695 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
695 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
---
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stage: Growth
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group: Product Intelligence
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info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
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---
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# Service Ping Guide **(FREE SELF)**
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> - Introduced in GitLab Ultimate 11.2, more statistics.
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> - In GitLab 14.1, [renamed from Usage Ping to Service Ping](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/5990). In 14.0 and earlier, use the Usage Ping documentation for the Rails commands appropriate to your version.
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Service Ping is a GitLab process that collects and sends a weekly payload to GitLab.
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The payload provides important high-level data that helps our product, support,
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and sales teams understand how GitLab is used. The data helps to:
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- Compare counts month over month (or week over week) to get a rough sense for how an instance uses
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different product features.
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- Collect other facts that help us classify and understand GitLab installations.
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- Calculate our stage monthly active users (SMAU), which helps to measure the success of our stages
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and features.
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Service Ping information is not anonymous. It's linked to the instance's hostname, but does
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not contain project names, usernames, or any other specific data.
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Sending a Service Ping payload is optional and you can [disable](#disable-service-ping) it on any
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self-managed instance. When Service Ping is enabled, GitLab gathers data from the other instances
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and can show your instance's usage statistics to your users.
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## Service Ping terminology
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We use the following terminology to describe the Service Ping components:
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- **Service Ping**: the process that collects and generates a JSON payload.
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- **Service Data**: the contents of the Service Ping JSON payload. This includes metrics.
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- **Metrics**: primarily made up of row counts for different tables in an instance's database. Each
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metric has a corresponding [metric definition](metrics_dictionary.md#metrics-definition-and-validation)
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in a YAML file.
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- **MAU**: monthly active users.
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- **WAU**: weekly active users.
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### Why enable Service Ping?
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The main purpose of Service Ping is to build a better GitLab. We collect data about how GitLab is used
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to understand feature or stage adoption and usage. This data gives an insight into how GitLab adds
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value and helps our team understand the reasons why people use GitLab, and with this knowledge we're able to
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make better product decisions.
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There are several other benefits to enabling Service Ping:
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- As a benefit of having Service Ping active, GitLab lets you analyze the users' activities over time of your GitLab installation.
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- As a benefit of having Service Ping active, GitLab provides you with [DevOps Score](../../user/admin_area/analytics/dev_ops_report.md#devops-score), which gives you an overview of your entire instance's adoption of Concurrent DevOps from planning to monitoring.
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- You get better, more proactive support (assuming that our TAMs and support organization used the data to deliver more value).
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- You get insight and advice into how to get the most value out of your investment in GitLab. Wouldn't you want to know that a number of features or values are not being adopted in your organization?
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- You get a report that illustrates how you compare against other similar organizations (anonymized), with specific advice and recommendations on how to improve your DevOps processes.
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- Service Ping is enabled by default. To disable it, see [Disable Service Ping](#disable-service-ping).
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- When Service Ping is enabled, you have the option to participate in our [Registration Features Program](#registration-features-program) and receive free paid features.
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### Limitations
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- Service Ping does not track frontend events things like page views, link clicks, or user sessions.
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- Service Ping focuses only on aggregated backend events.
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Because of these limitations we recommend you:
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- Instrument your products with Snowplow for more detailed analytics on GitLab.com.
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- Use Service Ping to track aggregated backend events on self-managed instances.
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### Registration Features Program
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> Introduced in GitLab 14.1.
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In GitLab versions 14.1 and later, GitLab Free customers with a self-managed instance running
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[GitLab EE](../ee_features.md) can receive paid features by registering with GitLab and sending us
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activity data through Service Ping. Features introduced here do not remove the feature from its paid
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tier. Users can continue to access the features in a paid tier without sharing usage data.
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#### Features available in 14.1 and later
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1. [Email from GitLab](../../tools/email.md).
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#### Features available in 14.4 and later
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1. [Repository size limit](../../user/admin_area/settings/account_and_limit_settings.md#repository-size-limit).
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1. [Restrict group access by IP address](../../user/group/index.md#restrict-group-access-by-ip-address).
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NOTE:
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Registration is not yet required for participation, but will be added in a future milestone.
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#### Enable Registration Features
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1. Sign in as a user with administrator access.
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Metrics and profiling**.
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1. Expand the **Usage statistics** section.
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1. If not enabled, select the **Enable Service Ping** checkbox.
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1. Select the **Enable Registration Features** checkbox.
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1. Select **Save changes**.
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## View the Service Ping payload **(FREE SELF)**
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You can view the exact JSON payload sent to GitLab Inc. in the Admin Area. To view the payload:
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1. Sign in as a user with administrator access.
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Metrics and profiling**.
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1. Expand the **Usage statistics** section.
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1. Select **Preview payload**.
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For an example payload, see [Example Service Ping payload](#example-service-ping-payload).
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## Disable Service Ping **(FREE SELF)**
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NOTE:
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The method to disable Service Ping in the GitLab configuration file does not work in
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GitLab versions 9.3 to 13.12.3. See the [troubleshooting section](#cannot-disable-service-ping-using-the-configuration-file)
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on how to disable it.
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You can disable Service Ping either using the GitLab UI, or editing the GitLab
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configuration file.
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### Disable Service Ping using the UI
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To disable Service Ping in the GitLab UI:
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1. Sign in as a user with administrator access.
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1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
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1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Metrics and profiling**.
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1. Expand the **Usage statistics** section.
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1. Clear the **Enable Service Ping** checkbox.
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1. Select **Save changes**.
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### Disable Service Ping using the configuration file
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To disable Service Ping and prevent it from being configured in the future through
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the Admin Area:
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**For installations using the Linux package:**
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1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
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```ruby
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gitlab_rails['usage_ping_enabled'] = false
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```
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1. Reconfigure GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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```
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**For installations from source:**
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1. Edit `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`:
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```yaml
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production: &base
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# ...
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gitlab:
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# ...
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usage_ping_enabled: false
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```
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1. Restart GitLab:
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```shell
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sudo service gitlab restart
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```
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## Service Ping request flow
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The following example shows a basic request/response flow between a GitLab instance, the Versions Application, the License Application, Salesforce, the GitLab S3 Bucket, the GitLab Snowflake Data Warehouse, and Sisense:
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant GitLab Instance
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participant Versions Application
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participant Licenses Application
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participant Salesforce
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participant S3 Bucket
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participant Snowflake DW
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participant Sisense Dashboards
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GitLab Instance->>Versions Application: Send Service Ping
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loop Process usage data
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Versions Application->>Versions Application: Parse usage data
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Versions Application->>Versions Application: Write to database
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Versions Application->>Versions Application: Update license ping time
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end
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loop Process data for Salesforce
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Versions Application-xLicenses Application: Request Zuora subscription id
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Licenses Application-xVersions Application: Zuora subscription id
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Versions Application-xSalesforce: Request Zuora account id by Zuora subscription id
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Salesforce-xVersions Application: Zuora account id
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Versions Application-xSalesforce: Usage data for the Zuora account
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end
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Versions Application->>S3 Bucket: Export Versions database
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S3 Bucket->>Snowflake DW: Import data
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Snowflake DW->>Snowflake DW: Transform data using dbt
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Snowflake DW->>Sisense Dashboards: Data available for querying
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Versions Application->>GitLab Instance: DevOps Score (Conversational Development Index)
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```
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## How Service Ping works
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1. The Service Ping [cron job](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/app/workers/gitlab_service_ping_worker.rb#L24) is set in Sidekiq to run weekly.
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1. When the cron job runs, it calls [`Gitlab::Usage::ServicePingReport.for(output: :all_metrics_values)`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/app/services/service_ping/submit_service.rb).
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1. `Gitlab::Usage::ServicePingReport.for(output: :all_metrics_values)` [cascades down](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/usage_data.rb) to ~400+ other counter method calls.
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1. The response of all methods calls are [merged together](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/usage_data.rb#L68) into a single JSON payload.
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1. The JSON payload is then [posted to the Versions application](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/app/services/service_ping/submit_service.rb#L20)
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If a firewall exception is needed, the required URL depends on several things. If
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the hostname is `version.gitlab.com`, the protocol is `TCP`, and the port number is `443`,
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the required URL is <https://version.gitlab.com/>.
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1. In case of an error, it will be reported to the Version application along with following pieces of information:
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- `uuid` - GitLab instance unique identifier
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- `hostname` - GitLab instance hostname
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- `version` - GitLab instance current versions
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- `elapsed` - Amount of time which passed since Service Ping report process started and moment of error occurrence
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- `message` - Error message
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<pre>
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<code>
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{
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"uuid"=>"02333324-1cd7-4c3b-a45b-a4993f05fb1d",
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"hostname"=>"127.0.0.1",
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"version"=>"14.7.0-pre",
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"elapsed"=>0.006946,
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"message"=>'PG::UndefinedColumn: ERROR: column \"non_existent_attribute\" does not exist\nLINE 1: SELECT COUNT(non_existent_attribute) FROM \"issues\" /*applica...'
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}
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</code>
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</pre>
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### On a Geo secondary site
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We also collect metrics specific to [Geo](../../administration/geo/index.md) secondary sites to send with Service Ping.
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1. The [Geo secondary service ping cron job](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/ee/app/workers/geo/secondary_usage_data_cron_worker.rb) is set in Sidekiq to run weekly.
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1. When the cron job runs, it calls [`SecondaryUsageData.update_metrics!`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/ee/app/models/geo/secondary_usage_data.rb#L33). This collects the relevant metrics from Prometheus and stores the data in the Geo secondary tracking database for transmission to the primary site during a [Geo node status update](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/ee/app/models/geo_node_status.rb#L105).
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1. Geo node status data is sent with the JSON payload in the process described above. The following is an example of the payload where each object in the array represents a Geo node:
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```json
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[
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{
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"repository_verification_enabled"=>true,
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"repositories_replication_enabled"=>true,
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"repositories_synced_count"=>24,
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"repositories_failed_count"=>0,
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"git_fetch_event_count_weekly"=>nil,
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"git_push_event_count_weekly"=>nil,
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... other geo node status fields
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}
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]
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```
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## Implementing Service Ping
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See the [implement Service Ping](implement.md) guide.
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## Example Service Ping payload
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The following is example content of the Service Ping payload.
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```json
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{
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"uuid": "0000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
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"hostname": "example.com",
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"version": "12.10.0-pre",
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"installation_type": "omnibus-gitlab",
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"active_user_count": 999,
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"recorded_at": "2020-04-17T07:43:54.162+00:00",
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"edition": "EEU",
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"license_md5": "00000000000000000000000000000000",
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"license_id": null,
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"historical_max_users": 999,
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"licensee": {
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"Name": "ABC, Inc.",
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"Email": "email@example.com",
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"Company": "ABC, Inc."
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},
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"license_user_count": 999,
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"license_starts_at": "2020-01-01",
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"license_expires_at": "2021-01-01",
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"license_plan": "ultimate",
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"license_add_ons": {
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},
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"license_trial": false,
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"counts": {
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"assignee_lists": 999,
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"boards": 999,
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"ci_builds": 999,
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...
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},
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"container_registry_enabled": true,
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"dependency_proxy_enabled": false,
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"gitlab_shared_runners_enabled": true,
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"gravatar_enabled": true,
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"influxdb_metrics_enabled": true,
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"ldap_enabled": false,
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"mattermost_enabled": false,
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"omniauth_enabled": true,
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"prometheus_enabled": false,
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"prometheus_metrics_enabled": false,
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"reply_by_email_enabled": "incoming+%{key}@incoming.gitlab.com",
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"signup_enabled": true,
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"web_ide_clientside_preview_enabled": true,
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"projects_with_expiration_policy_disabled": 999,
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"projects_with_expiration_policy_enabled": 999,
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...
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"elasticsearch_enabled": true,
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"license_trial_ends_on": null,
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"geo_enabled": false,
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"git": {
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"version": {
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"major": 2,
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"minor": 26,
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"patch": 1
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}
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},
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"gitaly": {
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"version": "12.10.0-rc1-93-g40980d40",
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"servers": 56,
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"clusters": 14,
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"filesystems": [
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"EXT_2_3_4"
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]
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},
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"gitlab_pages": {
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"enabled": true,
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"version": "1.17.0"
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},
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"container_registry_server": {
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"vendor": "gitlab",
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"version": "2.9.1-gitlab"
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},
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"database": {
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"adapter": "postgresql",
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"version": "9.6.15",
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"pg_system_id": 6842684531675334351,
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"flavor": "Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL"
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},
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"analytics_unique_visits": {
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"g_analytics_contribution": 999,
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...
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},
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"usage_activity_by_stage": {
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"configure": {
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"project_clusters_enabled": 999,
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...
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},
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"create": {
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"merge_requests": 999,
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...
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},
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"manage": {
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"events": 999,
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...
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},
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"monitor": {
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"clusters": 999,
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...
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},
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"package": {
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"projects_with_packages": 999
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},
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"plan": {
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"issues": 999,
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...
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},
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"release": {
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"deployments": 999,
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...
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},
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"secure": {
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"user_container_scanning_jobs": 999,
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...
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},
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"verify": {
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"ci_builds": 999,
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...
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}
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},
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"usage_activity_by_stage_monthly": {
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"configure": {
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"project_clusters_enabled": 999,
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...
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},
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"create": {
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"merge_requests": 999,
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...
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},
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"manage": {
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"events": 999,
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...
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},
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"monitor": {
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"clusters": 999,
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...
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},
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"package": {
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"projects_with_packages": 999
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},
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"plan": {
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"issues": 999,
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...
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},
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"release": {
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"deployments": 999,
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...
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},
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"secure": {
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"user_container_scanning_jobs": 999,
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...
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},
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"verify": {
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"ci_builds": 999,
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...
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}
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},
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"topology": {
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"duration_s": 0.013836685999194742,
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"application_requests_per_hour": 4224,
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"query_apdex_weekly_average": 0.996,
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"failures": [],
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"nodes": [
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{
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"node_memory_total_bytes": 33269903360,
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"node_memory_utilization": 0.35,
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"node_cpus": 16,
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"node_cpu_utilization": 0.2,
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"node_uname_info": {
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"machine": "x86_64",
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"sysname": "Linux",
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"release": "4.19.76-linuxkit"
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},
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"node_services": [
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{
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"name": "web",
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"process_count": 16,
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"process_memory_pss": 233349888,
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"process_memory_rss": 788220927,
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"process_memory_uss": 195295487,
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"server": "puma"
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},
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{
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"name": "sidekiq",
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"process_count": 1,
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"process_memory_pss": 734080000,
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"process_memory_rss": 750051328,
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"process_memory_uss": 731533312
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},
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...
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],
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...
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},
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...
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]
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}
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}
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```
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## Notable changes
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In GitLab 14.6, [`flavor`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/75587) was added to try to detect the underlying managed database variant.
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Possible values are "Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL", "PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS", "Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL",
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"Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Flexible Server", or "null".
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In GitLab 13.5, `pg_system_id` was added to send the [PostgreSQL system identifier](https://www.2ndquadrant.com/en/blog/support-for-postgresqls-system-identifier-in-barman/).
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## Export Service Ping SQL queries and definitions
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Two Rake tasks exist to export Service Ping definitions.
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- The Rake tasks export the raw SQL queries for `count`, `distinct_count`, `sum`.
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- The Rake tasks export the Redis counter class or the line of the Redis block for `redis_usage_data`.
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- The Rake tasks calculate the `alt_usage_data` metrics.
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In the home directory of your local GitLab installation run the following Rake tasks for the YAML and JSON versions respectively:
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```shell
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# for YAML export
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bin/rake gitlab:usage_data:dump_sql_in_yaml
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# for JSON export
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bin/rake gitlab:usage_data:dump_sql_in_json
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# You may pipe the output into a file
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bin/rake gitlab:usage_data:dump_sql_in_yaml > ~/Desktop/usage-metrics-2020-09-02.yaml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Generate Service Ping
|
|
|
|
To generate Service Ping, use [Teleport](https://goteleport.com/docs/) or a detached screen session on a remote server.
|
|
|
|
### Triggering
|
|
|
|
#### Trigger Service Ping with Teleport
|
|
|
|
1. Request temporary [access](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/runbooks/-/blob/master/docs/Teleport/Connect_to_Rails_Console_via_Teleport.md#how-to-use-teleport-to-connect-to-rails-console) to the required environment.
|
|
1. After your approval is issued, [access the Rails console](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/runbooks/-/blob/master/docs/Teleport/Connect_to_Rails_Console_via_Teleport.md#access-approval).
|
|
1. Run `ServicePing::SubmitService.new.execute`.
|
|
|
|
#### Trigger Service Ping with a detached screen session
|
|
|
|
1. Connect to bastion with agent forwarding:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
ssh -A lb-bastion.gprd.gitlab.com
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Create named screen:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
screen -S <username>_usage_ping_<date>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Connect to console host:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
ssh $USER-rails@console-01-sv-gprd.c.gitlab-production.internal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Run:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
ServicePing::SubmitService.new.execute
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. To detach from screen, press `ctrl + A`, `ctrl + D`.
|
|
1. Exit from bastion:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
exit
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Verification (After approx 30 hours)
|
|
|
|
#### Verify with Teleport
|
|
|
|
1. Follow [the steps](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/runbooks/-/blob/master/docs/Teleport/Connect_to_Rails_Console_via_Teleport.md#how-to-use-teleport-to-connect-to-rails-console) to request a new access to the required environment and connect to the Rails console
|
|
1. Check the last payload in `raw_usage_data` table: `RawUsageData.last.payload`
|
|
1. Check the when the payload was sent: `RawUsageData.last.sent_at`
|
|
|
|
#### Verify using detached screen session
|
|
|
|
1. Reconnect to bastion:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
ssh -A lb-bastion.gprd.gitlab.com
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Find your screen session:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
screen -ls
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Attach to your screen session:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
screen -x 14226.mwawrzyniak_usage_ping_2021_01_22
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Check the last payload in `raw_usage_data` table:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
RawUsageData.last.payload
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Check the when the payload was sent:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
RawUsageData.last.sent_at
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Skip database write operations
|
|
|
|
To skip database write operations, DevOps report creation, and storage of usage data payload, pass an optional argument:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
skip_db_write:
|
|
ServicePing::SubmitService.new(skip_db_write: true).execute
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Manually upload Service Ping payload
|
|
|
|
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/7388) in GitLab 14.8 with a flag named `admin_application_settings_service_usage_data_center`. Disabled by default.
|
|
|
|
Service Ping payload can be uploaded to GitLab even if your application instance doesn't have access to the internet,
|
|
or you don't have Service Ping [cron job](#how-service-ping-works) enabled.
|
|
|
|
To upload payload manually:
|
|
|
|
1. Sign in as a user with administrator access.
|
|
1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
|
|
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Service** usage data.
|
|
1. Select **Download payload**.
|
|
1. Save the JSON file.
|
|
1. Visit [Service usage data center](https://version.gitlab.com/usage_data/new).
|
|
1. Select **Choose file** and choose the file from p5.
|
|
1. Select **Upload**.
|
|
|
|
## Monitoring
|
|
|
|
Service Ping reporting process state is monitored with [internal SiSense dashboard](https://app.periscopedata.com/app/gitlab/968489/Product-Intelligence---Service-Ping-Health).
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
### Cannot disable Service Ping using the configuration file
|
|
|
|
The method to disable Service Ping using the GitLab configuration file does not work in
|
|
GitLab versions 9.3.0 to 13.12.3. To disable it, you must use the Admin Area in
|
|
the GitLab UI instead. For more information, see
|
|
[this issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/333269).
|
|
|
|
GitLab functionality and application settings cannot override or circumvent
|
|
restrictions at the network layer. If Service Ping is blocked by your firewall,
|
|
you are not impacted by this bug.
|
|
|
|
#### Check if you are affected
|
|
|
|
You can check if you were affected by this bug by using the Admin Area or by
|
|
checking the configuration file of your GitLab instance:
|
|
|
|
- Using the Admin Area:
|
|
|
|
1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
|
|
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Metrics and profiling**.
|
|
1. Expand **Usage Statistics**.
|
|
1. Are you able to check or uncheck the checkbox to disable Service Ping?
|
|
|
|
- If _yes_, your GitLab instance is not affected by this bug.
|
|
- If you can't check or uncheck the checkbox, you are affected by this bug.
|
|
See the steps on [how to fix this](#how-to-fix-the-cannot-disable-service-ping-bug).
|
|
|
|
- Checking your GitLab instance configuration file:
|
|
|
|
To check whether you're impacted by this bug, check your instance configuration
|
|
settings. The configuration file in which Service Ping can be disabled depends
|
|
on your installation and deployment method, but is typically one of the following:
|
|
|
|
- `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` for Omnibus GitLab Linux Package and Docker.
|
|
- `charts.yaml` for GitLab Helm and cloud-native Kubernetes deployments.
|
|
- `gitlab.yml` for GitLab installations from source.
|
|
|
|
To check the relevant configuration file for strings that indicate whether
|
|
Service Ping is disabled, you can use `grep`:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Linux package
|
|
grep "usage_ping_enabled'\] = false" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
|
|
|
|
# Kubernetes charts
|
|
grep "enableUsagePing: false" values.yaml
|
|
|
|
# From source
|
|
grep "usage_ping_enabled'\] = false" gitlab/config.yml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you see any output after running the relevant command, your GitLab instance
|
|
may be affected by the bug. Otherwise, your instance is not affected.
|
|
|
|
#### How to fix the "Cannot disable Service Ping" bug
|
|
|
|
To work around this bug, you have two options:
|
|
|
|
- [Update](../../update/index.md) to GitLab 13.12.4 or newer to fix this bug.
|
|
- If you can't update to GitLab 13.12.4 or newer, enable Service Ping in the
|
|
configuration file, then disable Service Ping in the UI. For example, if you're
|
|
using the Linux package:
|
|
|
|
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
|
|
|
|
```ruby
|
|
gitlab_rails['usage_ping_enabled'] = true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Reconfigure GitLab:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. In GitLab, on the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
|
|
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Metrics and profiling**.
|
|
1. Expand **Usage Statistics**.
|
|
1. Clear the **Enable Service Ping** checkbox.
|
|
1. Select **Save Changes**.
|
|
|
|
## Related topics
|
|
|
|
- [Product Intelligence Guide](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/product-intelligence-guide/)
|
|
- [Snowplow Guide](../snowplow/index.md)
|
|
- [Product Intelligence Direction](https://about.gitlab.com/direction/product-intelligence/)
|
|
- [Data Analysis Process](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/business-technology/data-team/#data-analysis-process/)
|
|
- [Data for Product Managers](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/business-technology/data-team/programs/data-for-product-managers/)
|
|
- [Data Infrastructure](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/business-technology/data-team/platform/infrastructure/)
|