/miscellaneous.md`:
```markdown
[Link to Related Page](/miscellaneous.md)
```
### Embedding metrics in GitLab Flavored Markdown
Metric charts can be embedded within GitLab Flavored Markdown. See [Embedding Metrics within GitLab flavored Markdown](../operations/metrics/embed.md#embedding-metric-charts-within-gitlab-flavored-markdown) for more details.
## Standard Markdown and extensions in GitLab
All standard Markdown formatting should work as expected within GitLab. Some standard
functionality is extended with additional features, without affecting the standard usage.
If a functionality is extended, the new option will be listed as a sub-section.
### Blockquotes
Blockquotes are useful to highlight information, such as a side-note. It's generated
by starting the lines of the blockquote with `>`:
```markdown
> Blockquotes are very handy to emulate reply text.
> This line is part of the same quote.
Quote break.
> This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let's keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can *put* **Markdown** into a blockquote.
```
> Blockquotes are very handy to emulate reply text.
> This line is part of the same quote.
Quote break.
> This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let's keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can *put* **Markdown** into a blockquote.
#### Multiline blockquote
> If this is not rendered correctly, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#multiline-blockquote).
GFM extends the standard Markdown standard by also supporting multi-line blockquotes
fenced by `>>>`:
```markdown
>>>
If you paste a message from somewhere else
that spans multiple lines,
you can quote that without having to manually prepend `>` to every line!
>>>
```
>>>
If you paste a message from somewhere else
that spans multiple lines,
you can quote that without having to manually prepend `>` to every line!
>>>
### Code spans and blocks
You can highlight anything that should be viewed as code and not simple text.
Simple inline code is highlighted with single backticks `` ` ``:
```markdown
Inline `code` has `back-ticks around` it.
```
Inline `code` has `back-ticks around` it.
---
Similarly, a whole block of code can be fenced with triple backticks (```` ``` ````),
triple tildes (`~~~`), or indented 4 or more spaces to achieve a similar effect for
a larger body of code.
````markdown
```python
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python code"
print s
```
Using 4 spaces
is like using
3-backtick fences.
````
```plaintext
~~~
Tildes are OK too.
~~~
```
The three examples above render as:
```python
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python code"
print s
```
```plaintext
Using 4 spaces
is like using
3-backtick fences.
```
```plaintext
Tildes are OK too.
```
#### Colored code and syntax highlighting
> If this is not rendered correctly, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#colored-code-and-syntax-highlighting).
GitLab uses the [Rouge Ruby library](http://rouge.jneen.net/) for more colorful syntax
highlighting in code blocks. For a list of supported languages visit the
[Rouge project wiki](https://github.com/rouge-ruby/rouge/wiki/List-of-supported-languages-and-lexers).
Syntax highlighting is only supported in code blocks, so it's not possible to highlight
code when it's inline.
Blocks of code are fenced by lines with three back-ticks (```` ``` ````) or three tildes (`~~~`), and have
the language identified at the end of the first fence:
````markdown
```javascript
var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
```
```python
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python syntax highlighting"
print s
```
```ruby
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
```
```
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "There is no highlighting for this."
But let's throw in a tag.
```
````
The four examples above render as:
```javascript
var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
```
```python
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python syntax highlighting"
print s
```
```ruby
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
```
```plaintext
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "There is no highlighting for this."
But let's throw in a tag.
```
### Emphasis
There are multiple ways to emphasize text in Markdown. You can italicize, bold, strikethrough,
as well as combine these emphasis styles together.
Examples:
```markdown
Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* or _underscores_.
Strong emphasis, aka bold, with double **asterisks** or __underscores__.
Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**.
Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~
```
Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* or _underscores_.
Strong emphasis, aka bold, with double **asterisks** or __underscores__.
Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**.
Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~
NOTE: **Note:**
Strikethrough is not part of the core Markdown standard, but is part of GFM.
#### Multiple underscores in words and mid-word emphasis
> If this is not rendered correctly, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#multiple-underscores-in-words).
It's not usually useful to italicize just _part_ of a word, especially when you're
dealing with code and names that often appear with multiple underscores. As a result,
GFM extends the standard Markdown standard by ignoring multiple underlines in words,
to allow better rendering of Markdown documents discussing code:
```markdown
perform_complicated_task
do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing
but_emphasis is_desired _here_
```
perform_complicated_task
do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing
but_emphasis is_desired _here_
---
If you wish to emphasize only a part of a word, it can still be done with asterisks:
```markdown
perform*complicated*task
do*this*and*do*that*and*another thing
```
perform*complicated*task
do*this*and*do*that*and*another thing
### Footnotes
Footnotes add a link to a note that will be rendered at the end of a Markdown file.
To make a footnote, you need both a reference tag and a separate line (anywhere in the file) with
the note content.
Regardless of the tag names, the relative order of the reference tags determines the rendered
numbering.
Reference tags can use letters and other characters. Avoid using lowercase `w` or an underscore
(`_`) in footnote tag names until [this bug](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/24423) is
resolved.
A footnote reference tag looks like this: [^1]
This reference tag is a mix of letters and numbers. [^footnote-42]
[^1]: This is the text inside a footnote.
[^footnote-42]: This is another footnote.
A footnote reference tag looks like this:[^1]
This reference tag is a mix of letters and numbers.[^footnote-42]
[^1]: This is the text inside a footnote.
[^footnote-42]: This is another footnote.
### Headers
```markdown
# H1
## H2
### H3
#### H4
##### H5
###### H6
Alternatively, for H1 and H2, an underline-ish style:
Alt-H1
======
Alt-H2
------
```
#### Header IDs and links
GFM extends the standard Markdown standard so that all Markdown-rendered headers automatically
get IDs, which can be linked to, except in comments.
On hover, a link to those IDs becomes visible to make it easier to copy the link to
the header to use it somewhere else.
The IDs are generated from the content of the header according to the following rules:
1. All text is converted to lowercase.
1. All non-word text (such as punctuation or HTML) is removed.
1. All spaces are converted to hyphens.
1. Two or more hyphens in a row are converted to one.
1. If a header with the same ID has already been generated, a unique
incrementing number is appended, starting at 1.
Example:
```markdown
# This header has spaces in it
## This header has a :thumbsup: in it
# This header has Unicode in it: 한글
## This header has spaces in it
### This header has spaces in it
## This header has 3.5 in it (and parentheses)
```
Would generate the following link IDs:
1. `this-header-has-spaces-in-it`
1. `this-header-has-a-in-it`
1. `this-header-has-unicode-in-it-한글`
1. `this-header-has-spaces-in-it-1`
1. `this-header-has-spaces-in-it-2`
1. `this-header-has-3-5-in-it-and-parentheses`
Note that the emoji processing happens before the header IDs are generated, so the
emoji is converted to an image which is then removed from the ID.
### Horizontal Rule
It's very simple to create a horizontal rule, by using three or more hyphens, asterisks,
or underscores:
```markdown
Three or more hyphens,
---
asterisks,
***
or underscores
___
```
### Images
Examples:
Inline-style (hover to see title text):
![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text")
Reference-style (hover to see title text):
![alt text1][logo]
[logo]: img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text"
Inline-style (hover to see title text):
![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text")
Reference-style (hover to see title text):
![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text")
#### Videos
> If this is not rendered correctly, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#videos).
Image tags that link to files with a video extension are automatically converted to
a video player. The valid video extensions are `.mp4`, `.m4v`, `.mov`, `.webm`, and `.ogv`:
```markdown
Here's a sample video:
![Sample Video](img/markdown_video.mp4)
```
Here's a sample video:
![Sample Video](img/markdown_video.mp4)
#### Audio
> If this is not rendered correctly, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#audio).
Similar to videos, link tags for files with an audio extension are automatically converted to
an audio player. The valid audio extensions are `.mp3`, `.oga`, `.ogg`, `.spx`, and `.wav`:
```markdown
Here's a sample audio clip:
![Sample Audio](img/markdown_audio.mp3)
```
Here's a sample audio clip:
![Sample Audio](img/markdown_audio.mp3)
### Inline HTML
> To see the Markdown rendered within HTML in the second example, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#inline-html).
You can also use raw HTML in your Markdown, and it will usually work pretty well.
See the documentation for HTML::Pipeline's [SanitizationFilter](https://github.com/jch/html-pipeline/blob/v2.12.3/lib/html/pipeline/sanitization_filter.rb#L42)
class for the list of allowed HTML tags and attributes. In addition to the default
`SanitizationFilter` allowlist, GitLab allows `span`, `abbr`, `details` and `summary` elements.
```html
- Definition list
- Is something people use sometimes.
- Markdown in HTML
- Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
```
- Definition list
- Is something people use sometimes.
- Markdown in HTML
- Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
---
It's still possible to use Markdown inside HTML tags, but only if the lines containing Markdown
are separated into their own lines:
```html
- Markdown in HTML
- Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
- Markdown in HTML
-
Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
```
- Markdown in HTML
- Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
- Markdown in HTML
-
Does not work very well. HTML tags will work, in most cases.
#### Details and summary
> To see the Markdown rendered within HTML in the second example, [view it in GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#details-and-summary).
Content can be collapsed using HTML's [``](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/details)
and [``](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/summary)
tags. This is especially useful for collapsing long logs so they take up less screen space.
```html
Click this to collapse/fold.
These details will remain hidden until expanded.
PASTE LOGS HERE
```
Click this to collapse/fold.
These details will remain hidden until expanded.
PASTE LOGS HERE
---
Markdown inside these tags is supported as well.
NOTE: **Note:**
If your Markdown isn't rendering correctly, try adding
`{::options parse_block_html="true" /}` to the top of the page, and add
`markdown="span"` to the opening summary tag like this: ``.
Remember to leave a blank line after the `
` tag and before the `
` tag,
as shown in the example:
````html
Click this to collapse/fold.
These details _will_ remain **hidden** until expanded.
```
PASTE LOGS HERE
```
````
Click this to collapse/fold.
These details will remain hidden until expanded.
PASTE LOGS HERE
### Line breaks
A line break will be inserted (a new paragraph will start) if the previous text is
ended with two newlines, like when you hit Enter twice in a row. If you only
use one newline (hit Enter once), the next sentence will be part of the
same paragraph. This is useful if you want to keep long lines from wrapping, and keep
them editable:
```markdown
Here's a line for us to start with.
This longer line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a *separate paragraph*.
This line is also a separate paragraph, but...
These lines are only separated by single newlines,
so they *do not break* and just follow the previous lines
in the *same paragraph*.
```
Here's a line for us to start with.
This longer line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a *separate paragraph*.
This line is also a separate paragraph, but...
These lines are only separated by single newlines,
so they *do not break* and just follow the previous lines
in the *same paragraph*.
#### Newlines
GFM adheres to the Markdown specification in how [paragraphs and line breaks are handled](https://spec.commonmark.org/current/).
A paragraph is one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or
more blank lines (two newlines at the end of the first paragraph), as [explained above](#line-breaks).
If you need more control over line breaks or soft returns, you can add a single line break
by ending a line with a backslash, or two or more spaces. Two newlines in a row will create a new
paragraph, with a blank line in between:
```markdown
First paragraph.
Another line in the same paragraph.
A third line in the same paragraph, but this time ending with two spaces.{space}{space}
A new line directly under the first paragraph.
Second paragraph.
Another line, this time ending with a backslash.\
A new line due to the previous backslash.
```
### Links
There are two ways to create links, inline-style and reference-style:
- This is an [inline-style link](https://www.google.com)
- This is a [link to a repository file in the same directory](index.md)
- This is a [relative link to a readme one directory higher](../README.md)
- This is a [link that also has title text](https://www.google.com "This link takes you to Google!")
Using header ID anchors:
- This links to [a section on a different Markdown page, using a "#" and the header ID](index.md#overview)
- This links to [a different section on the same page, using a "#" and the header ID](#header-ids-and-links)
Using references:
- This is a [reference-style link, see below][Arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]
- You can [use numbers for reference-style link definitions, see below][1]
- Or leave it empty and use the [link text itself][], see below.
Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.
[arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/
[1]: https://slashdot.org
[link text itself]: https://www.reddit.com
- This is an [inline-style link](https://www.google.com)
- This is a [link to a repository file in the same directory](index.md)
- This is a [relative link to a README one directory higher](../README.md)
- This is a [link that also has title text](https://www.google.com "This link takes you to Google!")
Using header ID anchors:
- This links to [a section on a different Markdown page, using a "#" and the header ID](index.md#overview)
- This links to [a different section on the same page, using a "#" and the header ID](#header-ids-and-links)
Using references:
- This is a [reference-style link, see below](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/)
- You can [use numbers for reference-style link definitions, see below](https://slashdot.org)
- Or leave it empty and use the [link text itself](https://www.reddit.com), see below.
Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.
NOTE: **Note:**
Relative links do not allow the referencing of project files in a wiki
page, or a wiki page in a project file. The reason for this is that a wiki is always
in a separate Git repository in GitLab. For example, `[I'm a reference-style link](style)`
will point the link to `wikis/style` only when the link is inside of a wiki Markdown file.
#### URL auto-linking
GFM will auto-link almost any URL you put into your text:
```markdown
- https://www.google.com
- https://www.google.com
- ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
- smb://foo/bar/baz
- irc://irc.freenode.net/
- http://localhost:3000
```
-
-
-
-
-
-
### Lists
Ordered and unordered lists can be created.
For an ordered list, add the number you want the list
to start with, like `1.`, followed by a space, at the start of each line for ordered lists.
After the first number, it does not matter what number you use, ordered lists will be
numbered automatically by vertical order, so repeating `1.` for all items in the
same list is common. If you start with a number other than `1.`, it will use that as the first
number, and count up from there.
Examples:
```markdown
1. First ordered list item
2. Another item
- Unordered sub-list.
1. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number
1. Ordered sub-list
1. Next ordered sub-list item
4. And another item.
```
1. First ordered list item
1. Another item
- Unordered sub-list.
1. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number
1. Ordered sub-list
1. Next ordered sub-list item
1. And another item.
For an unordered list, add a `-`, `*` or `+`, followed by a space, at the start of
each line for unordered lists, but you should not use a mix of them.
```markdown
Unordered lists can:
- use
- minuses
They can also:
* use
* asterisks
They can even:
+ use
+ pluses
```
Unordered lists can:
- use
- minuses
They can also:
- use
- asterisks
They can even:
- use
- pluses
---
If a list item contains multiple paragraphs, each subsequent paragraph should be indented
to the same level as the start of the list item text.
Example:
```markdown
1. First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
1. Another item
```
1. First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
1. Another item
---
If the paragraph of the first item is not indented with the proper number of spaces,
the paragraph will appear outside the list, instead of properly indented under the list item.
Example:
```markdown
1. First ordered list item
Paragraph of first item.
1. Another item
```
1. First ordered list item
Paragraph of first item.
1. Another item
### Superscripts / Subscripts
Currently, CommonMark and GFM don't support the superscript syntax ( `x^2` ) that
Redcarpet does. You can use the standard HTML syntax for superscripts and subscripts:
```html
The formula for water is H2O
while the equation for the theory of relativity is E = mc2.
```
The formula for water is H2O
while the equation for the theory of relativity is E = mc2.
### Tables
Tables are not part of the core Markdown spec, but they are part of GFM.
1. The first line contains the headers, separated by "pipes" (`|`).
1. The second line separates the headers from the cells, and must contain three or more dashes.
1. The third, and any following lines, contain the cell values.
- You **can't** have cells separated over many lines in the Markdown, they must be kept to single lines,
but they can be very long. You can also include HTML `
` tags to force newlines if needed.
- The cell sizes **don't** have to match each other. They are flexible, but must be separated
by pipes (`|`).
- You **can** have blank cells.
Example:
```markdown
| header 1 | header 2 | header 3 |
| --- | ------ |---------:|
| cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
| cell 4 | cell 5 is longer | cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's ok. It will eventually wrap the text when the cell is too large for the display size. |
| cell 7 | | cell
9 |
```
| header 1 | header 2 | header 3 |
| --- | ------ |---------:|
| cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
| cell 4 | cell 5 is longer | cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's okay. It will eventually wrap the text when the cell is too large for the display size. |
| cell 7 | | cell
9 |
Additionally, you can choose the alignment of text within columns by adding colons (`:`)
to the sides of the "dash" lines in the second row. This will affect every cell in the column.
NOTE: **Note:**
[Within GitLab itself](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/doc/user/markdown.md#tables),
the headers are always left-aligned in Chrome and Firefox, and centered in Safari.
```markdown
| Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned | Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned |
| :--- | :---: | ---: | :----------- | :------: | ------------: |
| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | Cell 5 | Cell 6 |
| Cell 7 | Cell 8 | Cell 9 | Cell 10 | Cell 11 | Cell 12 |
```
| Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned | Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned |
| :--- | :---: | ---: | :----------- | :------: | ------------: |
| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | Cell 5 | Cell 6 |
| Cell 7 | Cell 8 | Cell 9 | Cell 10 | Cell 11 | Cell 12 |
#### Copy from spreadsheet and paste in Markdown
[Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/27205) in GitLab 12.7.
If you're working in spreadsheet software (for example, Microsoft Excel, Google
Sheets, or Apple Numbers), you can copy from a spreadsheet, and GitLab will
paste it as a Markdown table. For example, suppose you have the
following spreadsheet:
![Copy from spreadsheet](img/markdown_copy_from_spreadsheet_v12_7.png)
Select the cells and copy them to your clipboard. Open a GitLab Markdown
entry and paste the spreadsheet:
![Paste to Markdown table](img/markdown_paste_table_v12_7.png)
## References
- This document leveraged heavily from the [Markdown-Cheatsheet](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet).
- The original [Markdown Syntax Guide](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax)
at Daring Fireball is an excellent resource for a detailed explanation of standard Markdown.
- The detailed specification for CommonMark can be found in the [CommonMark Spec](https://spec.commonmark.org/current/)
- The [CommonMark Dingus](http://try.commonmark.org) is a handy tool for testing CommonMark syntax.