--- stage: Deploy group: Environments info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments description: Require approvals prior to deploying to a Protected Environment --- # Deployment approvals **(PREMIUM)** > - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/343864) in GitLab 14.7 with a flag named `deployment_approvals`. Disabled by default. > - [Feature flag removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/347342) in GitLab 14.8. It may be useful to require additional approvals before deploying to certain protected environments (for example, production). This pre-deployment approval requirement is useful to accommodate testing, security, or compliance processes that must happen before each deployment. When a protected environment requires one or more approvals, all deployments to that environment become blocked and wait for the required approvals from the `Allowed to Deploy` list before running. NOTE: See the [epic](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/6832) for planned features. ## Requirements - Basic knowledge of [GitLab Environments and Deployments](index.md). - Basic knowledge of [Protected Environments](protected_environments.md). ## Configure deployment approvals for a project To configure deployment approvals for a project: 1. [Create a deployment job](#create-a-deployment-job). 1. [Require approvals for a protected environment](#require-approvals-for-a-protected-environment). ### Create a deployment job Create a deployment job in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file of the desired project. The job does **not** need to be manual (`when: manual`). Example: ```yaml stages: - deploy production: stage: deploy script: - 'echo "Deploying to ${CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME}"' environment: name: ${CI_JOB_NAME} ``` ### Require approvals for a protected environment There are two ways to configure the approval requirements: - [Unified approval setting](#unified-approval-setting) ... You can define who can execute **and** approve deployments. This is useful when there is no separation of duties between executors and approvers in your organization. - [Multiple approval rules](#multiple-approval-rules) ... You can define who can execute **or** approve deployments. This is useful when there is a separation of duties between executors and approvers in your organization. NOTE: Multiple approval rules is a more flexible option than the unified approval setting, thus both configurations shouldn't co-exist and multiple approval rules takes the precedence over the unified approval setting if it happens. #### Unified approval setting > - UI configuration [removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/378447) in GitLab > 15.11. To configure approvals for a protected environment: - Using the [REST API](../../api/protected_environments.md#protect-a-single-environment), set the `required_approval_count` field to 1 or more. After this is configured, all jobs deploying to this environment automatically go into a blocked state and wait for approvals before running. Ensure that the number of required approvals is less than the number of users allowed to deploy. Example: ```shell curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --request POST \ --data '{"name": "production", "deploy_access_levels": [{"group_id": 9899826}], "required_approval_count": 1}' \ --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: " \ "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/22034114/protected_environments" ``` NOTE: To protect, update, or unprotect an environment, you must have at least the Maintainer role. #### Multiple approval rules > - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) in GitLab 14.10 with a flag named `deployment_approval_rules`. Disabled by default. > - [Generally available](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) in GitLab 15.0. [Feature flag `deployment_approval_rules`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/345678) removed. > - UI configuration [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/378445) in GitLab 15.11. - Using the [REST API](../../api/group_protected_environments.md#protect-a-single-environment). - `deploy_access_levels` represents which entity can execute the deployment job. - `approval_rules` represents which entity can approve the deployment job. - Using the [UI](protected_environments.md#protecting-environments). - **Allowed to deploy** sets which entities can execute the deployment job. - **Approvers** sets which entities can approve the deployment job. After this is configured, all jobs deploying to this environment automatically go into a blocked state and wait for approvals before running. Ensure that the number of required approvals is less than the number of users allowed to deploy. A configuration that uses the REST API might look like: ```shell curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --request POST \ --data '{"name": "production", "deploy_access_levels": [{"group_id": 138}], "approval_rules": [{"group_id": 134}, {"group_id": 135, "required_approvals": 2}]}' \ --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: " \ "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/128/protected_environments" ``` With this setup: - The operator group (`group_id: 138`) has permission to execute the deployment jobs to the `production` environment in the organization (`group_id: 128`). - The QA tester group (`group_id: 134`) and security group (`group_id: 135`) have permission to approve the deployment jobs to the `production` environment in the organization (`group_id: 128`). - Unless two approvals from security group and one approval from QA tester group have been collected, the operator group can't execute the deployment jobs. NOTE: To protect, update, or unprotect an environment, you must have at least the Maintainer role. ### Allow self-approval **(PREMIUM)** > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/381418) in GitLab 15.8. By default, the user who triggers a deployment pipeline can't also approve the deployment job. To allow self-approval of a deployment job: 1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project. 1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > CI/CD**. 1. Expand **Protected environments**. 1. From the **Approval options**, select the **Allow pipeline triggerer to approve deployment** checkbox. When a pipeline runs, deployment jobs are automatically approved in the pipeline if the user who triggered the deployment is allowed to approve. ## Approve or reject a deployment > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/342180/) in GitLab 14.9 Using either the GitLab UI or the API, you can: - Approve a deployment to allow it to proceed. - Reject a deployment to prevent it. NOTE: GitLab administrators can approve or reject all deployments. ### Approve or reject a deployment using the UI Prerequisites: - Permission to deploy to the protected environment. To approve or reject a deployment to a protected environment using the UI: 1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project. 1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**. 1. Select the environment's name. 1. In the deployment's row, select **Approval options** (**{thumb-up}**). Before approving or rejecting the deployment, you can view the number of approvals granted and remaining, also who has approved or rejected it. 1. Optional. Add a comment which describes your reason for approving or rejecting the deployment. 1. Select **Approve** or **Reject**. ### Approve or reject a deployment using the API Prerequisites: - Permission to deploy to the protected environment. To approve or reject a deployment to a protected environment using the API, pass the required attributes. For more details, see [Approve or reject a blocked deployment](../../api/deployments.md#approve-or-reject-a-blocked-deployment). Example: ```shell curl --data "status=approved&comment=Looks good to me" \ --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: " "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/1/deployments/1/approval" ``` ### View the approval details of a deployment Prerequisites: - Permission to deploy to the protected environment. A deployment to a protected environment can only proceed after all required approvals have been granted. To view the approval details of a deployment: 1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project. 1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**. 1. Select the environment's name. 1. In the deployment's row, select **Approval options** (**{thumb-up}**). The approval status details are shown: - Eligible approvers - Number of approvals granted, and number of approvals required - Users who have granted approval - History of approvals or rejections ## How to see blocked deployments ### Using the UI 1. On the top bar, select **Main menu > Projects** and find your project. 1. On the left sidebar, select **Deployments > Environments**. 1. Select the environment being deployed to. 1. Look for the `blocked` label. ### Using the API Use the [Deployments API](../../api/deployments.md#get-a-specific-deployment) to see deployments. - The `status` field indicates if a deployment is blocked. - When the [unified approval setting](#unified-approval-setting) is configured: - The `pending_approval_count` field indicates how many approvals are remaining to run a deployment. - The `approvals` field contains the deployment's approvals. - When the [multiple approval rules](#multiple-approval-rules) is configured: - The `approval_summary` field contains the current approval status per rule. ## Related features For details about other GitLab features aimed at protecting deployments, see [safe deployments](deployment_safety.md).