276 lines
9.4 KiB
Ruby
276 lines
9.4 KiB
Ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
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module Gitlab
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module Database
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module LoadBalancing
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# Load balancing for ActiveRecord connections.
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#
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# Each host in the load balancer uses the same credentials as the primary
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# database.
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#
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# This class *requires* that `ActiveRecord::Base.retrieve_connection`
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# always returns a connection to the primary.
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class LoadBalancer
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CACHE_KEY = :gitlab_load_balancer_host
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VALID_HOSTS_CACHE_KEY = :gitlab_load_balancer_valid_hosts
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attr_reader :host_list
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# hosts - The hostnames/addresses of the additional databases.
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def initialize(hosts = [])
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@host_list = HostList.new(hosts.map { |addr| Host.new(addr, self) })
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@connection_db_roles = {}.compare_by_identity
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@connection_db_roles_count = {}.compare_by_identity
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end
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# Yields a connection that can be used for reads.
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#
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# If no secondaries were available this method will use the primary
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# instead.
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def read(&block)
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connection = nil
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conflict_retried = 0
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while host
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ensure_caching!
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begin
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connection = host.connection
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track_connection_role(connection, ROLE_REPLICA)
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return yield connection
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rescue StandardError => error
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untrack_connection_role(connection)
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if serialization_failure?(error)
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# This error can occur when a query conflicts. See
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# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/hot-standby.html#HOT-STANDBY-CONFLICT
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# for more information.
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#
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# In this event we'll cycle through the secondaries at most 3
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# times before using the primary instead.
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will_retry = conflict_retried < @host_list.length * 3
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LoadBalancing::Logger.warn(
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event: :host_query_conflict,
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message: 'Query conflict on host',
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conflict_retried: conflict_retried,
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will_retry: will_retry,
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db_host: host.host,
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db_port: host.port,
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host_list_length: @host_list.length
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)
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if will_retry
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conflict_retried += 1
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release_host
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else
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break
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end
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elsif connection_error?(error)
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host.offline!
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release_host
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else
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raise error
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end
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end
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end
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LoadBalancing::Logger.warn(
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event: :no_secondaries_available,
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message: 'No secondaries were available, using primary instead',
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conflict_retried: conflict_retried,
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host_list_length: @host_list.length
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)
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read_write(&block)
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ensure
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untrack_connection_role(connection)
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end
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# Yields a connection that can be used for both reads and writes.
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def read_write
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connection = nil
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# In the event of a failover the primary may be briefly unavailable.
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# Instead of immediately grinding to a halt we'll retry the operation
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# a few times.
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retry_with_backoff do
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connection = ActiveRecord::Base.retrieve_connection
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track_connection_role(connection, ROLE_PRIMARY)
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yield connection
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end
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ensure
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untrack_connection_role(connection)
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end
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# Recognize the role (primary/replica) of the database this connection
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# is connecting to. If the connection is not issued by this load
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# balancer, return nil
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def db_role_for_connection(connection)
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return @connection_db_roles[connection] if @connection_db_roles[connection]
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return ROLE_REPLICA if @host_list.manage_pool?(connection.pool)
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return ROLE_PRIMARY if connection.pool == ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool
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end
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# Returns a host to use for queries.
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#
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# Hosts are scoped per thread so that multiple threads don't
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# accidentally re-use the same host + connection.
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def host
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RequestStore[CACHE_KEY] ||= current_host_list.next
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end
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# Releases the host and connection for the current thread.
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def release_host
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if host = RequestStore[CACHE_KEY]
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host.disable_query_cache!
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host.release_connection
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end
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RequestStore.delete(CACHE_KEY)
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RequestStore.delete(VALID_HOSTS_CACHE_KEY)
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end
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def release_primary_connection
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ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.release_connection
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end
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# Returns the transaction write location of the primary.
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def primary_write_location
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location = read_write do |connection|
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::Gitlab::Database.get_write_location(connection)
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end
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return location if location
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raise 'Failed to determine the write location of the primary database'
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end
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# Returns true if all hosts have caught up to the given transaction
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# write location.
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def all_caught_up?(location)
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@host_list.hosts.all? { |host| host.caught_up?(location) }
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end
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# Returns true if there was at least one host that has caught up with the given transaction.
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#
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# In case of a retry, this method also stores the set of hosts that have caught up.
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def select_caught_up_hosts(location)
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all_hosts = @host_list.hosts
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valid_hosts = all_hosts.select { |host| host.caught_up?(location) }
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return false if valid_hosts.empty?
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# Hosts can come online after the time when this scan was done,
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# so we need to remember the ones that can be used. If the host went
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# offline, we'll just rely on the retry mechanism to use the primary.
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set_consistent_hosts_for_request(HostList.new(valid_hosts))
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# Since we will be using a subset from the original list, let's just
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# pick a random host and mix up the original list to ensure we don't
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# only end up using one replica.
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RequestStore[CACHE_KEY] = valid_hosts.sample
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@host_list.shuffle
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true
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end
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# Returns true if there was at least one host that has caught up with the given transaction.
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# Similar to `#select_caught_up_hosts`, picks a random host, to rotate replicas we use.
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# Unlike `#select_caught_up_hosts`, does not iterate over all hosts if finds any.
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def select_up_to_date_host(location)
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all_hosts = @host_list.hosts.shuffle
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host = all_hosts.find { |host| host.caught_up?(location) }
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return false unless host
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RequestStore[CACHE_KEY] = host
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true
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end
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def set_consistent_hosts_for_request(hosts)
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RequestStore[VALID_HOSTS_CACHE_KEY] = hosts
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end
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# Yields a block, retrying it upon error using an exponential backoff.
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def retry_with_backoff(retries = 3, time = 2)
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retried = 0
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last_error = nil
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while retried < retries
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begin
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return yield
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rescue StandardError => error
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raise error unless connection_error?(error)
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# We need to release the primary connection as otherwise Rails
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# will keep raising errors when using the connection.
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release_primary_connection
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last_error = error
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sleep(time)
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retried += 1
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time **= 2
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end
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end
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raise last_error
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end
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def connection_error?(error)
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case error
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when ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid, ActionView::Template::Error
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# After connecting to the DB Rails will wrap query errors using this
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# class.
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connection_error?(error.cause)
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when *CONNECTION_ERRORS
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true
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else
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# When PG tries to set the client encoding but fails due to a
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# connection error it will raise a PG::Error instance. Catching that
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# would catch all errors (even those we don't want), so instead we
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# check for the message of the error.
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error.message.start_with?('invalid encoding name:')
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end
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end
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def serialization_failure?(error)
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if error.cause
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serialization_failure?(error.cause)
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else
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error.is_a?(PG::TRSerializationFailure)
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end
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end
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private
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def ensure_caching!
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host.enable_query_cache! unless host.query_cache_enabled
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end
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def track_connection_role(connection, role)
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@connection_db_roles[connection] = role
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@connection_db_roles_count[connection] ||= 0
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@connection_db_roles_count[connection] += 1
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end
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def untrack_connection_role(connection)
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return if connection.blank? || @connection_db_roles_count[connection].blank?
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@connection_db_roles_count[connection] -= 1
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if @connection_db_roles_count[connection] <= 0
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@connection_db_roles.delete(connection)
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@connection_db_roles_count.delete(connection)
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end
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end
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def current_host_list
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RequestStore[VALID_HOSTS_CACHE_KEY] || @host_list
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end
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end
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end
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end
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end
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