137 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
137 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Testing Standards and Style Guidelines
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This guide outlines standards and best practices for automated testing of GitLab
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CE and EE.
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It is meant to be an _extension_ of the [thoughtbot testing
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styleguide](https://github.com/thoughtbot/guides/tree/master/style/testing). If
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this guide defines a rule that contradicts the thoughtbot guide, this guide
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takes precedence. Some guidelines may be repeated verbatim to stress their
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importance.
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## Factories
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GitLab uses [factory_girl] as a test fixture replacement.
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- Factory definitions live in `spec/factories/`, named using the pluralization
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of their corresponding model (`User` factories are defined in `users.rb`).
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- There should be only one top-level factory definition per file.
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- FactoryGirl methods are mixed in to all RSpec groups. This means you can (and
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should) call `create(...)` instead of `FactoryGirl.create(...)`.
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- Make use of [traits] to clean up definitions and usages.
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- When defining a factory, don't define attributes that are not required for the
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resulting record to pass validation.
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- When instantiating from a factory, don't supply attributes that aren't
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required by the test.
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- Factories don't have to be limited to `ActiveRecord` objects.
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[See example](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/commit/0b8cefd3b2385a21cfed779bd659978c0402766d).
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[factory_girl]: https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
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[traits]: http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/factory_girl/file/GETTING_STARTED.md#Traits
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## JavaScript
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GitLab uses [Teaspoon] to run its [Jasmine] JavaScript specs. They can be run on
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the command line via `bundle exec teaspoon`, or via a web browser at
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`http://localhost:3000/teaspoon` when the Rails server is running.
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- JavaScript tests live in `spec/javascripts/`, matching the folder structure of
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`app/assets/javascripts/`: `app/assets/javascripts/behaviors/autosize.js.coffee` has a corresponding
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`spec/javascripts/behaviors/autosize_spec.js.coffee` file.
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- Haml fixtures required for JavaScript tests live in
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`spec/javascripts/fixtures`. They should contain the bare minimum amount of
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markup necessary for the test.
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> **Warning:** Keep in mind that a Rails view may change and
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invalidate your test, but everything will still pass because your fixture
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doesn't reflect the latest view.
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- Keep in mind that in a CI environment, these tests are run in a headless
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browser and you will not have access to certain APIs, such as
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[`Notification`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/notification),
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which will have to be stubbed.
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[Teaspoon]: https://github.com/modeset/teaspoon
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[Jasmine]: https://github.com/jasmine/jasmine
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## RSpec
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### General Guidelines
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- Use a single, top-level `describe ClassName` block.
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- Use `described_class` instead of repeating the class name being described.
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- Use `.method` to describe class methods and `#method` to describe instance
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methods.
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- Use `context` to test branching logic.
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- Don't `describe` symbols (see [Gotchas](gotchas.md#dont-describe-symbols)).
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- Don't supply the `:each` argument to hooks since it's the default.
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- Prefer `not_to` to `to_not` (_this is enforced by Rubocop_).
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- Try to match the ordering of tests to the ordering within the class.
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- Try to follow the [Four-Phase Test][four-phase-test] pattern, using newlines
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to separate phases.
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[four-phase-test]: https://robots.thoughtbot.com/four-phase-test
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### `let` variables
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GitLab's RSpec suite has made extensive use of `let` variables to reduce
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duplication. However, this sometimes [comes at the cost of clarity][lets-not],
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so we need to set some guidelines for their use going forward:
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- `let` variables are preferable to instance variables. Local variables are
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preferable to `let` variables.
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- Use `let` to reduce duplication throughout an entire spec file.
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- Don't use `let` to define variables used by a single test; define them as
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local variables inside the test's `it` block.
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- Don't define a `let` variable inside the top-level `describe` block that's
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only used in a more deeply-nested `context` or `describe` block. Keep the
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definition as close as possible to where it's used.
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- Try to avoid overriding the definition of one `let` variable with another.
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- Don't define a `let` variable that's only used by the definition of another.
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Use a helper method instead.
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[lets-not]: https://robots.thoughtbot.com/lets-not
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### Test speed
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GitLab has a massive test suite that, without parallelization, can take more
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than an hour to run. It's important that we make an effort to write tests that
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are accurate and effective _as well as_ fast.
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Here are some things to keep in mind regarding test performance:
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- `double` and `spy` are faster than `FactoryGirl.build(...)`
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- `FactoryGirl.build(...)` and `.build_stubbed` are faster than `.create`.
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- Don't `create` an object when `build`, `build_stubbed`, `attributes_for`,
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`spy`, or `double` will do. Database persistence is slow!
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- Use `create(:empty_project)` instead of `create(:project)` when you don't need
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the underlying Git repository. Filesystem operations are slow!
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- Don't mark a feature as requiring JavaScript (through `@javascript` in
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Spinach or `js: true` in RSpec) unless it's _actually_ required for the test
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to be valid. Headless browser testing is slow!
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### Features / Integration
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- Feature specs live in `spec/features/` and should be named
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`ROLE_ACTION_spec.rb`, such as `user_changes_password_spec.rb`.
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- Use only one `feature` block per feature spec file.
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- Use scenario titles that describe the success and failure paths.
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- Avoid scenario titles that add no information, such as "successfully."
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- Avoid scenario titles that repeat the feature title.
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## Spinach (feature) tests
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GitLab [moved from Cucumber to Spinach](https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/pull/1426)
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for its feature/integration tests in September 2012.
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As of March 2016, we are [trying to avoid adding new Spinach
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tests](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/14121) going forward,
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opting for [RSpec feature](#features-integration) specs.
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Adding new Spinach scenarios is acceptable _only if_ the new scenario requires
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no more than one new `step` definition. If more than that is required, the
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test should be re-implemented using RSpec instead.
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---
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[Return to Development documentation](README.md)
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