diff --git a/src/network/raft_network_impl.rs b/src/network/raft_network_impl.rs
index 7e7e093..f8820b6 100644
--- a/src/network/raft_network_impl.rs
+++ b/src/network/raft_network_impl.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
+use super::management::HealthStatus;
+use crate::DcacheNodeId;
+use crate::DcacheTypeConfig;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use openraft::error::InstallSnapshotError;
 use openraft::error::NetworkError;
@@ -34,17 +38,38 @@ use openraft::RaftNetworkFactory;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+use tonic::transport::channel::Channel;
+use tower_service::Service;
 
-use super::management::HealthStatus;
-use crate::DcacheNodeId;
-use crate::DcacheTypeConfig;
-
+use crate::pool::*;
 use crate::protobuf::dcache::dcache_service_client::DcacheServiceClient;
 use crate::protobuf::dcache::RaftRequest;
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ChannelManager {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ItemManager for ChannelManager {
+    type Key = String;
+    type Item = Channel;
+    type Error = tonic::transport::Error;
+
+    async fn build(&self, addr: &Self::Key) -> Result<Channel, tonic::transport::Error> {
+        println!("New connection for {addr}");
+        tonic::transport::Endpoint::new(addr.clone())?
+            .connect()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn check(&self, mut ch: Channel) -> Result<Channel, tonic::transport::Error> {
+        futures::future::poll_fn(|cx| (&mut ch).poll_ready(cx)).await?;
+        Ok(ch)
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct DcacheNetwork {
     pub signal: Sender<HealthStatus>,
+    conn_pool: Pool<ChannelManager>,
 }
 
 pub enum RPCType {
@@ -55,7 +80,13 @@ pub enum RPCType {
 
 impl DcacheNetwork {
     pub fn new(signal: Sender<HealthStatus>) -> Self {
-        Self { signal }
+        let mgr = ChannelManager {};
+
+        Self {
+            signal,
+
+            conn_pool: Pool::new(mgr, Duration::from_millis(50)),
+        }
     }
     pub async fn send_rpc<Req, Resp, Err>(
         &self,
@@ -69,11 +100,7 @@ impl DcacheNetwork {
         Err: std::error::Error + DeserializeOwned,
         Resp: DeserializeOwned,
     {
-        let addr = &target_node.addr;
-
-        let url = format!("http://{}", addr);
-
-        let mut client = DcacheServiceClient::connect(url).await.unwrap();
+        let mut client = self.make_client(&target, target_node).await;
 
         let res = match event {
             RPCType::Vote => {
@@ -117,6 +144,23 @@ impl DcacheNetwork {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub async fn make_client(
+        &self,
+        target: &DcacheNodeId,
+        target_node: &BasicNode,
+    ) -> DcacheServiceClient<Channel> {
+        let addr = format!("http://{}", &target_node.addr);
+
+        tracing::debug!("connect: target={}: {}", target, addr);
+
+        let channel = self.conn_pool.get(&addr).await.unwrap();
+        let client = DcacheServiceClient::new(channel);
+
+        tracing::info!("connected: target={}: {}", target, addr);
+
+        client
+    }
 }
 
 // NOTE: This could be implemented also on `Arc<DcacheNetwork>`, but since it's empty, implemented
diff --git a/src/pool.rs b/src/pool.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781e5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pool.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+//use log::debug;
+
+//use crate::base::tokio;
+
+pub type PoolItem<T> = Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<Option<T>>>;
+
+/// To build or check an item.
+///
+/// When an item is requested, ItemManager `build()` one for the pool.
+/// When an item is reused, ItemManager `check()` if it is still valid.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ItemManager {
+    type Key;
+    type Item;
+    type Error;
+
+    /// Make a new item to put into the pool.
+    ///
+    /// An impl should hold that an item returned by `build()` is passed `check()`.
+    async fn build(&self, key: &Self::Key) -> Result<Self::Item, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Check if an existent item still valid.
+    ///
+    /// E.g.: check if a tcp connection still alive.
+    /// If the item is valid, `check` should return it in a Ok().
+    /// Otherwise, the item should be dropped and `check` returns an Err().
+    async fn check(&self, item: Self::Item) -> Result<Self::Item, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// Pool assumes the items in it is `Clone`, thus it keeps only one item for each key.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Pool<Mgr>
+where
+    Mgr: ItemManager + Debug,
+{
+    /// The first sleep time when `build()` fails.
+    /// The next sleep time is 2 times of the previous one.
+    pub initial_retry_interval: Duration,
+
+    /// Pooled items indexed by key.
+    pub items: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<Mgr::Key, PoolItem<Mgr::Item>>>>,
+
+    manager: Mgr,
+
+    err_type: PhantomData<Mgr::Error>,
+
+    n_retries: u32,
+}
+
+impl<Mgr> Pool<Mgr>
+where
+    Mgr: ItemManager + Debug,
+    Mgr::Key: Clone + Eq + Hash + Send + Debug,
+    Mgr::Item: Clone + Sync + Send + Debug,
+    Mgr::Error: Sync + Debug,
+{
+    pub fn new(manager: Mgr, initial_retry_interval: Duration) -> Self {
+        Pool {
+            initial_retry_interval,
+            items: Default::default(),
+            manager,
+            err_type: Default::default(),
+            n_retries: 3,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_retries(mut self, retries: u32) -> Self {
+        self.n_retries = retries;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn item_manager(&self) -> &Mgr {
+        &self.manager
+    }
+
+    /// Return an raw pool item.
+    ///
+    /// The returned one may be an uninitialized one, i.e., it contains a None.
+    /// The lock for `items` should not be held for long, e.g. when `build()` a new connection, it takes dozen ms.
+    fn get_pool_item(&self, key: &Mgr::Key) -> PoolItem<Mgr::Item> {
+        let mut items = self.items.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if let Some(item) = items.get(key) {
+            item.clone()
+        } else {
+            let item = PoolItem::default();
+            items.insert(key.clone(), item.clone());
+            item
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return a item, by cloning an existent one or making a new one.
+    ///
+    /// When returning an existent one, `check()` will be called on it to ensure it is still valid.
+    /// E.g., when returning a tcp connection.
+    //    #[logcall::logcall(err = "debug")]
+    //    #[minitrace::trace]
+    pub async fn get(&self, key: &Mgr::Key) -> Result<Mgr::Item, Mgr::Error> {
+        let pool_item = self.get_pool_item(key);
+
+        let mut guard = pool_item.lock().await;
+        let item_opt = (*guard).clone();
+
+        if let Some(ref item) = item_opt {
+            let check_res = self.manager.check(item.clone()).await;
+            //          debug!("check reused item res: {:?}", check_res);
+
+            if let Ok(itm) = check_res {
+                return Ok(itm);
+            } else {
+                // mark broken conn as deleted
+                *guard = None;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut interval = self.initial_retry_interval;
+
+        for i in 0..self.n_retries {
+            //           debug!("build new item of key: {:?}", key);
+
+            let new_item = self.manager.build(key).await;
+
+            //            debug!("build new item of key res: {:?}", new_item);
+
+            match new_item {
+                Ok(x) => {
+                    *guard = Some(x.clone());
+                    return Ok(x);
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    if i == self.n_retries - 1 {
+                        return Err(err);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            sleep(interval).await;
+            interval *= 2;
+        }
+
+        unreachable!("the loop should always return!");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/protobuf.rs b/src/protobuf.rs
index f049b6f..3a93a4f 100644
--- a/src/protobuf.rs
+++ b/src/protobuf.rs
@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@ impl DcacheService for MyDcacheImpl {
                             _ => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
-
                 }
                 PipelineReq::RenameCaptcha(rename_captcha_req) => {
                     let res = self