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pipeline:
build:
image: python
when:
event: [ push, pull_request, tag, deployment ]
commands:
- make env
- make
- make ci-deploy
secrets: [ GITEA_WRITE_DEPLOY_KEY, LIBREPAGES_DEPLOY_SECRET ]

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<!doctype html>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
<h1>404 Not Found</h1>

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### GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 19 November 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
### Preamble
The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains
free software for all its users.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
Developers that use our General Public Licenses protect your rights
with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer
you this License which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
and/or modify the software.
A secondary benefit of defending all users' freedom is that
improvements made in alternate versions of the program, if they
receive widespread use, become available for other developers to
incorporate. Many developers of free software are heartened and
encouraged by the resulting cooperation. However, in the case of
software used on network servers, this result may fail to come about.
The GNU General Public License permits making a modified version and
letting the public access it on a server without ever releasing its
source code to the public.
The GNU Affero General Public License is designed specifically to
ensure that, in such cases, the modified source code becomes available
to the community. It requires the operator of a network server to
provide the source code of the modified version running there to the
users of that server. Therefore, public use of a modified version, on
a publicly accessible server, gives the public access to the source
code of the modified version.
An older license, called the Affero General Public License and
published by Affero, was designed to accomplish similar goals. This is
a different license, not a version of the Affero GPL, but Affero has
released a new version of the Affero GPL which permits relicensing
under this license.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
### TERMS AND CONDITIONS
#### 0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public
License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
of works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of
the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to
the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
#### 1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of
a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
work.
#### 2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for
you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes
it unnecessary.
#### 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid
circumvention of technological measures.
#### 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
#### 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
- a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
- b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under
section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4
to "keep intact all notices".
- c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
- d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
#### 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
ways:
- a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
- b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding
Source from a network server at no charge.
- c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
- d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
- e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission,
provided you inform other peers where the object code and
Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general
public at no charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user,
"normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of
product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of
whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The
information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
solely because modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification
itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
#### 7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
- a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
- b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
- c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material,
or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
- d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors
or authors of the material; or
- e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
- f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions
of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient,
for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly
impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
above requirements apply either way.
#### 8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
#### 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
#### 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
#### 11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
#### 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to
terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
from conveying the Program.
#### 13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your
version supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the
Corresponding Source of your version by providing access to the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge, through some
standard or customary means of facilitating copying of software. This
Corresponding Source shall include the Corresponding Source for any
work covered by version 3 of the GNU General Public License that is
incorporated pursuant to the following paragraph.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
3 of the GNU General Public License.
#### 14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
#### 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
#### 16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
#### 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
### How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.
If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its
interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different
solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for
the specific requirements.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow
the GNU AGPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

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default: ## Build the website
./scripts/spellcheck.sh --check
./scripts/zola.sh build
clean: ## Clean build assets
./scripts/zola.sh clean
ci-deploy: ## Deploy from CI/CD. Only call from within CI
@if [ "${CI}" != "woodpecker" ]; \
then echo "Only call from within CI. Will re-write your local Git configuration. To override, set export CI=woodpecker"; \
exit 1; \
fi
git config --global user.email "${CI_COMMIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL}"
git config --global user.name "${CI_COMMIT_AUTHOR}"
./scripts/zola.sh deploy librepages public "${CI_COMMIT_AUTHOR} <${CI_COMMIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL}>"
./scripts/ci.sh --init "$$GITEA_WRITE_DEPLOY_KEY"
./scripts/ci.sh --deploy ${LIBREPAGES_DEPLOY_SECRET} librepages
./scripts/ci.sh --clean
env: ## Download build dependencies and setup dev environment
./scripts/zola.sh install
help: ## Prints help for targets with comments
@cat $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | grep -E '^[a-zA-Z_-]+:.*?## .*$$' | awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
serve: ## Serve website during development
./scripts/zola.sh zola -- serve

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
[![status-badge](https://ci.batsense.net/api/badges/LibrePages/website/status.svg)](https://ci.batsense.net/LibrePages/website)

295
about/index.html Normal file
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest" />
<link rel="me" href="https://gts.batsense.net.net/@librepages" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://librepages.org/main.css" />
<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="screen and (max-width: 1300px)"
href="https://librepages.org/mobile.css"
/>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://librepages.org/main.css" />
<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="screen and (max-width: 1300px)"
href="https://librepages.org/mobile.css"
/>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>About | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed</title>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="description" content="About" />
<meta property="og:title" content="About | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;librepages.org" />
<meta property="og:description" content="About" />
<meta
property="og:site_name"
content="About | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="57x57"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-57x57.png?h=aa7556c6917e2715fc5cd91b0f71abf54c25fb3f4596b83938485bd339b3ee5c"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="60x60"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-60x60.png?h=3c65021633e27b12573a4d95ee104960edeeb8448d016cc4a3a8c009956f455b"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="72x72"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-72x72.png?h=7e6ea650d40b0c229eb8991d4bdaaeaf3a4fdc37b4c91c7e0f6705f4ccbd4823"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="76x76"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-76x76.png?h=14cc3b66876cc79fe49f4bdf43cfa342dd12249fb32ebb4bf5895cac9fd2eaba"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="114x114"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-114x114.png?h=a7e320f87a86aa0e037e78635c5f5042e02bf3adaf5c7a3163a108b004f1874e"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="120x120"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-120x120.png?h=0555c76525ad4b8e974217be648c2691643b0ae09c1447bee571bdf51d324e5a"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="144x144"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-144x144.png?h=3c6dcd632f3eca17cf7cc6153e9b372183518168754e2d8adb6bc549cfc89694"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="152x152"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-152x152.png?h=0de6ee6daa86c4800faa71c0ba940a749b025c83f1150b19f7817bac9558344e"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="180x180"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-180x180.png?h=4015bdb0896669f24d0be4e93fc9625c771a746060906dd94ed07ed2b3a88ede"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="192x192"
href="https://librepages.org/android-icon-192x192.png?h=4065738be7277800667ab5dab97c610d8b76f7c9d7835266ecf440a1336b179a"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="32x32"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-32x32.png?h=19f5fc89580c10a37da127a18cb6d18427f8604617fe3c1d163a5528c4832094"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="96x96"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-96x96.png?h=f1dbc55e44179d839832093c008b0bedea79c3b21b1af68adb6d70c3e21227f5"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="16x16"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-16x16.png?h=a7056d65f8aa73fbaf9e97dcd2e685ac67489a76c0b8e715936970b118d74700"
/>
<link
rel="manifest"
href="https://librepages.org/manifest.json?h=27eca3e8297eb7ff340deb3849b210185a459b3845456aa4d0036f6d966b3518"
/>
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" />
<meta
name="msapplication-TileImage"
content="https://librepages.org/ms-icon-144x144.png?h=3c6dcd632f3eca17cf7cc6153e9b372183518168754e2d8adb6bc549cfc89694"
/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
</head>
<!-- Matomo -->
<script>
var _paq = (window._paq = window._paq || []);
/* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */
_paq.push(["setCookieDomain", "*.librepages.org"]);
_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);
_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);
(function () {
var u = "//matomo.librepages.org/";
_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u + "matomo.php"]);
_paq.push(["setSiteId", "3"]);
var d = document,
g = d.createElement("script"),
s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
g.async = true;
g.src = u + "matomo.js";
s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);
})();
</script>
<noscript
><p>
<img
src="//matomo.librepages.org/matomo.php?idsite=3&amp;rec=1"
style="border: 0"
alt=""
/></p
></noscript>
<!-- End Matomo Code -->
</head>
<body class="base">
<div id="check-icon" data-check="https://librepages.org/icons/check.svg?h=376636abc0ddb30b4748ab5d4416d64ec96862f6c4acf04ef3bf9a7f8f323238"></div>
<div id="clipboard-icon" data-clipboard="https://librepages.org/icons/clipboard.svg?h=202bedb305272a2e2a87ca77aae6e8c61403fc33fb8d8b3cda98df7226ddba84"></div>
<header><nav class="nav__container">
<input type="checkbox" class="nav__toggle" id="nav__toggle" />
<div class="nav__header">
<a class="nav__logo-container" href="/">
<p class="nav__home-btn">LibrePages</p>
</a>
<label class="nav__hamburger-menu" for="nav__toggle">
<span class="nav__hamburger-inner"></span>
</label>
</div>
<div class="nav__spacer--small"></div>
<div class="nav__link-group">
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="&#x2F;about&#x2F;">About</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="&#x2F;blog&#x2F;">Blog</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;matrix.to&#x2F;#&#x2F;#librepages:matrix.batsense.net">Chat</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;docs.librepages.org">Docs</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;gts.batsense.net&#x2F;@librepages">Fediverse</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;git.batsense.net&#x2F;LibrePages">Source Code</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav__spacer"></div>
<div class="nav__link-group--small">
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;demo.librepages.org&#x2F;">Demo</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- See ../sass/main.scss. Required for pushing footer to the very
bottom of the page -->
<div class="main__content-container">
<main>
<div class="page__container">
<h1 class="page__group-title">About</h1>
<div class="page__group-content">
<p>LibrePages is the easiest way to manage static-sites with 100% Free
Software. It is self-ho stable but also comes with a global CDN, also
built with Free Software.</p>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<footer>
<div class="footer__container">
<!-- <div class="footer__column"> --->
<p class="footer__column license__conatiner">
All text <a
class="license__link"
rel="noreferrer"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
target="_blank"
>&nbsp;CC-BY-SA&nbsp;</a
>
&amp; code
<a
class="license__link"
rel="noreferrer"
href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html"
target="_blank"
>&nbsp;AGPL&nbsp;</a
>
</p>
<!-- </div> -->
<div class="footer__column--center">
<a href="/blog/atom.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="RSS">
<img
src="https://librepages.org/icons/rss.svg?h=f6cd584bdbcd2eb4d1b8b84c9cf083ef45f772167c33fdcee754b35ae8ff4c7d"
class="footer__icon"
alt="Email icon"
/>
</a>
</div>
<div class="footer__column">
<a href="/about" title="About">About</a>
<a href="/coc" title="Code of Conduct">CoC</a>
<span class="footer__column-divider--mobile-only">|</span>
<a href="/legalese" title="Legalese">Legalese</a>
<a href="/privacy-policy" title="Privacy Policy">Privacy</a>
<span class="footer__column-divider--mobile-only">|</span>
<a
href="https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages"
rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank"
title="Status"
>Source Code</a
>
<!--
<a href="/tos" title="Terms of Service">ToS</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest" />
<link rel="me" href="https://gts.batsense.net.net/@librepages" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://librepages.org/main.css" />
<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="screen and (max-width: 1300px)"
href="https://librepages.org/mobile.css"
/>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://librepages.org/main.css" />
<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="screen and (max-width: 1300px)"
href="https://librepages.org/mobile.css"
/>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed</title>
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="description" content="Automation services like LibrePages exist to make lives easier but how do you do the same manually, on self-hosted hardware, or in the cloud?" />
<meta property="og:title" content="How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;librepages.org" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Automation services like LibrePages exist to make lives easier but how do you do the same manually, on self-hosted hardware, or in the cloud?" />
<meta
property="og:site_name"
content="How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages | LibrePages: JAMstack platform with focus on privacy and speed"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="57x57"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-57x57.png?h=aa7556c6917e2715fc5cd91b0f71abf54c25fb3f4596b83938485bd339b3ee5c"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="60x60"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-60x60.png?h=3c65021633e27b12573a4d95ee104960edeeb8448d016cc4a3a8c009956f455b"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="72x72"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-72x72.png?h=7e6ea650d40b0c229eb8991d4bdaaeaf3a4fdc37b4c91c7e0f6705f4ccbd4823"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="76x76"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-76x76.png?h=14cc3b66876cc79fe49f4bdf43cfa342dd12249fb32ebb4bf5895cac9fd2eaba"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="114x114"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-114x114.png?h=a7e320f87a86aa0e037e78635c5f5042e02bf3adaf5c7a3163a108b004f1874e"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="120x120"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-120x120.png?h=0555c76525ad4b8e974217be648c2691643b0ae09c1447bee571bdf51d324e5a"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="144x144"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-144x144.png?h=3c6dcd632f3eca17cf7cc6153e9b372183518168754e2d8adb6bc549cfc89694"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="152x152"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-152x152.png?h=0de6ee6daa86c4800faa71c0ba940a749b025c83f1150b19f7817bac9558344e"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
sizes="180x180"
href="https://librepages.org/apple-icon-180x180.png?h=4015bdb0896669f24d0be4e93fc9625c771a746060906dd94ed07ed2b3a88ede"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="192x192"
href="https://librepages.org/android-icon-192x192.png?h=4065738be7277800667ab5dab97c610d8b76f7c9d7835266ecf440a1336b179a"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="32x32"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-32x32.png?h=19f5fc89580c10a37da127a18cb6d18427f8604617fe3c1d163a5528c4832094"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="96x96"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-96x96.png?h=f1dbc55e44179d839832093c008b0bedea79c3b21b1af68adb6d70c3e21227f5"
/>
<link
rel="icon"
type="image/png"
sizes="16x16"
href="https://librepages.org/favicon-16x16.png?h=a7056d65f8aa73fbaf9e97dcd2e685ac67489a76c0b8e715936970b118d74700"
/>
<link
rel="manifest"
href="https://librepages.org/manifest.json?h=27eca3e8297eb7ff340deb3849b210185a459b3845456aa4d0036f6d966b3518"
/>
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" />
<meta
name="msapplication-TileImage"
content="https://librepages.org/ms-icon-144x144.png?h=3c6dcd632f3eca17cf7cc6153e9b372183518168754e2d8adb6bc549cfc89694"
/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
</head>
<!-- Matomo -->
<script>
var _paq = (window._paq = window._paq || []);
/* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */
_paq.push(["setCookieDomain", "*.librepages.org"]);
_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);
_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);
(function () {
var u = "//matomo.librepages.org/";
_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u + "matomo.php"]);
_paq.push(["setSiteId", "3"]);
var d = document,
g = d.createElement("script"),
s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
g.async = true;
g.src = u + "matomo.js";
s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);
})();
</script>
<noscript
><p>
<img
src="//matomo.librepages.org/matomo.php?idsite=3&amp;rec=1"
style="border: 0"
alt=""
/></p
></noscript>
<!-- End Matomo Code -->
</head>
<body class="base">
<div id="check-icon" data-check="https://librepages.org/icons/check.svg?h=376636abc0ddb30b4748ab5d4416d64ec96862f6c4acf04ef3bf9a7f8f323238"></div>
<div id="clipboard-icon" data-clipboard="https://librepages.org/icons/clipboard.svg?h=202bedb305272a2e2a87ca77aae6e8c61403fc33fb8d8b3cda98df7226ddba84"></div>
<header><nav class="nav__container">
<input type="checkbox" class="nav__toggle" id="nav__toggle" />
<div class="nav__header">
<a class="nav__logo-container" href="/">
<p class="nav__home-btn">LibrePages</p>
</a>
<label class="nav__hamburger-menu" for="nav__toggle">
<span class="nav__hamburger-inner"></span>
</label>
</div>
<div class="nav__spacer--small"></div>
<div class="nav__link-group">
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="&#x2F;about&#x2F;">About</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="&#x2F;blog&#x2F;">Blog</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;matrix.to&#x2F;#&#x2F;#librepages:matrix.batsense.net">Chat</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;docs.librepages.org">Docs</a>
</div>
<div class="nav__link-container">
<a class="nav__link" rel="noreferrer" href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;gts.batsense.net&#x2F;@librepages">Fediverse</a>
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<h1 class="page__group-title">How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages</h1>
<p class="blog__post-meta">
<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;batsense.net" class="post__author">Aravinth Manivannan</a>
&middot; 10
September
,
2022 &middot; <b>9 min read</b>
</p>
<div class="blog__content">
<aside class="toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-setup-debian-gnu-linux">1. Setup Debian GNU&#x2F;Linux</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges">1.1) Give your account sudo privileges</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw">1.2) Install and setup firewall(ufw)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-secure-ssh">1.3) Secure SSH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-1-generate-key-pair">1.3.1) Generate key pair</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication">1.3.2) Setup public-key authentication</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication">1.3.3) Disable SSH password authentication</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban">1.3) Install and setup fail2ban</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-1-install-fail2ban">1.3.1) Install fail2ban</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd">1.3.2) Enable fail2ban for sshd</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot">1.3.3) Configure fail2ban to start on boot</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-4-install-and-setup-nginx">1.4) Install and setup nginx</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-4-1-install-nginx">1.4.1) Install nginx:</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443">1.4.2) Allow web traffic: open ports 80 and 443</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot">1.4.2) Configure nginx to start on boot</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-deploy-website">2) Deploy website</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server">2.1) Install the webpage on the server</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain">2.2) Serve webpage on a custom domain</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already">2.2.1) Buy a domain if you don&#x27;t own one already</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record">2.2.2) Go to the domain&#x27;s DNS dashboard and add the following record</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain">2.2.3) Setup nginx to serve the website at http:&#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;your-domain&gt;</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https">2.3) Install certbot to set up HTTPS</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-3-1-install-certbot">2.3.1) Install certbot</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain">2.3.2) Get a certificate for &lt;your-domain&gt;</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/#2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals">2.3.3) Setup cronjob to automate SSL certificate renewals</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
<p>In this <del>blog post</del> tutorial, I'll show you how to deploy a personal
website. LibrePages automates everything that is discussed in this
tutorial and lets you focus on creating content. Automation is good
but knowing how to do it manually using industry standard
technologies always helps!</p>
<p>We will be using the following technologies to deploy our website:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://debian.org">GNU/Linux server(Debian)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nginx.com/">Nginx</a> (webs server)</li>
<li><a href="https://letsencrypt.org/">Let's Encrypt</a> (for HTTPS)</li>
</ol>
<p>Let's get started!</p>
<h2 id="1-setup-debian-gnu-linux">1. Setup Debian GNU/Linux<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-setup-debian-gnu-linux" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-setup-debian-gnu-linux"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>We are going to start with a fresh GNU/Linux installation, you could get
one from a cloud provider like <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com">Digital
Ocean</a> (not affiliated).</p>
<h3 id="1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges">1.1) Give your account <code>sudo</code> privileges<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>On GNU/Linux systems, the <code>root</code> account is the most powerful user account.
It is good practice to avoid working as <code>root</code> since a careless mistake
could wipe the entire system out.</p>
<p><code>sudo</code> give the ability to execute commands with <code>root</code> capabilities
from a lower-privileged account. Let's make our account sudo capable:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">su </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># become root
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#65737e;"># add `realaravinth`, my account` to `sudo` group to be able to use `sudo`
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">usermod -aG</span><span> sudo realaravinth </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># my account is called `realaravinth`, replace it with yours
</span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">exit
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> exit
</span></code></pre>
<p>Log out and log back in.</p>
<h3 id="1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw">1.2) Install and setup firewall(<code>ufw</code>)<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p><a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall">Uncomplicated
Firewall(<code>ufw</code>)</a> is a
popular firewall that is easy to set up and maintain. For most
installations, this should be enough. System administrators use
firewalls to open only the ports that they think should receive traffic
from external networks. Without it, all ports will be open, causing a
security nightmare.</p>
<p>We will require standard SSH (22), and the standard web ports (80 and
443). A comprehensive list of services and the list of ports the listen
on is available at <code>/etc/services</code>.</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo apt update &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">apt</span><span> upgrade </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># update system
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo apt install ufw </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># we are using `ufw` for the firewall
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo ufw allow ssh </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># allow SSH traffic on port 22, required to log into the server
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo ufw enable </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># deploy firewall
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-3-secure-ssh">1.3) Secure SSH<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-secure-ssh" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-secure-ssh"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>SSH allows remote access to our servers over secure, encrypted channels.
By default, users can log in with their password using SSH. But password
authentication <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/OpenSSH#Protecting_against_brute_force_attacks">is susceptible to brute force
attacks</a>,
so we should <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/OpenSSH#Force_public_key_authentication">disable password logins on our server and only allow
public-key authentication
only</a>.</p>
<h3 id="1-3-1-generate-key-pair">1.3.1) Generate key pair<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-1-generate-key-pair" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-1-generate-key-pair"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>On your local computer, generate an SSH key pair:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> ssh-keygen
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Generating</span><span> public/private rsa key pair.
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Enter</span><span> file in which to save the key (/home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa)</span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">:
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Enter</span><span> passphrase (empty for no passphrase)</span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">:
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Enter</span><span> same passphrase again:
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Your</span><span> identification has been saved in /home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Your</span><span> public key has been saved in /home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">The</span><span> key fingerprint is:
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">SHA256:i2DE1b9BQb9DqV0r6O9MfPeVqUwfww1/T8wIXL2Xqdo</span><span> realaravinth@myserver.com
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">The</span><span> key&#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">s random art image is:
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">+---[RSA 3072]----+
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| .. .o. |
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| . . . .. . . |
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| o o + o .|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| . o* + .+|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| o S ooB o+.|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| . . . o.. +o*=|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| . . . ooo*X|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| +=.ooB|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">| o+E .o|
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">+----[SHA256]-----+
</span></code></pre>
<p>Set a strong password the program prompts for one and save it somewhere
safe. Your public key will be at <code>~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> and your private key at
<code>~/.ssh/id_rsa</code>. <strong>Never share the private key with anyone</strong>.</p>
<h3 id="1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication">1.3.2) Setup public-key authentication<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>We have to copy the public key that we generated in the previous setup
onto our server:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -i ~</span><span>/.ssh/id_rsa.pub myserver.com
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id:</span><span> INFO: Source of key(s) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">to</span><span> be installed: &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</span><span>&quot;
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id:</span><span> INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s)</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">,</span><span> to filter out any that are already installed
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id:</span><span> INFO: 1 key(s) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">remain</span><span> to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">realaravinth@myserver.com</span><span>&#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">s password:
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Number of key(s) added: 1
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Now try logging into the machine, with: &quot;ssh </span><span>&#39;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">myserver.com</span><span>&#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication">1.3.3) Disable SSH password authentication<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE: Verify you can log into your account before proceeding</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Now that we have a private-key authentication setup on both the client and
the server, let's disable password authentication on the server:</p>
<p>Open <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> and add the following lines:</p>
<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>PubkeyAuthentication yes
</span><span>PasswordAuthentication no
</span></code></pre>
<p>And restart the SSH server:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo systemctl restart sshd
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban">1.3) Install and setup <code>fail2ban</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>We will be using
<a href="https://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page"><code>fail2ban</code></a> for
intrusion prevention by blacklisting entities (users, bots, etc.) based
on failed login attempts.</p>
<h4 id="1-3-1-install-fail2ban">1.3.1) Install <code>fail2ban</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-1-install-fail2ban" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-1-install-fail2ban"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo apt install fail2ban
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd">1.3.2) Enable <code>fail2ban</code> for <code>sshd</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<p>Open <code>fail2ban</code> configuration at <code>/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf</code> and add the following lines:</p>
<pre data-lang="yml" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-yml "><code class="language-yml" data-lang="yml"><span>[</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">sshd</span><span>]
</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">enabled = true
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot">1.3.3) Configure <code>fail2ban</code> to start on boot<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo systemctl start fail2ban
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-4-install-and-setup-nginx">1.4) Install and setup <code>nginx</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-4-install-and-setup-nginx" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-4-install-and-setup-nginx"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p><code>nginx</code> is a popular web server that can be used to serve static sites.
It is fast, stable, and easy to set up.</p>
<p>To install, run the following command:</p>
<h4 id="1-4-1-install-nginx">1.4.1) Install <code>nginx</code>:<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-4-1-install-nginx" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-4-1-install-nginx"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo apt install nginx
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443">1.4.2) Allow web traffic: open ports <code>80</code> and <code>443</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<p>Ports <code>80</code> is the default for HTTP and <code>443</code> for HTTPS. To serve
web traffic, we'll have to Configure <code>ufw</code> to accept traffic on them:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo ufw allow 80 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># open ports 80 HTTP traffic
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo ufw allow 443 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># open ports 443 for HTTPS traffic
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot">1.4.2) Configure <code>nginx</code> to start on boot<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo systemctl enable nginx </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># automatically start nginx on boot
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo systemctl start nginx </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># start nginx server
</span></code></pre>
<p>And verify it works:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> curl localhost
</span><span>&lt;!DOCTYPE </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">html</span><span>&gt;
</span><span>&lt;html&gt;
</span><span>&lt;head&gt;
</span><span>&lt;title&gt;Welcome </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">to</span><span> nginx!&lt;/title&gt;
</span><span>&lt;style&gt;
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span>{
</span><span> width: 35em;
</span><span> margin: 0 auto;
</span><span> font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
</span><span> }
</span><span>&lt;/style&gt;
</span><span>&lt;/head&gt;
</span><span>&lt;body&gt;
</span><span>&lt;h1&gt;Welcome </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">to</span><span> nginx!&lt;/h1&gt;
</span><span>&lt;p&gt;If </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">you</span><span> see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">working.</span><span> Further configuration is required.&lt;/p&gt;
</span><span>
</span><span>&lt;p&gt;For </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">online</span><span> documentation and support please refer to
</span><span>&lt;a </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">href</span><span>=&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">http://nginx.org/</span><span>&quot;&gt;nginx.org&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Commercial</span><span> support is available at
</span><span>&lt;a </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">href</span><span>=&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">http://nginx.com/</span><span>&quot;&gt;nginx.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</span><span>
</span><span>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thank </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">you</span><span> for using nginx.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</span><span>&lt;/body&gt;
</span><span>&lt;/html&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>nginx</code> is working!</p>
<h2 id="2-deploy-website">2) Deploy website<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-deploy-website" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-deploy-website"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>For this demo, we'll deploy a single file(<code>index.html</code>)
HTML website.</p>
<h3 id="2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server">2.1) Install the webpage on the server<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>Edit <code>/var/www/html/index.html</code> and add the following HTML to it:</p>
<pre data-lang="html" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-html "><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span>&lt;!</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">DOCTYPE </span><span style="color:#d08770;">html</span><span>&gt;
</span><span>&lt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">html</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">head</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">title</span><span>&gt;My cool website!&lt;/</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">title</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;/</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">head</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">h1</span><span>&gt;Welcome to my website! o/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">h1</span><span>&gt;
</span><span> &lt;/</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body</span><span>&gt;
</span><span>&lt;/</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">html</span><span>&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<p>The webpage should now be available on localhost, and we should see it when we run the following command:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> curl localhost
</span><span>&lt;!DOCTYPE </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">html</span><span>&gt;
</span><span>&lt;html&gt;
</span><span> &lt;head&gt;
</span><span> &lt;title&gt;My </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">cool</span><span> website!&lt;/title&gt;
</span><span> &lt;/head&gt;
</span><span> &lt;body&gt;
</span><span> &lt;h1&gt;Welcome </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">to</span><span> my website! o/&lt;/h1&gt;
</span><span> &lt;/body&gt;
</span><span>&lt;/html&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain">2.2) Serve webpage on a custom domain<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<h4 id="2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already">2.2.1) Buy a domain if you don't own one already<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<h4 id="2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record">2.2.2) Go to the domain's DNS dashboard and add the following record<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>@ A 300 &lt;your server IP address&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain">2.2.3) Setup <code>nginx</code> to serve the website at <code>http://&lt;your-domain&gt;</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<p>Open <code>/etc/nginx/sites-available/your-domain</code> and add the following:</p>
<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>server {
</span><span> # serve website on port 80
</span><span> listen [::]:80;
</span><span> listen 80;
</span><span>
</span><span> # write error logs to file
</span><span> error_log /var/log/nginx/&lt;your-domain&gt;.error.log;
</span><span> # write access logs to file
</span><span> access_log /var/log/nginx/&lt;your-domain&gt;.access.log;
</span><span>
</span><span> # serve only on this domain:
</span><span> server_name &lt;your-domain&gt;; # replace me
</span><span>
</span><span>
</span><span> # use files from this directory
</span><span> root /var/www/html/;
</span><span>
</span><span> # remove .html from URL; it is cleaner this way
</span><span> rewrite ^(/.*)\.html(\?.*)?$ $1$2 permanent;
</span><span>
</span><span> # when a request is received, try the index.html in the directory
</span><span> # or $uri.html
</span><span> try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri/ $uri =404;
</span><span>}
</span></code></pre>
<p>It is good practice to have all <code>nginx</code> deployment configurations in
<code>/etc/nginx/sites-available/</code> directory and link production websites to
`/etc/nginx/sites-enabled directory. Doing so allows you to
work-in-progress configurations or delete deployments without losing
the configuration files.</p>
<p>Let's enable <code>&lt;your-domain&gt;</code></p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo ln</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> /etc/nginx/sites-available/&lt;your-domain&gt; /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/&lt;your-domain&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<p>Verify configurations before deploying, <code>nginx</code> has a command
to do it:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo nginx</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -t
</span></code></pre>
<p>If there are no errors, reload <code>nginx</code> to deploy the website:</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo nginx</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> reload
</span></code></pre>
<p>Your webpage should now be accessible at <code>http://&lt;your-domain&gt;</code>!</p>
<h3 id="2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https">2.3) Install <code>certbot</code> to set up HTTPS<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>HTTP is insecure. We'll have to set up SSL to serve our website using
HTTPS. To do that, we will be using <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/">Let's
Encrypt</a> a popular nonprofit certificate
authority to get our SSL certificates.</p>
<p>SSL certificates come with set lifetimes, so we renew them before they expire. The process, when done manually, is demanding: you
will have to log in every three months and renew the
certificate. If you fail or forget it, your visitors will see security
warnings on your website.</p>
<p>Thankfully, there is a way to automate this process through
<a href="https://certbot.eff.org/"><code>certbot</code></a></p>
<h4 id="2-3-1-install-certbot">2.3.1) Install <code>certbot</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-3-1-install-certbot" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-3-1-install-certbot"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain">2.3.2) Get a certificate for <code>&lt;your-domain&gt;</code><a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> sudo certbot</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --nginx -d </span><span>&lt;your-domain&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>certbot</code> will prompt you for an email ID, and ask you to accept their
terms and conditions, privacy policy, etc. Be sure to read them before
agreeing to them. It will then try to authenticate your domain ownership
using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Certificate_Management_Environment">ACME
protocol</a>.
By configuring the DNS to point to our server and by telling <code>nginx</code> at
that domain.</p>
<p>When it has verified ownership, it will automatically issue, deploy the
certificate on <code>nginx</code> and setup redirects.</p>
<h4 id="2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals">2.3.3) Setup cronjob to automate SSL certificate renewals<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<p>Become root and edit crontab</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> su
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">crontab -e
</span></code></pre>
<p>Add the following job and exit:</p>
<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>0 */12 * * * certbot -n --nginx renew
</span></code></pre>
<p>It will attempt to renew SSL certificates every 12 hours. If a the
certificate is due for renewal, <code>certbot</code> will go through the ACME
challenge, get the new certificates and automatically deploy them for
you.</p>
<p>Now our GNU/Linux server is configured and ready to serve our website at
<code>http://&lt;your-website&gt;</code>!</p>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="blog__post-tag-container">
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/bare-metal">#bare-metal</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/nginx">#nginx</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/jamstack">#JAMStack</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/lets-encrypt">#lets-encrypt</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/self-hosting">#self-hosting</a>
</div>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
<title> - Posts</title>
<link href="https://librepages.org/blog/atom.xml" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml"/>
<link href="https://librepages.org/blog/"/>
<generator uri="https://www.getzola.org/">Zola</generator>
<updated>2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
<id>https://librepages.org/blog/atom.xml</id>
<entry xml:lang="en">
<title>December 2022 Monthly Report</title>
<published>2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00</published>
<updated>2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
<link href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/" type="text/html"/>
<id>https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;These past couple of months have been very busy interesting, LibrePages
went from being a simple &lt;code&gt;git pull&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; webhook to fully-fledged platform
that can deploy static sites from &lt;em&gt;any&lt;&#x2F;em&gt; Git forge.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This month, the following things were accomplished:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;1-deploy-site-from-dashboard&quot;&gt;1. Deploy site from dashboard&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-deploy-site-from-dashboard&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-deploy-site-from-dashboard&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is now possible to deploy and manage websites with log inspection
right from the dashboard. LibrePages will automatically assign a
randomly generated, but friendly-sounding subdomain on a domain that the
LibrePages system manages. It is also possible to inspect deployment
events, like site updates, to troubleshoot errors in the deployment
pipelines.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Custom domain support isn&#x27;t available at the moment but will be
implemented soon.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;2-forms-support&quot;&gt;2. Forms support&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-forms-support&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-forms-support&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Forms are useful but creating a separate backed or relying on
privacy-invasive tech like Google Forms is very inconvenient. Popular
JAMStack platforms like Netlify provide forms support, so we thought
implementing forms support will be useful.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LibrePages Forms is a &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;git.batsense.net&#x2F;LibrePages&#x2F;forms&quot;&gt;separate
service&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; that can be
integrated into the system. It accepts form submissions in both JSON and
&lt;code&gt;application&#x2F;x-www-form-urlencode&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;. Adding it to your
LibrePages-deployed website is very simple, please see
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;docs.librepages.org&#x2F;forms&#x2F;add&#x2F;&quot;&gt;here&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; for instructions.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration&quot;&gt;3. Forgejo and Gitea integration&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LibrePages exposes an endpoint which users can call to update their
deployments. This allows us to support all types of Git-based forges. In
addition to the endpoint, we now expose a webhook that is compatible
with Forgejo and Gitea. This way, the deployment will automatically be
updated when a push event is received at the deployed branch, without the
user (or their CI) requiring to call the endpoint.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging&quot;&gt;4. Sysadmin: logging and debugging&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LibrePages is complicated system made of multiple services. It also uses
several third-party applications, like Nginx, to serve websites.
Debugging an issue that affecting multiple services used be complicated
but LibrePages now includes instrumentation to monitor with
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;prometheus.io&quot;&gt;Prometheus&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; and provides distributed tracing via
OpenTelemetry-based based utilities like &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.jaegertracing.io&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Jagger&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt&quot;&gt;5. Nginx, bind and Let&#x27;s Encrypt&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LibrePages is modular, it can be integrated into any existing system,
like &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;gna.org&quot;&gt;Gna!&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;enough.community&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Enough
Community&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; to provide static site hosting. We
do this using
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;git.batsense.net&#x2F;LibrePages&#x2F;conductor&quot;&gt;Conductor&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;, which allows
LibrePages to integrate with multiple DNS servers&#x2F;providers, reverse
proxies and other third-party applications that LibrePages would depend
on.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Currently, we are working on supporting a system based on Nginx, Bind9 and Let&#x27;s Encrypt.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;6-infrastructure-as-code&quot;&gt;6. Infrastructure-as-Code&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#6-infrastructure-as-code&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 6-infrastructure-as-code&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;git.batsense.net&#x2F;LibrePages&#x2F;Infrastructure-as-Code&quot;&gt;Infrastructure as code to deploy the full
system&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; is
being worked on. So far, we&#x27;ve implemented deploying a Debian server
using Terraform and libvirt. Installing and and configuring LibrePages
is being worked on.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;thanks&quot;&gt;Thanks&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#thanks&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: thanks&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I would like to thank the &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.easter-eggs.com&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Easter-eggs&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;
for funding team for funding &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;forum.gna.org&#x2F;t&#x2F;5-000-contract-aravinth-manivannan-easter-eggs&#x2F;58&quot;&gt;my work on
LibrePages&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; &amp;lt;3&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry xml:lang="en">
<title>How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages</title>
<published>2022-09-10T00:00:00+00:00</published>
<updated>2022-09-10T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
<link href="https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/" type="text/html"/>
<id>https://librepages.org/blog/2022-09-10-how-to-publish-website-without-librepages/</id>
<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;del&gt;blog post&lt;&#x2F;del&gt; tutorial, I&#x27;ll show you how to deploy a personal
website. LibrePages automates everything that is discussed in this
tutorial and lets you focus on creating content. Automation is good
but knowing how to do it manually using industry standard
technologies always helps!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We will be using the following technologies to deploy our website:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;debian.org&quot;&gt;GNU&#x2F;Linux server(Debian)&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.nginx.com&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Nginx&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; (webs server)&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;letsencrypt.org&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Let&#x27;s Encrypt&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; (for HTTPS)&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let&#x27;s get started!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;1-setup-debian-gnu-linux&quot;&gt;1. Setup Debian GNU&#x2F;Linux&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-setup-debian-gnu-linux&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-setup-debian-gnu-linux&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We are going to start with a fresh GNU&#x2F;Linux installation, you could get
one from a cloud provider like &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.digitalocean.com&quot;&gt;Digital
Ocean&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; (not affiliated).&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges&quot;&gt;1.1) Give your account &lt;code&gt;sudo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; privileges&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-1-give-your-account-sudo-privileges&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On GNU&#x2F;Linux systems, the &lt;code&gt;root&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; account is the most powerful user account.
It is good practice to avoid working as &lt;code&gt;root&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; since a careless mistake
could wipe the entire system out.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;sudo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; give the ability to execute commands with &lt;code&gt;root&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; capabilities
from a lower-privileged account. Let&#x27;s make our account sudo capable:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;su &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# become root
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# add `realaravinth`, my account` to `sudo` group to be able to use `sudo`
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;usermod -aG&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo realaravinth &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# my account is called `realaravinth`, replace it with yours
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#96b5b4;&quot;&gt;exit
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; exit
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Log out and log back in.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw&quot;&gt;1.2) Install and setup firewall(&lt;code&gt;ufw&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;)&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-2-install-and-setup-firewall-ufw&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wiki.ubuntu.com&#x2F;UncomplicatedFirewall&quot;&gt;Uncomplicated
Firewall(&lt;code&gt;ufw&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; is a
popular firewall that is easy to set up and maintain. For most
installations, this should be enough. System administrators use
firewalls to open only the ports that they think should receive traffic
from external networks. Without it, all ports will be open, causing a
security nightmare.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We will require standard SSH (22), and the standard web ports (80 and
443). A comprehensive list of services and the list of ports the listen
on is available at &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;etc&#x2F;services&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo apt update &amp;amp;&amp;amp; &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;apt&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; upgrade &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# update system
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo apt install ufw &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# we are using `ufw` for the firewall
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo ufw allow ssh &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# allow SSH traffic on port 22, required to log into the server
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo ufw enable &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# deploy firewall
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-3-secure-ssh&quot;&gt;1.3) Secure SSH&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-secure-ssh&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-secure-ssh&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SSH allows remote access to our servers over secure, encrypted channels.
By default, users can log in with their password using SSH. But password
authentication &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wiki.archlinux.org&#x2F;title&#x2F;OpenSSH#Protecting_against_brute_force_attacks&quot;&gt;is susceptible to brute force
attacks&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;,
so we should &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wiki.archlinux.org&#x2F;title&#x2F;OpenSSH#Force_public_key_authentication&quot;&gt;disable password logins on our server and only allow
public-key authentication
only&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-3-1-generate-key-pair&quot;&gt;1.3.1) Generate key pair&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-1-generate-key-pair&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-1-generate-key-pair&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On your local computer, generate an SSH key pair:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; ssh-keygen
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Generating&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; public&#x2F;private rsa key pair.
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Enter&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; file in which to save the key (&#x2F;home&#x2F;realaravinth&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#96b5b4;&quot;&gt;:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Enter&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; passphrase (empty for no passphrase)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#96b5b4;&quot;&gt;:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Enter&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; same passphrase again:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Your&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; identification has been saved in &#x2F;home&#x2F;realaravinth&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Your&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; public key has been saved in &#x2F;home&#x2F;realaravinth&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa.pub
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;The&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; key fingerprint is:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;SHA256:i2DE1b9BQb9DqV0r6O9MfPeVqUwfww1&#x2F;T8wIXL2Xqdo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; realaravinth@myserver.com
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;The&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; key&amp;#39;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;s random art image is:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;+---[RSA 3072]----+
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| .. .o. |
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| . . . .. . . |
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| o o + o .|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| . o* + .+|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| o S ooB o+.|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| . . . o.. +o*=|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| . . . ooo*X|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| +=.ooB|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;| o+E .o|
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;+----[SHA256]-----+
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Set a strong password the program prompts for one and save it somewhere
safe. Your public key will be at &lt;code&gt;~&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa.pub&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and your private key at
&lt;code&gt;~&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Never share the private key with anyone&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication&quot;&gt;1.3.2) Setup public-key authentication&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-2-setup-public-key-authentication&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We have to copy the public key that we generated in the previous setup
onto our server:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; ssh-copy-id&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt; -i ~&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa.pub myserver.com
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;&#x2F;usr&#x2F;bin&#x2F;ssh-copy-id:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; INFO: Source of key(s) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;to&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; be installed: &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;&#x2F;home&#x2F;realaravinth&#x2F;.ssh&#x2F;id_rsa.pub&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;quot;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;&#x2F;usr&#x2F;bin&#x2F;ssh-copy-id:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; to filter out any that are already installed
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;&#x2F;usr&#x2F;bin&#x2F;ssh-copy-id:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; INFO: 1 key(s) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;remain&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;realaravinth@myserver.com&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#39;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;s password:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;Number of key(s) added: 1
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;Now try logging into the machine, with: &amp;quot;ssh &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#39;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;myserver.com&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#39;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication&quot;&gt;1.3.3) Disable SSH password authentication&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-3-disable-ssh-password-authentication&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE: Verify you can log into your account before proceeding&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now that we have a private-key authentication setup on both the client and
the server, let&#x27;s disable password authentication on the server:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Open &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;etc&#x2F;ssh&#x2F;sshd_config&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and add the following lines:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span&gt;PubkeyAuthentication yes
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;PasswordAuthentication no
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And restart the SSH server:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo systemctl restart sshd
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban&quot;&gt;1.3) Install and setup &lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-install-and-setup-fail2ban&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We will be using
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.fail2ban.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;index.php&#x2F;Main_Page&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; for
intrusion prevention by blacklisting entities (users, bots, etc.) based
on failed login attempts.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-3-1-install-fail2ban&quot;&gt;1.3.1) Install &lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-1-install-fail2ban&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-1-install-fail2ban&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo apt install fail2ban
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd&quot;&gt;1.3.2) Enable &lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;sshd&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-2-enable-fail2ban-for-sshd&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Open &lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; configuration at &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;etc&#x2F;fail2ban&#x2F;jail.conf&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and add the following lines:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;yml&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-yml &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-yml&quot; data-lang=&quot;yml&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;sshd&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;]
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;enabled = true
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot&quot;&gt;1.3.3) Configure &lt;code&gt;fail2ban&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to start on boot&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-3-3-configure-fail2ban-to-start-on-boot&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo systemctl start fail2ban
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;1-4-install-and-setup-nginx&quot;&gt;1.4) Install and setup &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-4-install-and-setup-nginx&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-4-install-and-setup-nginx&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; is a popular web server that can be used to serve static sites.
It is fast, stable, and easy to set up.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To install, run the following command:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-4-1-install-nginx&quot;&gt;1.4.1) Install &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;:&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-4-1-install-nginx&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-4-1-install-nginx&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo apt install nginx
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443&quot;&gt;1.4.2) Allow web traffic: open ports &lt;code&gt;80&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;443&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-4-2-allow-web-traffic-open-ports-80-and-443&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ports &lt;code&gt;80&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; is the default for HTTP and &lt;code&gt;443&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; for HTTPS. To serve
web traffic, we&#x27;ll have to Configure &lt;code&gt;ufw&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to accept traffic on them:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo ufw allow 80 &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# open ports 80 HTTP traffic
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo ufw allow 443 &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# open ports 443 for HTTPS traffic
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot&quot;&gt;1.4.2) Configure &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to start on boot&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 1-4-2-configure-nginx-to-start-on-boot&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo systemctl enable nginx &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# automatically start nginx on boot
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo systemctl start nginx &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#65737e;&quot;&gt;# start nginx server
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And verify it works:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; curl localhost
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;!DOCTYPE &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;html&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;head&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;Welcome &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;to&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; nginx!&amp;lt;&#x2F;title&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;style&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;body &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;{
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; width: 35em;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; margin: 0 auto;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; }
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;style&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;head&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Welcome &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;to&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; nginx!&amp;lt;&#x2F;h1&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;If &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;you&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;working.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; Further configuration is required.&amp;lt;&#x2F;p&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;online&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; documentation and support please refer to
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;href&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;=&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;nginx.org&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;nginx.org&amp;lt;&#x2F;a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br&#x2F;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;Commercial&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; support is available at
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;href&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;=&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#a3be8c;&quot;&gt;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;nginx.com&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;nginx.com&amp;lt;&#x2F;a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;&#x2F;p&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Thank &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;you&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; for using nginx.&amp;lt;&#x2F;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;p&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;body&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;html&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; is working!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;2-deploy-website&quot;&gt;2) Deploy website&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-deploy-website&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-deploy-website&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For this demo, we&#x27;ll deploy a single file(&lt;code&gt;index.html&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;)
HTML website.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server&quot;&gt;2.1) Install the webpage on the server&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-1-install-the-webpage-on-the-server&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Edit &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;var&#x2F;www&#x2F;html&#x2F;index.html&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and add the following HTML to it:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;html&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-html &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot; data-lang=&quot;html&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#b48ead;&quot;&gt;DOCTYPE &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d08770;&quot;&gt;html&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;html&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;head&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;title&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;My cool website!&amp;lt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;title&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;head&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;body&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;h1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;Welcome to my website! o&#x2F;&amp;lt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;h1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;body&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;html&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The webpage should now be available on localhost, and we should see it when we run the following command:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; curl localhost
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;!DOCTYPE &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;html&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;head&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;title&amp;gt;My &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;cool&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; website!&amp;lt;&#x2F;title&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&#x2F;head&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;body&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Welcome &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;to&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; my website! o&#x2F;&amp;lt;&#x2F;h1&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &amp;lt;&#x2F;body&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;&#x2F;html&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain&quot;&gt;2.2) Serve webpage on a custom domain&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-2-serve-webpage-on-a-custom-domain&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already&quot;&gt;2.2.1) Buy a domain if you don&#x27;t own one already&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-2-1-buy-a-domain-if-you-don-t-own-one-already&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record&quot;&gt;2.2.2) Go to the domain&#x27;s DNS dashboard and add the following record&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-2-2-go-to-the-domain-s-dns-dashboard-and-add-the-following-record&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span&gt;@ A 300 &amp;lt;your server IP address&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain&quot;&gt;2.2.3) Setup &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to serve the website at &lt;code&gt;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-2-3-setup-nginx-to-serve-the-website-at-http-your-domain&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Open &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;sites-available&#x2F;your-domain&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and add the following:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span&gt;server {
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # serve website on port 80
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; listen [::]:80;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; listen 80;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # write error logs to file
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; error_log &#x2F;var&#x2F;log&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;.error.log;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # write access logs to file
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; access_log &#x2F;var&#x2F;log&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;.access.log;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # serve only on this domain:
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; server_name &amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;; # replace me
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # use files from this directory
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; root &#x2F;var&#x2F;www&#x2F;html&#x2F;;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # remove .html from URL; it is cleaner this way
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; rewrite ^(&#x2F;.*)\.html(\?.*)?$ $1$2 permanent;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # when a request is received, try the index.html in the directory
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; # or $uri.html
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; try_files $uri&#x2F;index.html $uri.html $uri&#x2F; $uri =404;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;}
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is good practice to have all &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; deployment configurations in
&lt;code&gt;&#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;sites-available&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; directory and link production websites to
`&#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;sites-enabled directory. Doing so allows you to
work-in-progress configurations or delete deployments without losing
the configuration files.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let&#x27;s enable &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo ln&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt; -s&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;sites-available&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt; &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;sites-enabled&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Verify configurations before deploying, &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; has a command
to do it:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo nginx&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt; -t
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If there are no errors, reload &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to deploy the website:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo nginx&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt; -s&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; reload
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your webpage should now be accessible at &lt;code&gt;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https&quot;&gt;2.3) Install &lt;code&gt;certbot&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; to set up HTTPS&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-3-install-certbot-to-set-up-https&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HTTP is insecure. We&#x27;ll have to set up SSL to serve our website using
HTTPS. To do that, we will be using &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;letsencrypt.org&#x2F;&quot;&gt;Let&#x27;s
Encrypt&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; a popular nonprofit certificate
authority to get our SSL certificates.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SSL certificates come with set lifetimes, so we renew them before they expire. The process, when done manually, is demanding: you
will have to log in every three months and renew the
certificate. If you fail or forget it, your visitors will see security
warnings on your website.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thankfully, there is a way to automate this process through
&lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;certbot.eff.org&#x2F;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;certbot&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-3-1-install-certbot&quot;&gt;2.3.1) Install &lt;code&gt;certbot&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-3-1-install-certbot&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-3-1-install-certbot&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain&quot;&gt;2.3.2) Get a certificate for &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-3-2-get-a-certificate-for-your-domain&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; sudo certbot&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt; --nginx -d &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;lt;your-domain&amp;gt;
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;certbot&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; will prompt you for an email ID, and ask you to accept their
terms and conditions, privacy policy, etc. Be sure to read them before
agreeing to them. It will then try to authenticate your domain ownership
using the &lt;a href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Automatic_Certificate_Management_Environment&quot;&gt;ACME
protocol&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;.
By configuring the DNS to point to our server and by telling &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; at
that domain.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When it has verified ownership, it will automatically issue, deploy the
certificate on &lt;code&gt;nginx&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; and setup redirects.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals&quot;&gt;2.3.3) Setup cronjob to automate SSL certificate renewals&lt;a class=&quot;zola-anchor&quot; href=&quot;#2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals&quot; aria-label=&quot;Anchor link for: 2-3-3-setup-cronjob-to-automate-ssl-certificate-renewals&quot;
&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-icon&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;a
&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Become root and edit crontab&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre data-lang=&quot;bash&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot; class=&quot;language-bash &quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-bash&quot; data-lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; su
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#bf616a;&quot;&gt;crontab -e
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Add the following job and exit:&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span&gt;0 *&#x2F;12 * * * certbot -n --nginx renew
&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It will attempt to renew SSL certificates every 12 hours. If a the
certificate is due for renewal, &lt;code&gt;certbot&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; will go through the ACME
challenge, get the new certificates and automatically deploy them for
you.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now our GNU&#x2F;Linux server is configured and ready to serve our website at
&lt;code&gt;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;&amp;lt;your-website&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
</content>
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<h1 class="page__group-title">December 2022 Monthly Report</h1>
<p class="blog__post-meta">
<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;batsense.net" class="post__author">Aravinth Manivannan</a>
&middot; 31
December
,
2022 &middot; <b>3 min read</b>
</p>
<div class="blog__content">
<aside class="toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#1-deploy-site-from-dashboard">1. Deploy site from dashboard</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#2-forms-support">2. Forms support</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration">3. Forgejo and Gitea integration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging">4. Sysadmin: logging and debugging</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt">5. Nginx, bind and Let&#x27;s Encrypt</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#6-infrastructure-as-code">6. Infrastructure-as-Code</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://librepages.org/blog/december-2022-monthly-report/#thanks">Thanks</a>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
<p>These past couple of months have been very busy interesting, LibrePages
went from being a simple <code>git pull</code> webhook to fully-fledged platform
that can deploy static sites from <em>any</em> Git forge.</p>
<p>This month, the following things were accomplished:</p>
<h2 id="1-deploy-site-from-dashboard">1. Deploy site from dashboard<a class="zola-anchor" href="#1-deploy-site-from-dashboard" aria-label="Anchor link for: 1-deploy-site-from-dashboard"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>It is now possible to deploy and manage websites with log inspection
right from the dashboard. LibrePages will automatically assign a
randomly generated, but friendly-sounding subdomain on a domain that the
LibrePages system manages. It is also possible to inspect deployment
events, like site updates, to troubleshoot errors in the deployment
pipelines.</p>
<p>Custom domain support isn't available at the moment but will be
implemented soon.</p>
<h2 id="2-forms-support">2. Forms support<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2-forms-support" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2-forms-support"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>Forms are useful but creating a separate backed or relying on
privacy-invasive tech like Google Forms is very inconvenient. Popular
JAMStack platforms like Netlify provide forms support, so we thought
implementing forms support will be useful.</p>
<p>LibrePages Forms is a <a href="https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/forms">separate
service</a> that can be
integrated into the system. It accepts form submissions in both JSON and
<code>application/x-www-form-urlencode</code>. Adding it to your
LibrePages-deployed website is very simple, please see
<a href="https://docs.librepages.org/forms/add/">here</a> for instructions.</p>
<h2 id="3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration">3. Forgejo and Gitea integration<a class="zola-anchor" href="#3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration" aria-label="Anchor link for: 3-forgejo-and-gitea-integration"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>LibrePages exposes an endpoint which users can call to update their
deployments. This allows us to support all types of Git-based forges. In
addition to the endpoint, we now expose a webhook that is compatible
with Forgejo and Gitea. This way, the deployment will automatically be
updated when a push event is received at the deployed branch, without the
user (or their CI) requiring to call the endpoint.</p>
<h2 id="4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging">4. Sysadmin: logging and debugging<a class="zola-anchor" href="#4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging" aria-label="Anchor link for: 4-sysadmin-logging-and-debugging"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>LibrePages is complicated system made of multiple services. It also uses
several third-party applications, like Nginx, to serve websites.
Debugging an issue that affecting multiple services used be complicated
but LibrePages now includes instrumentation to monitor with
<a href="https://prometheus.io">Prometheus</a> and provides distributed tracing via
OpenTelemetry-based based utilities like <a href="https://www.jaegertracing.io/">Jagger</a>.</p>
<h2 id="5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt">5. Nginx, bind and Let's Encrypt<a class="zola-anchor" href="#5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt" aria-label="Anchor link for: 5-nginx-bind-and-let-s-encrypt"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>LibrePages is modular, it can be integrated into any existing system,
like <a href="https://gna.org">Gna!</a> and <a href="https://enough.community/">Enough
Community</a> to provide static site hosting. We
do this using
<a href="https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/conductor">Conductor</a>, which allows
LibrePages to integrate with multiple DNS servers/providers, reverse
proxies and other third-party applications that LibrePages would depend
on.</p>
<p>Currently, we are working on supporting a system based on Nginx, Bind9 and Let's Encrypt.</p>
<h2 id="6-infrastructure-as-code">6. Infrastructure-as-Code<a class="zola-anchor" href="#6-infrastructure-as-code" aria-label="Anchor link for: 6-infrastructure-as-code"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p><a href="https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/Infrastructure-as-Code">Infrastructure as code to deploy the full
system</a> is
being worked on. So far, we've implemented deploying a Debian server
using Terraform and libvirt. Installing and and configuring LibrePages
is being worked on.</p>
<h2 id="thanks">Thanks<a class="zola-anchor" href="#thanks" aria-label="Anchor link for: thanks"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>I would like to thank the <a href="https://www.easter-eggs.com/">Easter-eggs</a>
for funding team for funding <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/5-000-contract-aravinth-manivannan-easter-eggs/58">my work on
LibrePages</a> &lt;3</p>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="blog__post-tag-container">
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/monthly-report">#monthly-report</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/jamstack">#JAMStack</a>
<a class="blog__post-tag" href="/tags/self-hosting">#self-hosting</a>
</div>
</div>
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<h1 class="page__group-title">Code of Conduct</h1>
<div class="page__group-content">
<h3 id="the-librepages-collective-strives-to">The LibrePages collective strives to:<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-librepages-collective-strives-to" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-librepages-collective-strives-to"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Be friendly, patient and welcoming.</strong> We strive to be a collective that welcomes and supports people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not limited to, members of any race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, colour, immigration status, social and economic class, educational level, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status, political belief, religion and mental and physical ability.</li>
<li><strong>Be considerate.</strong> Our work will be used by other people, and we in turn will depend on the work of others. Any decision we take will affect users and colleagues, and we should take those consequences into account when making decisions. Remember that we're a world-wide community and we have a global base of users and of contributors. Even if it's not obvious at the time, our contributions to projects managed by the hostea collective will impact the work of others.</li>
<li><strong>Be respectful.</strong> Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behavior and poor manners. We might all experience some frustration now and then, but we cannot allow that frustration to turn into a personal attack. Its important to remember that a collective where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. Members of the collective should be respectful when dealing with other contributors as well as with people outside of the collective and with users of the projects managed by LibrePages.</li>
<li><strong>Collaborate openly.</strong> Collaboration is central to projects managed by LibrePages and to the larger free software community. This collaboration involves individuals working within teams, cross-project collaboration within LibrePages and working with other projects outside of LibrePages. This collaboration reduces redundancy, and improves the quality of our work. Internally and externally, we should always be open to collaboration. Wherever possible, we should work closely with upstream and downstream projects and others in the free software community to coordinate our technical, advocacy, documentation and other work. Our work must be done transparently and we should involve as many interested parties as early as possible. If we decide to take a different approach than others, we will let them know early, document our work and inform others regularly of our progress. We do not create private forms of communication that take away transparency or exclude other contributors and collaborators.</li>
<li><strong>When we disagree, try to understand why.</strong> Disagreements, both social and technical, happen all the time and LibrePages is no exception. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively. Remember that were different. The strength of LibrePages comes from people with a wide range of backgrounds. Different people have different perspectives on issues. Being unable to understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesnt mean that theyre wrong.</li>
<li><strong>Focus on helping to resolve issues and learning from mistakes.</strong> It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively and with the help of the collective. When our goals differ dramatically, we encourage the creation of alternative implementations, so that the collective can test new ideas and contribute to the discussion.</li>
<li><strong>When we are unsure, we ask for help.</strong> Nobody knows everything, and nobody is expected to be perfect in LibrePages. Asking questions avoids many problems down the road, and so questions are encouraged. Those who are asked questions should be responsive and helpful. However, when asking a question, care must be taken to do so in an appropriate forum.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="we-take-the-following-very-seriously-and-any-violations-may-impact-your-ability-to-participate-in-librepages">We take the following very seriously, and any violations may impact your ability to participate in LibrePages<a class="zola-anchor" href="#we-take-the-following-very-seriously-and-any-violations-may-impact-your-ability-to-participate-in-librepages" aria-label="Anchor link for: we-take-the-following-very-seriously-and-any-violations-may-impact-your-ability-to-participate-in-librepages"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Be careful with your words and actions.</strong> Do not insult or put down other participants. Harassment and other exclusionary behavior is not acceptable and should be reported. This includes but is not limited to:
<ul>
<li>Violent threats or language directed against another person.</li>
<li>Discriminatory jokes and language.</li>
<li>Posting sexually suggestive, explicit or violent material.</li>
<li>Posting (or threatening to post) other people's personally identifying information (&quot;doxing&quot;).</li>
<li>Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.</li>
<li>Unwelcome sexual attention.</li>
<li>Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behavior.</li>
<li>Repeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Respect the decision process.</strong> Members of LibrePages should not attempt to manipulate decisons based on consensus or election results. Open debate is welcome, but vote trading, ballot stuffing and other forms of abuse are not acceptable.</li>
</ul>
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target="_blank"
>&nbsp;CC-BY-SA&nbsp;</a
>
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@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
# The URL the site will be built for
base_url = "https://librepages.org"
# Whether to automatically compile all Sass files in the sass directory
compile_sass = true
# Whether to build a search index to be used later on by a JavaScript library
build_search_index = true
taxonomies = [
{name = "tags", feed = true}, # each tag will have its own feed
{name = "categories", paginate_by = 5}, # 5 items per page for a term
]
[markdown]
# Whether to do syntax highlighting
# Theme can be customised by setting the `highlight_theme` variable to a theme supported by Zola
highlight_code = true
[extra]
# Put all your custom variables here
authors = [
{ "nick"="dachary", name="Loïc Dachary", "website"="https://dachary.org" },
{ "nick"="realaravinth", name="Aravinth Manivannan", "website"="https://batsense.net" }
]

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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+++
insert_anchor_links = "right"
+++

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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "About"
description = "About"
+++
LibrePages is the easiest way to manage static-sites with 100% Free
Software. It is self-ho stable but also comes with a global CDN, also
built with Free Software.

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@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "December 2022 Monthly Report"
date = "2022-12-31"
description = "Towards MVP: deploy sites with forms with Forgejo and Gitea integration. Infrastructure-as-Code to deploy full system is WIP"
draft=false
[taxonomies]
tags = ['monthly-report', 'JAMStack', 'self-hosting']
[extra]
author = 'realaravinth'
+++
These past couple of months have been very busy interesting, LibrePages
went from being a simple `git pull` webhook to fully-fledged platform
that can deploy static sites from _any_ Git forge.
This month, the following things were accomplished:
## 1. Deploy site from dashboard
It is now possible to deploy and manage websites with log inspection
right from the dashboard. LibrePages will automatically assign a
randomly generated, but friendly-sounding subdomain on a domain that the
LibrePages system manages. It is also possible to inspect deployment
events, like site updates, to troubleshoot errors in the deployment
pipelines.
Custom domain support isn't available at the moment but will be
implemented soon.
## 2. Forms support
Forms are useful but creating a separate backed or relying on
privacy-invasive tech like Google Forms is very inconvenient. Popular
JAMStack platforms like Netlify provide forms support, so we thought
implementing forms support will be useful.
LibrePages Forms is a [separate
service](https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/forms) that can be
integrated into the system. It accepts form submissions in both JSON and
`application/x-www-form-urlencode`. Adding it to your
LibrePages-deployed website is very simple, please see
[here](https://docs.librepages.org/forms/add/) for instructions.
## 3. Forgejo and Gitea integration
LibrePages exposes an endpoint which users can call to update their
deployments. This allows us to support all types of Git-based forges. In
addition to the endpoint, we now expose a webhook that is compatible
with Forgejo and Gitea. This way, the deployment will automatically be
updated when a push event is received at the deployed branch, without the
user (or their CI) requiring to call the endpoint.
## 4. Sysadmin: logging and debugging
LibrePages is complicated system made of multiple services. It also uses
several third-party applications, like Nginx, to serve websites.
Debugging an issue that affecting multiple services used be complicated
but LibrePages now includes instrumentation to monitor with
[Prometheus](https://prometheus.io) and provides distributed tracing via
OpenTelemetry-based based utilities like [Jagger](https://www.jaegertracing.io/).
## 5. Nginx, bind and Let's Encrypt
LibrePages is modular, it can be integrated into any existing system,
like [Gna!](https://gna.org) and [Enough
Community](https://enough.community/) to provide static site hosting. We
do this using
[Conductor](https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/conductor), which allows
LibrePages to integrate with multiple DNS servers/providers, reverse
proxies and other third-party applications that LibrePages would depend
on.
Currently, we are working on supporting a system based on Nginx, Bind9 and Let's Encrypt.
## 6. Infrastructure-as-Code
[Infrastructure as code to deploy the full
system](https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages/Infrastructure-as-Code) is
being worked on. So far, we've implemented deploying a Debian server
using Terraform and libvirt. Installing and and configuring LibrePages
is being worked on.
## Thanks
I would like to thank the [Easter-eggs](https://www.easter-eggs.com/)
for funding team for funding [my work on
LibrePages](https://forum.gna.org/t/5-000-contract-aravinth-manivannan-easter-eggs/58) <3

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@ -1,410 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "How to deploy a website WITHOUT LibrePages"
date = "2022-09-10"
description = "Automation services like LibrePages exist to make lives easier but how do you do the same manually, on self-hosted hardware, or in the cloud?"
draft=false
[taxonomies]
tags = ['bare-metal', 'nginx', 'JAMStack', 'lets-encrypt', 'self-hosting']
[extra]
author = 'realaravinth'
+++
In this ~~blog post~~ tutorial, I'll show you how to deploy a personal
website. LibrePages automates everything that is discussed in this
tutorial and lets you focus on creating content. Automation is good
but knowing how to do it manually using industry standard
technologies always helps!
We will be using the following technologies to deploy our website:
1. [GNU/Linux server(Debian)](https://debian.org)
2. [Nginx](https://www.nginx.com/) (webs server)
3. [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) (for HTTPS)
Let's get started!
## 1. Setup Debian GNU/Linux
We are going to start with a fresh GNU/Linux installation, you could get
one from a cloud provider like [Digital
Ocean](https://www.digitalocean.com) (not affiliated).
### 1.1) Give your account `sudo` privileges
On GNU/Linux systems, the `root` account is the most powerful user account.
It is good practice to avoid working as `root` since a careless mistake
could wipe the entire system out.
`sudo` give the ability to execute commands with `root` capabilities
from a lower-privileged account. Let's make our account sudo capable:
```bash
su # become root
# add `realaravinth`, my account` to `sudo` group to be able to use `sudo`
usermod -aG sudo realaravinth # my account is called `realaravinth`, replace it with yours
exit
$ exit
```
Log out and log back in.
### 1.2) Install and setup firewall(`ufw`)
[Uncomplicated
Firewall(`ufw`)](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall) is a
popular firewall that is easy to set up and maintain. For most
installations, this should be enough. System administrators use
firewalls to open only the ports that they think should receive traffic
from external networks. Without it, all ports will be open, causing a
security nightmare.
We will require standard SSH (22), and the standard web ports (80 and
443). A comprehensive list of services and the list of ports the listen
on is available at `/etc/services`.
```bash
$ sudo apt update && apt upgrade # update system
$ sudo apt install ufw # we are using `ufw` for the firewall
$ sudo ufw allow ssh # allow SSH traffic on port 22, required to log into the server
$ sudo ufw enable # deploy firewall
```
### 1.3) Secure SSH
SSH allows remote access to our servers over secure, encrypted channels.
By default, users can log in with their password using SSH. But password
authentication [is susceptible to brute force
attacks](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/OpenSSH#Protecting_against_brute_force_attacks),
so we should [disable password logins on our server and only allow
public-key authentication
only](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/OpenSSH#Force_public_key_authentication).
### 1.3.1) Generate key pair
On your local computer, generate an SSH key pair:
```bash
$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:i2DE1b9BQb9DqV0r6O9MfPeVqUwfww1/T8wIXL2Xqdo realaravinth@myserver.com
The key's random art image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| .. .o. |
| . . . .. . . |
| o o + o .|
| . o* + .+|
| o S ooB o+.|
| . . . o.. +o*=|
| . . . ooo*X|
| +=.ooB|
| o+E .o|
+----[SHA256]-----+
```
Set a strong password the program prompts for one and save it somewhere
safe. Your public key will be at `~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub` and your private key at
`~/.ssh/id_rsa`. **Never share the private key with anyone**.
### 1.3.2) Setup public-key authentication
We have to copy the public key that we generated in the previous setup
onto our server:
```bash
$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub myserver.com
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/realaravinth/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
realaravinth@myserver.com's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'myserver.com'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
```
### 1.3.3) Disable SSH password authentication
> **NOTE: Verify you can log into your account before proceeding**
Now that we have a private-key authentication setup on both the client and
the server, let's disable password authentication on the server:
Open `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` and add the following lines:
```
PubkeyAuthentication yes
PasswordAuthentication no
```
And restart the SSH server:
```bash
$ sudo systemctl restart sshd
```
### 1.3) Install and setup `fail2ban`
We will be using
[`fail2ban`](https://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page) for
intrusion prevention by blacklisting entities (users, bots, etc.) based
on failed login attempts.
#### 1.3.1) Install `fail2ban`
```bash
$ sudo apt install fail2ban
```
#### 1.3.2) Enable `fail2ban` for `sshd`
Open `fail2ban` configuration at `/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf` and add the following lines:
```yml
[sshd]
enabled = true
```
#### 1.3.3) Configure `fail2ban` to start on boot
```bash
$ sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
$ sudo systemctl start fail2ban
```
### 1.4) Install and setup `nginx`
`nginx` is a popular web server that can be used to serve static sites.
It is fast, stable, and easy to set up.
To install, run the following command:
#### 1.4.1) Install `nginx`:
```bash
$ sudo apt install nginx
```
#### 1.4.2) Allow web traffic: open ports `80` and `443`
Ports `80` is the default for HTTP and `443` for HTTPS. To serve
web traffic, we'll have to Configure `ufw` to accept traffic on them:
```bash
$ sudo ufw allow 80 # open ports 80 HTTP traffic
$ sudo ufw allow 443 # open ports 443 for HTTPS traffic
```
#### 1.4.2) Configure `nginx` to start on boot
```bash
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx # automatically start nginx on boot
$ sudo systemctl start nginx # start nginx server
```
And verify it works:
```bash
$ curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
```
`nginx` is working!
## 2) Deploy website
For this demo, we'll deploy a single file(`index.html`)
HTML website.
### 2.1) Install the webpage on the server
Edit `/var/www/html/index.html` and add the following HTML to it:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My cool website!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my website! o/</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
The webpage should now be available on localhost, and we should see it when we run the following command:
```bash
$ curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My cool website!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my website! o/</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
### 2.2) Serve webpage on a custom domain
#### 2.2.1) Buy a domain if you don't own one already
#### 2.2.2) Go to the domain's DNS dashboard and add the following record
```
@ A 300 <your server IP address>
```
#### 2.2.3) Setup `nginx` to serve the website at `http://<your-domain>`
Open `/etc/nginx/sites-available/your-domain` and add the following:
```
server {
# serve website on port 80
listen [::]:80;
listen 80;
# write error logs to file
error_log /var/log/nginx/<your-domain>.error.log;
# write access logs to file
access_log /var/log/nginx/<your-domain>.access.log;
# serve only on this domain:
server_name <your-domain>; # replace me
# use files from this directory
root /var/www/html/;
# remove .html from URL; it is cleaner this way
rewrite ^(/.*)\.html(\?.*)?$ $1$2 permanent;
# when a request is received, try the index.html in the directory
# or $uri.html
try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri/ $uri =404;
}
```
It is good practice to have all `nginx` deployment configurations in
`/etc/nginx/sites-available/` directory and link production websites to
`/etc/nginx/sites-enabled directory. Doing so allows you to
work-in-progress configurations or delete deployments without losing
the configuration files.
Let's enable `<your-domain>`
```bash
$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/<your-domain> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/<your-domain>
```
Verify configurations before deploying, `nginx` has a command
to do it:
```bash
$ sudo nginx -t
```
If there are no errors, reload `nginx` to deploy the website:
```bash
$ sudo nginx -s reload
```
Your webpage should now be accessible at `http://<your-domain>`!
### 2.3) Install `certbot` to set up HTTPS
HTTP is insecure. We'll have to set up SSL to serve our website using
HTTPS. To do that, we will be using [Let's
Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) a popular nonprofit certificate
authority to get our SSL certificates.
SSL certificates come with set lifetimes, so we renew them before they expire. The process, when done manually, is demanding: you
will have to log in every three months and renew the
certificate. If you fail or forget it, your visitors will see security
warnings on your website.
Thankfully, there is a way to automate this process through
[`certbot`](https://certbot.eff.org/)
#### 2.3.1) Install `certbot`
```bash
$ sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
```
#### 2.3.2) Get a certificate for `<your-domain>`
```bash
$ sudo certbot --nginx -d <your-domain>
```
`certbot` will prompt you for an email ID, and ask you to accept their
terms and conditions, privacy policy, etc. Be sure to read them before
agreeing to them. It will then try to authenticate your domain ownership
using the [ACME
protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Certificate_Management_Environment).
By configuring the DNS to point to our server and by telling `nginx` at
that domain.
When it has verified ownership, it will automatically issue, deploy the
certificate on `nginx` and setup redirects.
#### 2.3.3) Setup cronjob to automate SSL certificate renewals
Become root and edit crontab
```bash
$ su
crontab -e
```
Add the following job and exit:
```
0 */12 * * * certbot -n --nginx renew
```
It will attempt to renew SSL certificates every 12 hours. If a the
certificate is due for renewal, `certbot` will go through the ACME
challenge, get the new certificates and automatically deploy them for
you.
Now our GNU/Linux server is configured and ready to serve our website at
`http://<your-website>`!

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+++
title = "Posts"
sort_by = "date"
template = "blog/index.html"
page_template = "blog/post.html"
generate_feed = true
insert_anchor_links = "right"
+++

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+++
title = "Code of Conduct"
description = "Code of Conduct"
+++
### The LibrePages collective strives to:
- **Be friendly, patient and welcoming.** We strive to be a collective that welcomes and supports people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not limited to, members of any race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, colour, immigration status, social and economic class, educational level, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status, political belief, religion and mental and physical ability.
- **Be considerate.** Our work will be used by other people, and we in turn will depend on the work of others. Any decision we take will affect users and colleagues, and we should take those consequences into account when making decisions. Remember that we're a world-wide community and we have a global base of users and of contributors. Even if it's not obvious at the time, our contributions to projects managed by the hostea collective will impact the work of others.
- **Be respectful.** Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behavior and poor manners. We might all experience some frustration now and then, but we cannot allow that frustration to turn into a personal attack. Its important to remember that a collective where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. Members of the collective should be respectful when dealing with other contributors as well as with people outside of the collective and with users of the projects managed by LibrePages.
- **Collaborate openly.** Collaboration is central to projects managed by LibrePages and to the larger free software community. This collaboration involves individuals working within teams, cross-project collaboration within LibrePages and working with other projects outside of LibrePages. This collaboration reduces redundancy, and improves the quality of our work. Internally and externally, we should always be open to collaboration. Wherever possible, we should work closely with upstream and downstream projects and others in the free software community to coordinate our technical, advocacy, documentation and other work. Our work must be done transparently and we should involve as many interested parties as early as possible. If we decide to take a different approach than others, we will let them know early, document our work and inform others regularly of our progress. We do not create private forms of communication that take away transparency or exclude other contributors and collaborators.
- **When we disagree, try to understand why.** Disagreements, both social and technical, happen all the time and LibrePages is no exception. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively. Remember that were different. The strength of LibrePages comes from people with a wide range of backgrounds. Different people have different perspectives on issues. Being unable to understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesnt mean that theyre wrong.
- **Focus on helping to resolve issues and learning from mistakes.** It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively and with the help of the collective. When our goals differ dramatically, we encourage the creation of alternative implementations, so that the collective can test new ideas and contribute to the discussion.
- **When we are unsure, we ask for help.** Nobody knows everything, and nobody is expected to be perfect in LibrePages. Asking questions avoids many problems down the road, and so questions are encouraged. Those who are asked questions should be responsive and helpful. However, when asking a question, care must be taken to do so in an appropriate forum.
### We take the following very seriously, and any violations may impact your ability to participate in LibrePages
- **Be careful with your words and actions.** Do not insult or put down other participants. Harassment and other exclusionary behavior is not acceptable and should be reported. This includes but is not limited to:
- Violent threats or language directed against another person.
- Discriminatory jokes and language.
- Posting sexually suggestive, explicit or violent material.
- Posting (or threatening to post) other people's personally identifying information ("doxing").
- Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.
- Unwelcome sexual attention.
- Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behavior.
- Repeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop.
- **Respect the decision process.** Members of LibrePages should not attempt to manipulate decisons based on consensus or election results. Open debate is welcome, but vote trading, ballot stuffing and other forms of abuse are not acceptable.

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---
title: "Legalese"
draft: false
---
## Copyright
The copyright of the software and content used to build the
infrastructure is held by the individual contributors who implemented
it.
## Intellectual Property
[Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html)
## Disclaimer of Warranty
There is no warranty for the service, to the extent permitted by
applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the service is
provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
## Limitation of Liability
In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
will any member of the LibrePages community, or any other party who modifies
the service as permitted by LibrePages, be liable to you for damages,
including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages
arising out of the use or inability to use the service (including but
not limited to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses
sustained by you or third parties or a failure of the service to operate
with any other service), even if such member or other party has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.
## Interpretation of the Warranty and Liability disclaimers
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
waiver of all civil liability in connection with the service.
## Hosting
The services and this web site, as well as all sub-domains, are
exclusively maintained and used by the individuals composing LibrePages.
They can be reached at contact@librepages.org.

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---
title: "Privacy"
draft: false
---
**TLDR**: We do not use cookies, we do not collect any personal data and
logs aren't shared with third-parties.
## Website visitors
- No personal information is collected.
- No information is stored in the browser.
- No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties.
- No information is shared with advertising companies.
- No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends.
- No information is monetized.
### Information we collect and what we use it for
Website activity is logged and stored for a period of two months for
debugging purposes. We don't share this information with anyone.
Website activity is also measured using a self-hosted
[Matomo](https://matomo.org) instance that is configured to not set any
tracking cookies and respect [Do Not
Track](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/DNT)
headers.
The following information is collected:
- **Page URL**. the page URL of each page view on this website. For
example: _https://librepages.org/contact_
- **Browser**. We use this to reproduce browser-specific bugs people
see. This is derived from the User-Agent HTTP header. For example: _Chrome_.
## Contact us
[Contact us](https://matrix.to/#/#librepages:matrix.batsense.net) if you have any questions.
Effective Date: _08th September, 2022_
Last edit: 2022-09-12
## Changes
#### 2022-09-12
1. We started using a self-hosted [Matomo](httos://matomo.org) instance to collect basic
statistics like pages views. The analytics is not shared with any
third-party and doesn't store any tracking cookies on the visitor's browser.
All analytics data is automatically deleted after a period
of 60 days.
2. Log storage duration is increased to two months from the original one
month period.

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
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<link
rel="stylesheet"
media="screen and (max-width: 1300px)"
href="https://librepages.org/mobile.css"
/>
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/>
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_paq.push(["setCookieDomain", "*.librepages.org"]);
_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);
_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);
(function () {
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<h1 class="page__group-title">Legalese</h1>
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<h2 id="copyright">Copyright<a class="zola-anchor" href="#copyright" aria-label="Anchor link for: copyright"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>The copyright of the software and content used to build the
infrastructure is held by the individual contributors who implemented
it.</p>
<h2 id="intellectual-property">Intellectual Property<a class="zola-anchor" href="#intellectual-property" aria-label="Anchor link for: intellectual-property"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</a></p>
<h2 id="disclaimer-of-warranty">Disclaimer of Warranty<a class="zola-anchor" href="#disclaimer-of-warranty" aria-label="Anchor link for: disclaimer-of-warranty"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>There is no warranty for the service, to the extent permitted by
applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the service is
provided &quot;as is&quot; without warranty of any kind, either expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.</p>
<h2 id="limitation-of-liability">Limitation of Liability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#limitation-of-liability" aria-label="Anchor link for: limitation-of-liability"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
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sustained by you or third parties or a failure of the service to operate
with any other service), even if such member or other party has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.</p>
<h2 id="interpretation-of-the-warranty-and-liability-disclaimers">Interpretation of the Warranty and Liability disclaimers<a class="zola-anchor" href="#interpretation-of-the-warranty-and-liability-disclaimers" aria-label="Anchor link for: interpretation-of-the-warranty-and-liability-disclaimers"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
waiver of all civil liability in connection with the service.</p>
<h2 id="hosting">Hosting<a class="zola-anchor" href="#hosting" aria-label="Anchor link for: hosting"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p>The services and this web site, as well as all sub-domains, are
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They can be reached at contact@librepages.org.</p>
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<h1 class="page__group-title">Privacy</h1>
<div class="page__group-content">
<p><strong>TLDR</strong>: We do not use cookies, we do not collect any personal data and
logs aren't shared with third-parties.</p>
<h2 id="website-visitors">Website visitors<a class="zola-anchor" href="#website-visitors" aria-label="Anchor link for: website-visitors"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>No personal information is collected.</li>
<li>No information is stored in the browser.</li>
<li>No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties.</li>
<li>No information is shared with advertising companies.</li>
<li>No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends.</li>
<li>No information is monetized.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="information-we-collect-and-what-we-use-it-for">Information we collect and what we use it for<a class="zola-anchor" href="#information-we-collect-and-what-we-use-it-for" aria-label="Anchor link for: information-we-collect-and-what-we-use-it-for"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h3>
<p>Website activity is logged and stored for a period of two months for
debugging purposes. We don't share this information with anyone.</p>
<p>Website activity is also measured using a self-hosted
<a href="https://matomo.org">Matomo</a> instance that is configured to not set any
tracking cookies and respect <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/DNT">Do Not
Track</a>
headers.</p>
<p>The following information is collected:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Page URL</strong>. the page URL of each page view on this website. For
example: <em>https://librepages.org/contact</em></li>
<li><strong>Browser</strong>. We use this to reproduce browser-specific bugs people
see. This is derived from the User-Agent HTTP header. For example: <em>Chrome</em>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="contact-us">Contact us<a class="zola-anchor" href="#contact-us" aria-label="Anchor link for: contact-us"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<p><a href="https://matrix.to/#/#librepages:matrix.batsense.net">Contact us</a> if you have any questions.</p>
<p>Effective Date: <em>08th September, 2022</em>
Last edit: 2022-09-12</p>
<h2 id="changes">Changes<a class="zola-anchor" href="#changes" aria-label="Anchor link for: changes"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h2>
<h4 id="2022-09-12">2022-09-12<a class="zola-anchor" href="#2022-09-12" aria-label="Anchor link for: 2022-09-12"
><span class="anchor-icon">#</span></a
>
</h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p>We started using a self-hosted <a href="httos://matomo.org">Matomo</a> instance to collect basic
statistics like pages views. The analytics is not shared with any
third-party and doesn't store any tracking cookies on the visitor's browser.</p>
<p>All analytics data is automatically deleted after a period
of 60 days.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Log storage duration is increased to two months from the original one
month period.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
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<!-- <div class="footer__column"> --->
<p class="footer__column license__conatiner">
All text <a
class="license__link"
rel="noreferrer"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
target="_blank"
>&nbsp;CC-BY-SA&nbsp;</a
>
&amp; code
<a
class="license__link"
rel="noreferrer"
href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html"
target="_blank"
>&nbsp;AGPL&nbsp;</a
>
</p>
<!-- </div> -->
<div class="footer__column--center">
<a href="/blog/atom.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="RSS">
<img
src="https://librepages.org/icons/rss.svg?h=f6cd584bdbcd2eb4d1b8b84c9cf083ef45f772167c33fdcee754b35ae8ff4c7d"
class="footer__icon"
alt="Email icon"
/>
</a>
</div>
<div class="footer__column">
<a href="/about" title="About">About</a>
<a href="/coc" title="Code of Conduct">CoC</a>
<span class="footer__column-divider--mobile-only">|</span>
<a href="/legalese" title="Legalese">Legalese</a>
<a href="/privacy-policy" title="Privacy Policy">Privacy</a>
<span class="footer__column-divider--mobile-only">|</span>
<a
href="https://git.batsense.net/LibrePages"
rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank"
title="Status"
>Source Code</a
>
<!--
<a href="/tos" title="Terms of Service">ToS</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View file

@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
{
"$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
"extends": [
"config:recommended",
":dependencyDashboard"
],
"labels": [
"renovate-bot"
],
"prHourlyLimit": 0,
"timezone": "Asia/kolkata",
"prCreation": "immediate",
"vulnerabilityAlerts": {
"enabled": true,
"labels": [
"renovate-bot",
"renovate-security",
"security"
]
}
}

3
robots.txt Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
User-agent: *
Allow: /
Sitemap: https://librepages.org/sitemap.xml

View file

@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
@import "../components/page";
@import "../components/_link";
$std-trans: 0.3s;
.blog__content {
@include md;
p {
margin: 30px 0;
}
}
.blog__container {
margin: auto;
max-width: 50%;
}
.blog__list {
list-style: none;
}
.blog__post-link,
.blog__post-link:visited {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
}
.blog__title {
margin: 35px 0;
}
.blog__post-link {
display: block;
}
.blog__post-item {
border-bottom: 1px dashed #333;
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
.blog__post-item:hover {
background-color: lightgray;
}
.blog__post-item:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
.blog__post-description {
font-size: 0.9rem;
margin: 5px 0;
}
.blog__post-tag {
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-family: monospace, monospace;
}
.blog__post-tag:hover {
@include a_hover;
}
.blog__post-meta {
font-size: 0.7rem;
}
.blog__post-title {
font-size: 1.4rem;
font-weight: 550;
}
.blog__post-tag-container {
margin: 0;
}
.blog__post-warning {
background: yellow;
padding: 5px;
margin: 10px;
border-left: 10px solid orange;
* {
margin: 5px !important;
}
}
.copy-code {
margin: auto;
margin-top: 0;
cursor: pointer;
}
.blog__content pre {
display: flex;
}
.blog__content code {
flex: auto;
}

View file

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
@import "../components/page";
.blog__container {
max-width: 95%;
}
.blog__content {
@include md_mobile;
}

View file

@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
@mixin fullscreen {
height: 100vh;
min-height: 500px;
max-height: 800px;
}

View file

@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
@mixin a_hover {
color: rgb(0, 86, 179);
text-decoration: underline;
}

View file

@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
@import "./_link.scss";
@mixin md {
img {
max-width: 100%;
display: block;
}
video {
max-width: 100%;
display: block;
}
li {
margin-left: 40px;
}
a:hover {
@include a_hover;
}
code {
word-wrap: break-word;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
caption-side: bottom;
border-color: #e9ecef;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
table > thead {
vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cdc8ca;
text-align: center;
}
table {
th {
text-align: center;
}
td {
margin: auto;
padding: 10px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #edddd1;
}
}
p,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
margin: 10px 0;
}
pre {
padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;
border-radius: 8px;
font-size: 0.95rem;
overflow: auto;
}
pre {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-display: auto;
font-size: 1em;
}
}
@mixin md_mobile {
table {
overflow-x: scroll;
}
table td {
padding: 5px;
}
pre {
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
li {
margin-left: 25px;
}
p,
h1,
h2,
h3 {
margin: 20px 0px;
}
}

View file

@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
//font-family: "Inter UI", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Roboto",
// "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover, button:hover {
cursor: pointer;
}
a,
a:visited {
color: rgb(0, 86, 179);
}
.base {
min-height: 100vh;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
width: 100%;
}
.main__content-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100%;
justify-content: space-between;
flex: 2;
}
p,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
li,
ol,
ul {
color: #333;
}
main {
width: 100%;
}
blockquote {
border-left: 0.3em solid rgba(55, 55, 55, 0.4);
margin-bottom: 16px;
//padding-left: 20px;
padding: 0 1em;
color: #707070;
p,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
li,
ol,
ul {
color: inherit;
}
}

View file

@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
@import "../components/_link";
footer {
display: block;
color: #333;
font-size: 0.7rem;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.footer__container {
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
justify-content: space-between;
margin: auto;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
overflow: hidden;
}
@mixin footer__column-base {
list-style: none;
display: flex;
margin: auto 50px;
align-items: center;
flex: 2.5;
}
.footer__column {
@include footer__column-base;
}
.footer__column--center {
@include footer__column-base;
margin: auto;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
flex: 2;
}
.footer__column:last-child {
justify-content: flex-end;
a {
margin: 10px;
}
}
.footer__link-container {
margin: 5px;
}
.footer__link {
text-decoration: none;
}
.license__link {
display: inline;
}
.license__link:hover {
@include a_hover;
}
.footer__column-divider,
.footer__column-divider--mobile-visible,
.footer__column-divider--mobile-only {
font-weight: 500;
opacity: 0.7;
margin: 0 5px;
}
.footer__column-divider--mobile-only {
display: none;
}
.footer__icon {
margin: auto 5px;
height: 20px;
}

View file

@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
$footer-font-size: 0.44rem;
footer {
font-size: $footer-font-size;
}
.footer__container {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100%);
align-items: center;
margin: auto;
justify-content: center;
}
.footer__link {
font-size: 0.5rem;
}
.license__conatiner,
.license__link {
text-align: center;
}
@mixin footer__column-base {
margin: 0 auto;
display: flex;
padding: 0;
}
.footer__column:first-child {
grid-row-start: 3;
flex-direction: row;
}
.footer__column:last-child {
grid-row-start: 2;
}
.footer__column {
@include footer__column-base;
align-self: flex-end;
}
.footer__column--center {
@include footer__column-base;
align-self: flex-start;
}
.footer__column-divider--mobile-only {
margin: 0 3px;
font-size: 9.9px;
}

View file

@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
.clinic__doctors-container {
display: flex;
}
.doctor__profile_photo {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border-radius: 100px;
}
.doctor__container {
background-color: #eee;
margin: 10px 30px;
padding: 10px;
height: 250px;
border-radius: 5px;
width: 30%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.doctor__name {
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto !important;
}
.doctor_rating-stars,
.doctor_rating-value {
margin: 0 auto !important;
text-align: center;
}

View file

@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
.clinic__doctors-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
}
.doctor__container {
width: 80%;
}

View file

@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
.home-card__group {
display: flex;
//margin: 50px auto;
margin: 0px auto;
width: 80%;
}
.home-card__conatiner {
background-color: #eee;
margin: 10px 30px;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
width: 30%;
}
.home-card__icon {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: auto;
border-radius: 100px;
}
.home-card__title {
margin: auto;
text-align: center;
}
.home-card__text {
font-size: 0.7rem;
text-align: center;
}

View file

@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
.home-card__group {
flex-direction: column;
}
.home-card__conatiner {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 80%;
}
.home-card__group {
margin: auto;
}

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