:
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| Document | Description |
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| -------- | ----------- |
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| [Create a `gitlab-ci.yml` file from scratch](getting_started/pages_from_scratch.md) | Add a Pages site to an existing project. Learn how to create and configure your own CI file. |
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| [Use a `.gitlab-ci.yml` template](getting_started/pages_ci_cd_template.md) | Add a Pages site to an existing project. Use a pre-populated CI template file. |
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| [Fork a sample project](getting_started/pages_forked_sample_project.md) | Create a new project with Pages already configured by forking a sample project. |
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| [Use a project template](getting_started/pages_new_project_template.md) | Create a new project with Pages already configured by using a template. |
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To update a GitLab Pages website:
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| Document | Description |
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| -------- | ----------- |
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| [GitLab Pages domain names, URLs, and base URLs](getting_started_part_one.md) | Learn about GitLab Pages default domains. |
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| [Explore GitLab Pages](introduction.md) | Requirements, technical aspects, specific GitLab CI/CD configuration options, Access Control, custom 404 pages, limitations, FAQ. |
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| [Custom domains and SSL/TLS Certificates](custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/index.md) | Custom domains and subdomains, DNS records, and SSL/TLS certificates. |
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| [Let's Encrypt integration](custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/lets_encrypt_integration.md) | Secure your Pages sites with Let's Encrypt certificates, which are automatically obtained and renewed by GitLab. |
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| [Redirects](redirects.md) | Set up HTTP redirects to forward one page to another. |
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Learn more and see examples:
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| Document | Description |
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| -------- | ----------- |
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| [Static vs dynamic websites](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/06/03/ssg-overview-gitlab-pages-part-1-dynamic-x-static/) | Static versus dynamic site overview. |
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| [Modern static site generators](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/06/10/ssg-overview-gitlab-pages-part-2/) | SSG overview. |
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| [Build any SSG site with GitLab Pages](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/06/17/ssg-overview-gitlab-pages-part-3-examples-ci/) | Use SSGs for GitLab Pages. |
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## How it works
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To use GitLab Pages, you must create a project in GitLab to upload your website's
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files to. These projects can be either public, internal, or private.
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GitLab always deploys your website from a very specific folder called `public` in your
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repository. When you create a new project in GitLab, a [repository](../repository/index.md)
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becomes available automatically.
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To deploy your site, GitLab uses its built-in tool called [GitLab CI/CD](../../../ci/README.md)
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to build your site and publish it to the GitLab Pages server. The sequence of
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scripts that GitLab CI/CD runs to accomplish this task is created from a file named
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`.gitlab-ci.yml`, which you can [create and modify](getting_started/pages_from_scratch.md).
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A specific `job` called `pages` in the configuration file makes GitLab aware that you're deploying a
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GitLab Pages website.
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You can either use the GitLab [default domain for GitLab Pages websites](getting_started_part_one.md#gitlab-pages-default-domain-names),
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`*.gitlab.io`, or your own domain (`example.com`). In that case, you
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need administrator access to your domain's registrar (or control panel) to set it up with Pages.
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The following diagrams show the workflows you might follow to get started with Pages.
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<img src="img/new_project_for_pages_v12_5.png" alt="New projects for GitLab Pages">
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## Access to your Pages site
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If you're using GitLab Pages default domain (`.gitlab.io`),
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your website is automatically secure and available under
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HTTPS. If you're using your own custom domain, you can
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optionally secure it with SSL/TLS certificates.
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If you're using GitLab.com, your website is publicly available to the internet.
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To restrict access to your website, enable [GitLab Pages Access Control](pages_access_control.md).
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If you're using a self-managed instance (Free, Premium, or Ultimate),
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your websites are published on your own server, according to the
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[Pages settings](../../../administration/pages/index.md) chosen by your sysadmin,
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who can make them public or internal.
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## Pages examples
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There are some great examples of GitLab Pages websites built for
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specific reasons. These examples can teach you advanced techniques
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to use and adapt to your own needs:
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- [Posting to your GitLab Pages blog from iOS](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/08/19/posting-to-your-gitlab-pages-blog-from-ios/).
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- [GitLab CI: Run jobs sequentially, in parallel, or build a custom pipeline](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/07/29/the-basics-of-gitlab-ci/).
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- [GitLab CI: Deployment & environments](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2021/02/05/ci-deployment-and-environments/).
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- [Building a new GitLab docs site with Nanoc, GitLab CI, and GitLab Pages](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/12/07/building-a-new-gitlab-docs-site-with-nanoc-gitlab-ci-and-gitlab-pages/).
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- [Publish code coverage reports with GitLab Pages](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2016/11/03/publish-code-coverage-report-with-gitlab-pages/).
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## Administer GitLab Pages for self-managed instances
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If you are running a self-managed instance of GitLab (GitLab Community Edition and Enterprise Editions),
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[follow the administration steps](../../../administration/pages/index.md) to configure Pages.
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<i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> Watch a [video tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD8c7WNcc6s) about how to get started with GitLab Pages administration.
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## Security for GitLab Pages
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If your username is `foo`, your GitLab Pages website is located at `foo.gitlab.io`.
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GitLab allows usernames to contain a `.`, so a user named `bar.foo` could create
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a GitLab Pages website `bar.foo.gitlab.io` that effectively is a subdomain of your
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`foo.gitlab.io` website. Be careful if you use JavaScript to set cookies for your website.
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The safe way to manually set cookies with JavaScript is to not specify the `domain` at all:
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```javascript
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// Safe: This cookie is only visible to foo.gitlab.io
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document.cookie = "key=value";
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// Unsafe: This cookie is visible to foo.gitlab.io and its subdomains,
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// regardless of the presence of the leading dot.
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document.cookie = "key=value;domain=.foo.gitlab.io";
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document.cookie = "key=value;domain=foo.gitlab.io";
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```
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This issue doesn't affect users with a custom domain, or users who don't set any
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cookies manually with JavaScript.
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