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# Pry debugging

## Invoking pry debugging

To invoke the debugger, place `binding.pry` somewhere in your
code. When the Ruby interpreter hits that code, execution stops,
and you can type in commands to debug the state of the program

## `byebug` vs `binding.pry`

`byebug` has a very similar interface as `gdb`, but `byebug` does not
use the powerful Pry REPL.

`binding.pry` uses Pry, but lacks some of the `byebug`
features. GitLab uses the [`pry-byebug`](https://github.com/deivid-rodriguez/pry-byebug)
gem. This gem brings some capabilities `byebug` to `binding.pry`, so
using that gives you the most debugging powers.

## `byebug`

Check out [the docs](https://github.com/deivid-rodriguez/byebug) for the full list of commands.

You can start the Pry REPL with the `pry` command.

## `pry`

There are **a lot** of features present in `pry`, too much to cover in
this document, so for the full documentation head over to the [Pry wiki](https://github.com/pry/pry/wiki).

Below are a few features definitely worth checking out, also run
`help` in a pry session to see what else you can do.

### State navigation

With the [state navigation](https://github.com/pry/pry/wiki/State-navigation)
you can move around in the code to discover methods and such:

```ruby
# Change context
[1] pry(main)> cd Pry
[2] pry(Pry):1>

# Print methods
[2] pry(Pry):1> ls -m

# Find a method
[3] pry(Pry):1> find-method to_yaml
```

### Source browsing

You [look at the source code](https://github.com/pry/pry/wiki/Source-browsing)
from your `pry` session:

```ruby
[1] pry(main)> $ Array#first
# The above is equivalent to
[2] pry(main)> cd Array
[3] pry(Array):1> show-source first
```

`$` is an alias for `show-source`.

### Documentation browsing

Similar to source browsing, is [Documentation browsing](https://github.com/pry/pry/wiki/Documentation-browsing).

```ruby
[1] pry(main)> show-doc Array#first
```

`?` is an alias for `show-doc`.

### Command history

With **Ctrl+R** you can search your [command history](https://github.com/pry/pry/wiki/History).

## Stepping

To step through the code, you can use the following commands:

- `break`: Manage breakpoints.
- `step`: Step execution into the next line or method. Takes an
  optional numeric argument to step multiple times.
- `next`: Step over to the next line within the same frame. Also takes
  an optional numeric argument to step multiple lines.
- `finish`: Execute until current stack frame returns.
- `continue`: Continue program execution and end the Pry session.

## Callstack navigation

You also can move around in the callstack with these commands:

- `backtrace`: Shows the current stack. You can use the numbers on the
  left side with the frame command to navigate the stack.
- `up`: Moves the stack frame up. Takes an optional numeric argument
  to move multiple frames.
- `down`: Moves the stack frame down. Takes an optional numeric
  argument to move multiple frames.
- `frame <n>`: Moves to a specific frame. Called without arguments
  displays the current frame.

## Short commands

When you use `binding.pry` instead of `byebug`, the short commands
like `s`, `n`, `f`, and `c` do not work. To reinstall them, add this
to `~/.pryrc`:

```ruby
if defined?(PryByebug)
  Pry.commands.alias_command 's', 'step'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'n', 'next'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'f', 'finish'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'c', 'continue'
end
```

## Repeat last command

You can repeat the last command by just hitting the <kbd>Enter</kbd>
key (e.g., with `step` or`next`), if you place the following snippet
in your `~/.pryrc`:

```ruby
Pry::Commands.command /^$/, "repeat last command" do
  _pry_.run_command Pry.history.to_a.last
end
```

`byebug` supports this out-of-the-box.