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<li><a href="#benchmark-tools">Benchmark tools</a></li>
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<li><a href="#results">Results</a>
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<li><a href="#native">Native</a></li>
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<li><a href="#browser">Browser</a></li>
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<h1>PoW performance</h1>
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<p><small>Posted September 1, 2021 by <a class="stretched-link position-relative" href="/contributors/aravinth-manivannan/">Aravinth Manivannan</a> ‐ <strong>2 min read</strong></small><p>
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<p><small>Last Edited February 13, 2023</small><p>
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</div>
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<p class="lead">We are mCaptcha. We build kickass CAPTCHA systems that give (DDoS) attackers a run for their money. And we do all of this without tracking your users. Oh and did I mention our UX is great?</p>
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<p>mCaptcha uses a
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work">proof-of-work(PoW)</a> mechanism
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to rate limit users or potential bots. In order for this to be
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effective, the PoW should be configured properly. The difficulty
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requirement can’t be too high, as it could cause accessibility issues on
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the client-side while at the same time, it shouldn’t be too low, as it
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wouldn’t offer proper protection against bots.</p>
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<p>Malicious bots(the ones that wreak havoc), run native code which is
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capable of running in a multi-threaded context. This creates an unfair
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advantage for crackers using these bots over legitimate users, who
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usually use browsers to access a website.</p>
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<p>I wanted to see how much of an advantage a native program would have
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over our WASM library.</p>
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<h2 id="benchmark-tools">Benchmark tools</h2>
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<p>So I wrote these to compare native and WASM performances:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Browser benchmark: <a href="https://mCaptcha.github.io/benches">https://mCaptcha.github.io/benches</a></li>
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<li>Native benchmark: <a href="https://github.com/mCaptcha/cli/blob/master/scripts/bench.sh">mCaptcha/cli managed by scripts/bench.sh</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="alert alert-warning d-flex" role="alert">
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<div class="flex-shrink-1 alert-icon">⭐</div>
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<div class="w-100">Feel free to reproduce the results!</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="results">Results</h2>
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<p>The tests were run on my development machine featuring an Intel Core
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i7-9750h.</p>
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<h3 id="native">Native</h3>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Difficulty</th>
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<th>Real</th>
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<th>User</th>
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<th>Sys</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>500000</td>
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<td>0m0.220s</td>
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<td>0m0.197s</td>
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<td>0m0.006s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1000000</td>
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<td>0m0.203s</td>
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<td>0m0.203s</td>
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<td>0m0.000s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1500000</td>
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<td>0m0.198s</td>
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<td>0m0.198s</td>
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<td>0m0.000s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2000000</td>
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<td>0m0.203s</td>
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<td>0m0.203s</td>
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<td>0m0.000s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2500000</td>
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<td>0m0.758s</td>
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<td>0m0.752s</td>
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<td>0m0.003s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3000000</td>
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<td>0m0.776s</td>
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<td>0m0.769s</td>
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<td>0m0.003s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3500000</td>
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<td>0m2.010s</td>
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<td>0m1.998s</td>
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<td>0m0.000s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4000000</td>
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<td>0m2.038s</td>
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<td>0m2.033s</td>
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<td>0m0.003s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4500000</td>
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<td>0m2.014s</td>
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<td>0m2.013s</td>
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<td>0m0.000s</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3 id="browser">Browser</h3>
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<p>I ran the tests on both Firefox and Chromium to compare results</p>
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<h3 id="firefox">Firefox</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>User Agent:</strong> <code>Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:91.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/91.0</code></li>
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<li><strong>Hardware concurrency:</strong> 12</li>
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</ul>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Difficulty</th>
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<th>Duration(in ms)</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>500000</td>
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<td>401</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1000000</td>
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<td>413</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1500000</td>
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<td>398</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2000000</td>
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<td>394</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2500000</td>
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<td>1495</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3000000</td>
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<td>1556</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3500000</td>
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<td>3971</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4000000</td>
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<td>4235</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4500000</td>
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<td>4116</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<blockquote>
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<p>To be fair, my Firefox installation is loaded with a gazillion
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extensions while the Chromium instance is clean, as I don’t use it
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much</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4 id="chromium">Chromium</h4>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>User Agent:</strong> <code>Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36</code></li>
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<li><strong>Hardware concurrency:</strong> 12</li>
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</ul>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Difficulty</th>
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<th>Duration(in ms)</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>500000</td>
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<td>399.40000000037253</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1000000</td>
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<td>354.6000000014901</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1500000</td>
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<td>351.19999999925494</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2000000</td>
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<td>353.80000000074506</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2500000</td>
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<td>1337.800000000745</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3000000</td>
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<td>1311.199999999255</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3500000</td>
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<td>3417.5999999996275</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4000000</td>
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<td>3488.800000000745</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>4500000</td>
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<td>3458.2999999988824</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
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<p>At the highest difficulty factor, the native implementation was a almost second
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faster than the WASM library. But the fact that both of them were able
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to run to completion in under 5 seconds is impressive!</p>
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<p>So, in my opinion, native implementation is only slightly faster than
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the WASM library and for all intents and purposes, this shouldn’t matter
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much.</p>
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<hr>
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<p>P.S Work is underway to benchmark multiple platforms. A detailed report
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will be published when that data is available.</p>
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<p>For this post, I asked some of my friends to run the tests on their
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computers. The results slightly varied but even the slowest case
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generated proof for 4500000 difficulty(the highest in this test), in under
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15 seconds!</p>
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